The document discusses lesson planning and provides details about various approaches to lesson planning. It begins by defining what a lesson plan is and its key components. It then discusses the importance of lesson planning, noting that planning allows teachers to be better organized, think through learning objectives, and increase the likelihood that learning will occur. The document also covers different approaches to lesson planning, including the Herbartian approach of introducing, presenting, comparing, generalizing, applying, and recapping material. Bloom's taxonomy is also referenced as an approach. Principles of effective lesson planning and advantages of planning are described.

1. LESSON PLANNING
BHEEM PAD MAHATO
FOE IUT

2. Lesson Plan
• Teacher’s written scheme to: prepare for,
deliver and evaluate the instruction.
• Detailed enough to provide a clear set of
directions for a person knowledgeable about
the subject.
• Includes teaching aids needed for the class.
• Normally outline – not manuscript.

3. We remember:
10% of what we read
20% of what we hear
30% of what we see
50% of what we hear and see
70% of what we discuss with others
80% of what we experience personally
95% of what we teach to someone
– William Glasser

4. Origin of Lesson Plan
• Lesson plan has its origin in Gestalt psychology.
There is lot of influence of Gestalt theory of
learning on human learning. A student can learn
the whole concept if it is divided into units.
Therefore, in the school, the whole concept is
perceived as a part and the part is divided into
units. Within a unit, all the activities are
interrelated. These activities provide for the
meaningful learning experiences, which
ultimately helps in understanding the whole
concept. Thus, this theory gave rise to the
concept of ‘Unit Plan’.

5. The unit plan is based on following
approaches.
• Herbart propounds the first approach. He
emphasized on content and information in a
unit plan.
• John Dewey and Kilpatrick propound the
second approach. They emphasized on the
experiences of learners in a unit plan.

6. Meaning and Definition of Lesson
Plan
• Lesson plan is a written guide for trainers plans in
order to achieve the intended learning outcomes.
It provides specific definition and direction on
learning objectives, equipment, instructional
media, material requirements, and conduct of
the training. Lesson plan is the detailed blueprint
for presenting training by a teacher or Small
Group Leader (SGL). It prevents training from
becoming haphazard and provides for training
standardization. It is built on the lesson outline
and includes all the details required for the
presentation.

7. Need and Importance of Lesson Plan
• Any activity if planned in advance will be successful. This is
true also in the case of teaching program or classroom
teaching. If a teacher plans his/her lesson well before, then
he or she will be clear of certain below mentioned points:
• What he/she is going to teach?
• How he/she is going to teach?
• What teaching aids he/she is going to use?
• What question he/she is going to ask?
• What questions students may ask?
• What objectives he/she is going to achieve?
• How he/she is going to evaluate that he/she has achieved
his/her identified objectives?

8. The lesson plan plays a significant role
in planning and organizing teaching.
The reasons are as follows:
• Forces us to think through what we want the
students to learn and how we will teach it.
• Allows us to decide in advance what equipment,
supplies, and materials we will need to assemble
for the class.
• Provides structure for both teacher and students.
• Increases likelihood that learning will occur.
• Planning for instruction is essential.
• Lack of experience can often be offset with good
planning.

9. The lesson plan plays a significant role
in planning and organizing teaching.
The reasons are as follows:
• Lesson plans allow the teacher to be better organized and prepared for
teaching.
• The lesson planning provides guidance to the student-teacher during their
teaching practices.
• With the help of lesson plan, a student teacher can become aware of the
teaching objectives and can go in the direction of achieving them.
• The student teacher can know the structure and content of the concept to
be taught by following the lesson plan.
• The task analysis in lesson plan can guide a student teacher to finalize the
sequence of content to be presented.
• By linking the new knowledge with the previous knowledge of the
students, the apperceptive mass of the student is encouraged or
developed.
• The use of teaching aids techniques; strategies and tactics are pre-
determined in the presentation of the content.

