This document discusses the design and development of a firefighting robot based on an Arduino microcontroller. The robot is equipped with sensors to detect fires and obstacles. It can navigate manually through an environment and extinguish fires using a water pump and nozzle. The robot also has wireless communication via Bluetooth to allow for remote control. Computer vision algorithms using OpenCV are used for the primary fire detection system, while additional sensors provide secondary verification of fires. Testing showed the robot could accurately detect and localize fires. The conclusion discusses how such robots could assist firefighters by making firefighting safer and more effective.
This document summarizes research on firefighting robots. It discusses how robots can be used to detect and extinguish fires in dangerous situations where human firefighters may be at risk. The document reviews several studies on firefighting robots that use sensors to detect flames and temperatures, can be controlled remotely, and have tanks to pump water or other fire extinguishing agents. The goal of this research is to develop autonomous robots that can navigate to the location of a fire, monitor the situation, and help reduce risks to human firefighters by allowing fires to be extinguished from a safe distance using robotic technologies.
Design and Development of a 360-degree Fire Extinguisher Robot using Microcon...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a 360-degree fire extinguisher robot using a microcontroller. The robot uses flame sensors to detect fire hazards and a microcontroller to analyze sensor data and determine the appropriate response. It has a WIFI module to communicate with a human operator and raise an alarm. The operator can activate the robot's fire extinguisher using a Blynk application, which uses a servo motor to direct a water pump nozzle and spray water to extinguish the fire. The robot is intended to provide an impactful solution for fighting fires in hazardous locations where humans cannot easily access to help save lives.
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1) The document describes an Android-controlled wildlife observation robot that uses sensors like PIR and gas sensors to detect and monitor wildlife movements and forest fires.
2) The robot streams live video to users' phones via an ESP32 WiFi module. It can automatically move towards detected movements and spray water to control small fires.
3) The robot aims to allow safer wildlife observation compared to humans entering habitats. Its low-cost design could make the technology accessible to more conservationists.
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This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled remotely using an Arduino, XBEE wireless module, and graphical user interface. The robot is equipped with a water tank, pump, motors to move in different directions, and a wireless camera for viewing its operations remotely. Sensors detect fire and the user controls the robot's movement and pump using the interface to approach and extinguish fires when people cannot safely do so themselves. The modular design allows individuals to work independently on components like sensing, movement, and wireless control that are then integrated on the robot to locate and fight fires without obstacles.
This document describes the design of a surveillance firefighting robot. The robot uses an ESP32 camera module to provide live video streaming to a mobile app for remote monitoring. It is equipped with smoke sensors, gas sensors, a water tank, and pump motor to detect and extinguish fires. When the sensors detect smoke or fire, the robot moves to the location and uses the pump motor to spray water from the tank until the fire is out, while continuing to stream video. The robot is powered by a solar panel and battery to allow remote and autonomous operation. It is intended to help fight fires safely from a distance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
1. The document describes the design of a microcontroller-based firefighting robot. The robot uses an LM35 temperature sensor and AT89S51 microcontroller to detect fires. When the sensor detects a temperature above the set threshold, it activates a motor connected to a water tank to extinguish the fire.
2. The robot works by converting the analog sensor signal to a digital signal using an ADC and sending it to the microcontroller. When the temperature rises above the threshold, the microcontroller activates the firefighting device. When the temperature drops below the threshold, it switches off the device.
3. Potential applications of the robot include use in server rooms, areas with a risk of explosion, and disaster area monitoring
IRJET- Review: Autonomous Detection and Shooting of Moving Objects at Borders...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system to autonomously detect and shoot moving objects at borders using Arduino and stepper motors. A PIR sensor would detect moving objects and an ultrasonic sensor would calculate the object's position. This position data would be sent to an Arduino, which would control stepper motors to rotate a mounted gun and aim it at the target. The gun would then fire at the moving object. This system aims to enhance border security by automatically eliminating intruders, without relying on human soldiers. It could help safeguard borders in difficult climates like the Indo-Pakistan border. A series of these systems placed at intervals along the border could provide comprehensive detection and response capabilities.
This document summarizes research on firefighting robots. It discusses how robots can be used to detect and extinguish fires in dangerous situations where human firefighters may be at risk. The document reviews several studies on firefighting robots that use sensors to detect flames and temperatures, can be controlled remotely, and have tanks to pump water or other fire extinguishing agents. The goal of this research is to develop autonomous robots that can navigate to the location of a fire, monitor the situation, and help reduce risks to human firefighters by allowing fires to be extinguished from a safe distance using robotic technologies.