10. The lesson plan plays a significant role
in planning and organizing teaching.
The reasons are as follows:
• With the help of scientific lesson plans teaching activities become
more related to learning structures.
• Lesson plan helps in maintaining the sequence of the content
presentation and prevents the teacher from deviating from the
topic.
• It helps in determining the suitable places of reinforcing and
controlling the student behavior during the teaching process.
• Depending upon the individual students capacity to understand the
teaching activities of the classroom can be organized.
• A good lesson plan determines the reasoning, decision-making and
imaginary ability of a student teacher.
• The micro-lessons help in developing the specific teaching skills
among the teachers.

11. The lesson plan plays a significant role
in planning and organizing teaching.
The reasons are as follows:
• A student teacher gains confidence in performing the
classroom teaching activities. The lesson plan does not allow
the teacher to deviate and it keeps him/her on the way.
• Through lesson plan, the teacher regularly achieves the
teaching objectives and processes in the form of complete
objectives and processes.
• A lesson plan develops the possibilities of adjustment in
classroom situations, which makes the teaching effective.
• A lesson plan helps in recalling every step of curriculum unit.
• A lesson plan helps in planning the process of teaching on the
basis of class control, motivation and individual differences.

12. Advantages of Lesson Planning
• Lesson planning makes the teacher confident and self-reliant.
• Lesson planning helps the teacher in deciding the definite
objectives and in achieving the goals.
• Lesson planning makes classroom teaching interesting, systematic
and organized.
• It guides the teacher in sustaining the interest of the students and
in organizing some activities.
• It ensures appropriate usage of teaching aids in the classroom.
• It enables the teacher to understand and use the most relevant
method of teaching the lesson.
• It helps the teacher in giving proper assignments to the students.

13. Principles of a Good Lesson Plan
• A good lesson plan should proceed from simple to complex, known to
unknown, concrete to abstract, whole to part and back to the whole.
• It should follow the instructional objectives and specifications.
• The teaching aids should be generously and appropriately used.
• The activities should be relevant and properly selected.
• The lesson plan should suit the age, intelligence, aptitude and the
interests of the students.
• The evaluation procedures should be suitable to the lesson.
• It should induce the power of reasoning, analysis and critical thinking
among the students.
• It should indicate definite assignments for the students.
• There should be extra information about the topic and note on other
available reference materials.
• The lesson should be planned including the time as a feature.

14. Approaches to Lesson Planning
• THE HERBARTIAN APPROACH
• Regional College of Education, Mysore (RCEM)
• Bloom’s Evaluation Approach of Lesson Planning
• Constructivist approach

15. Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy
2001
1956

16. Bloom’s Approach
•Formulating Educational Objectives
•Creating learning Experiences
•Evaluating change of behavior

17. HERBIRIAN APPROACH

18. HERBIRIAN APPROACH
• A German philosopher and a great
educationist divided teaching units into six
steps.

19. Advantages of HLP
• Easy and simple approach
• Objectives are clear
• Well prepared
• Link previous knowledge
• Used for any class size
• Deductive thinking for learning
• This approach can be used for any class size
• Help in achieving cognitive objectives of
teaching

20. Demerits of HLP
• Emphasizes mainly on the content aspects.
• It confines teaching only to memory level
• It does not cater to the abilities and interests of
students.
• No scope for affective and psychomotor
domains.
• Emphasis on presentation & Teaching rather
than learning.

21. Steps for the development of lesson
plan
• Introduction
• Presentation
• Comparison
• Generalisation
• Application
• Recapitulation

22. Introduction
• Testing of previous knowledge
• Continuity
• Arousing curiosity
(demonstration/chart/model etc.)
• Sustaining student curiosity and Receptivity
• Declaration of topic

23. Presentation
• Actual presentation
• Student – teacher active participant
• Use of teaching aids
• Heuristic atmosphere

24. Comparison
• Use example
• To find out similar examples
• Association of new ideas with daily life
situation.

25. Generalisation
• Reflection of knowledge
• Generalisation
• Formulation
• Restatement of important ideas
• Using alternative explanation when
necessary.

26. Application
• Use of gain knowledge in familiar and
unfamiliar situation.
• Validity of generalizations

27. Recapitulation
• Checking of understanding level
• Evaluation
• Ask suitable question on the topic

28. Thanks