Design and Development of a 360-degree Fire Extinguisher Robot using Microcon...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a 360-degree fire extinguisher robot using a microcontroller. The robot uses flame sensors to detect fire hazards and a microcontroller to analyze sensor data and determine the appropriate response. It has a WIFI module to communicate with a human operator and raise an alarm. The operator can activate the robot's fire extinguisher using a Blynk application, which uses a servo motor to direct a water pump nozzle and spray water to extinguish the fire. The robot is intended to provide an impactful solution for fighting fires in hazardous locations where humans cannot easily access to help save lives.
ANDROID CONTROL WILD LIFE OBSERVATION ROBOTIRJET Journal
1) The document describes an Android-controlled wildlife observation robot that uses sensors like PIR and gas sensors to detect and monitor wildlife movements and forest fires.
2) The robot streams live video to users' phones via an ESP32 WiFi module. It can automatically move towards detected movements and spray water to control small fires.
3) The robot aims to allow safer wildlife observation compared to humans entering habitats. Its low-cost design could make the technology accessible to more conservationists.
IRJET- Fire Fighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled remotely using an Arduino, XBEE wireless module, and graphical user interface. The robot is equipped with a water tank, pump, motors to move in different directions, and a wireless camera for viewing its operations remotely. Sensors detect fire and the user controls the robot's movement and pump using the interface to approach and extinguish fires when people cannot safely do so themselves. The modular design allows individuals to work independently on components like sensing, movement, and wireless control that are then integrated on the robot to locate and fight fires without obstacles.
This document describes the design of a surveillance firefighting robot. The robot uses an ESP32 camera module to provide live video streaming to a mobile app for remote monitoring. It is equipped with smoke sensors, gas sensors, a water tank, and pump motor to detect and extinguish fires. When the sensors detect smoke or fire, the robot moves to the location and uses the pump motor to spray water from the tank until the fire is out, while continuing to stream video. The robot is powered by a solar panel and battery to allow remote and autonomous operation. It is intended to help fight fires safely from a distance.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
1. The document describes the design of a microcontroller-based firefighting robot. The robot uses an LM35 temperature sensor and AT89S51 microcontroller to detect fires. When the sensor detects a temperature above the set threshold, it activates a motor connected to a water tank to extinguish the fire.
2. The robot works by converting the analog sensor signal to a digital signal using an ADC and sending it to the microcontroller. When the temperature rises above the threshold, the microcontroller activates the firefighting device. When the temperature drops below the threshold, it switches off the device.
3. Potential applications of the robot include use in server rooms, areas with a risk of explosion, and disaster area monitoring
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IRJET - Military Spy Robot with IntelligentdestructionIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed military spy robot with intelligent destruction capabilities. The robot would use cameras and image processing techniques like histograms of oriented gradients and grey level co-occurrence matrices to identify authorized versus unauthorized trespassers on a military border. If an unauthorized trespasser is detected, the robot would send a signal to an Arduino board via a relay to activate a "bomb destructor" to destroy the trespasser within 100m. The goal is to enhance border security and reduce loss of human army men through automated surveillance and targeted destruction capabilities.
The document provides background information on robotics and embedded systems. It discusses how robot population has exceeded 8.6 million according to recent statistics. It then discusses the objectives of developing an autonomous fire protection robot using sensors to detect fires and notify users. The document reviews several relevant literature sources that discuss designing robots for fire detection and extinguishing. It also provides definitions of robotics and embedded systems, discussing the origins and applications of each field. The overall purpose is to introduce and provide context for the project of developing an autonomous fire protection robot.
IRJET- Fire Detection using Infrared Images for Uav-Based Forest Fire Sur...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system for detecting forest fires using infrared images from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The system uses a simple fire detection algorithm based on thresholding infrared images to detect areas of high heat that could indicate a fire. Multiple UAVs can work collaboratively to monitor large forest areas. The system was tested using controlled forest fires involving three UAVs: two autonomous helicopters and one blimp. The algorithm detects fires by analyzing differences in pixel intensities between consecutive image frames to identify changes that indicate areas of high heat and potential fires.
360 Degree Automated Fire Fighting Robotic PlatformIRJET Journal
This document describes a 360-degree automated firefighting robotic platform developed by students. The robotic vehicle has two operation modes: manual control using a wireless remote and autonomous mode. It is equipped with a camera for live video streaming, sensors to detect fires, and a robotic arm to extinguish fires from various heights. The arm is attached to a rotating and movable platform. In autonomous mode, the robot can detect fires using sensors, navigate to the fire location, and autonomously extinguish the fire in 360 degrees using the arm. The document provides details on the components, methodology, calculations, and results of testing the robot's ability to detect and put out fires in both manual and autonomous operation.
Convolution Neural Network Based Fire Fighting RobotIRJET Journal
This document describes a firefighting robot that uses image processing and a Raspberry Pi to detect and extinguish fires. The robot contains a USB camera to capture images of the environment and send them to the Raspberry Pi for processing. Using computer vision algorithms, the Pi analyzes the images to detect fire. If fire is detected, the Pi signals the robot's pump and water spraying mechanism to extinguish the flames. The robot is also equipped with ultrasonic sensors to navigate and avoid obstacles as it moves to locations where fires are identified. The overall system provides an automated way to detect fires early and help reduce risks to human firefighters.
IRJET- An Analytic Study on Fire Fighting RobotIRJET Journal
1) The document presents a design for a firefighting robot that can monitor and extinguish fires autonomously.
2) The robot uses a NodeMCU microcontroller and ESP8266 WiFi module to be controlled remotely via an Android app by firefighters.
3) It is equipped with temperature and humidity sensors to detect fires, and uses a water pump to extinguish fires once detected.
Arduino Based Autonomous Fire Fighting RobotVikasRathod94
The document describes a proposed autonomous firefighting robot. The robot is designed to detect fires using flame sensors and then navigate to the fire's location using infrared sensors for obstacle detection. It extinguishes fires using a water pump and spray nozzle. This allows fires to be addressed safely without putting firefighters at risk. However, the robot has limitations, such as only being able to spray water in one direction and having a limited range when wired. The goal is to develop a system that can quickly detect and extinguish small fires autonomously.
IRJET- A Review on Implementation of a Fire Fighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a firefighting robot controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and equipped with sensors to detect fires. The robot uses XBEE modules for wireless communication between a transmitting control station and the receiving robot. Sensors on the robot measure temperature, gas, and smoke to detect fires. When thresholds are exceeded, the robot sounds an alarm and its water pump activates to extinguish the fire. The control station allows remote operation of the robot's movement and other functions using a GUI. The robot is intended to assist firefighters by entering hazardous environments.
1) The document describes a wireless mobile robot designed for military applications that uses sensors to interact with the physical world and navigate under the control of a base station.
2) The robot is designed to complete all tasks like detecting obstacles, border security, recording audio/video, and firing within critical time limits for safety.
3) The robot's functions are managed by the real-time operating system Salvo on an 8051 microcontroller to ensure tasks meet deadlines even when resources are fully utilized.
IRJET- Review on Image Processing based Fire Detetion using Raspberry PiIRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed image processing system using a Raspberry Pi to detect fires. The system would use a camera to capture images and the Raspberry Pi would process the images to detect fire signatures using heat patterns and colors. If a fire is detected, the system would sound an alarm. The proposed system aims to provide early fire detection without the need for additional sensors. It reviews existing fire detection methods and outlines the modules of the proposed system, including image capture, color-based segmentation, fire pattern recognition, and an emergency alarm trigger.
Design and implementation of an sms based robotic system for hole- detection ...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the design and implementation of SMS-based robotic system for hole-detection in surface pipes using GPS/GPRS/GSM technology. In industries today, surface pipelines are used to transport fluids; some of these pipelines have joints which are welded together. In a situation whereby the welding is not perfectly done, leakage of fluids may occur, leading to product loss and downtime. Therefore to checkmate this issue of pipeline leakage, an SMS-based robotic system is designed to inspect the pipelines for holes and if light is sensed in the pipelines through the sensing devices on the robot, a Short Message Service (SMS) indicating the location where the light was sensed is sent to the operator’s phone with help of the SIM 900 GPS/GPRS/GSM MODEM installed on the robot hardware system. The robot system is designed with an Arduino Uno Micro-Controller and some sensing devices installed on it. The system is programmed using embedded C language. After the implementation, the robot system was tested which could detect holes in surface pipelines and sent short message to the personnel’s mobile phone. Keywords: Arduino Uno Board, GPS/GPRS/GSM technology, Robotics, SIM900 Modem, Sensors
Development in building fire detection and evacuation system-a comprehensive ...IJECEIAES
Fire is both beneficial to man and his environment as well as destructive and deadly among all the natural disasters. A fire Accident occurs very rarely, but once it crops up its consequences will be devastating. The early detection of fire will help to avoid further consequences and saves the life of people. During the fire accidents, it is also important to guide people within the building to exit safely. Because of this, the paper gives a review of literature related to recent advancements in building fire detection and emergency evacuation system. It is intended to provide details about fire simulation tools with features, suitable hardware, communication methods, and effective user interface.
DYNAMIC ENERGY MANAGEMENT USING REAL TIME OBJECT DETECTIONIRJET Journal
This document discusses a system for dynamic energy management using real-time object detection. The system divides an area into four sectors and uses the YOLO CV2 algorithm to detect humans in each sector using a Raspberry Pi 4 and webcam. When a human is detected in a particular sector, only the electrical devices in that sector are turned on, minimizing energy usage. The methodology first uses YOLO CV2 for human detection, then implements sector-based electrical control using a Raspberry Pi 4 and hardware components. Dividing the area into sectors allows more granular energy savings compared to controlling an entire area or individual devices.
IRJET-Android Controlled Firefighting Robot using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes an Android-controlled firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires autonomously. The robot uses temperature and smoke sensors to detect fires and a sprinkler system to extinguish fires. It is controlled through an Android application using Bluetooth. The robot can avoid obstacles using ultrasonic sensors. Fuzzy logic control algorithms allow the robot to track targets and avoid obstacles on its way to extinguish fires. The robot was designed to assist firefighters and help automate fire detection and response.
This document describes the development of a drone for firefighting operations. The drone uses an Arduino, sensors like flame and ultrasonic, and electronic speed controllers to control brushless DC motors and propellers. It allows remote monitoring and firefighting capabilities to help protect firefighters in dangerous situations. The drone was developed using an Arduino microcontroller and integrated sensors to allow autonomous or remote controlled detection and response to fires. This provides a safer alternative to traditional firefighting methods that put lives at risk.
Designing of Smart Rescue Robotics SystemIRJET Journal
1. The document describes the design of a smart rescue robotics system to assist in disaster environments.
2. The rescue robot is equipped with sensors like CO2 and temperature sensors to detect living victims and map the area.
3. A learning-based semi-autonomous controller allows the robot to continuously learn and improve its performance in unknown disaster scenes while searching for victims.
IRJET- Intruder Detection System using Camera with Alert ManagementIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed intruder detection system using a camera. The system would work as follows:
1. A camera would continuously capture video frames and an image processing processor would compare the latest frame to a static threshold frame to detect differences.
2. If a difference is detected above a certain threshold using a sum of absolute differences (SAD) algorithm, it would indicate a potential intruder.
3. The system would then raise an alert if an intruder is confirmed, such as sending an email or message with the captured photo of the intruder.
The goal is to create an affordable intruder detection system that can detect intruders and raise alerts, providing security for places when unattended.
IRJET - GSM based Fire Extinguishing SystemIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a GSM-based fire extinguishing system that automatically detects fires and alerts authorities.
2. The system uses a flame sensor to detect fires, an ultrasonic sensor to avoid obstacles, and a GSM module to send alerts to multiple users when a fire is detected.
3. Once a fire is detected, the system activates a water pump and motor to drive towards the fire and extinguish it by pouring water, while also sending fire alerts via GSM to reduce damages from the fire.
IRJET - Fire Fighting Robot Remotely Controlled by Voice based Android Applic...IRJET Journal
This document describes a remotely controlled firefighting robot that can be operated using an Android application. The robot is equipped with sensors to detect fires and a mechanism to extinguish fires. It can be navigated autonomously using the Android app to move to the source of the fire and put it out remotely. The document reviews several existing firefighting robots and systems that use various sensors and remote control methods. The proposed robot aims to reduce risks to firefighters by allowing them to operate the robot safely from a distance. It is intended to help extinguish fires more quickly and safely.
IOT-BASED HAZARDOUS GAS LEAKAGE DETECTIONIRJET Journal
1) The document describes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system for detecting hazardous gas leakage.
2) The system uses an Arduino microcontroller connected to an MQ5 gas sensor to detect gases like hydrogen, LPG, methane, carbon monoxide, and alcohol.
3) When gas is detected, the system sounds an alarm with a buzzer, displays the gas concentration on an LCD screen, and alerts personnel to take safety measures like turning on exhaust fans.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.