The document discusses different models of curriculum design, focusing on subject-centered and learner-centered approaches. Subject-centered design emphasizes mastery of core subjects through sequential learning and assessment of acquired knowledge. Learner-centered design gathers student interest and career data to create lesson plans, emphasizes active and cooperative learning, and positions the teacher as a facilitator with student involvement comprising 70-80% of activities. Examples of learner-centered activities include projects, presentations, competitions, debates, and educational trips.

1. Curriculum Development
B.Ed Program (Lecture #5

2. Learning Outcomes
By the end of this session, Students will be able to:
• Have workable understanding of the whole process of
curriculum designing.
• They would also have adequate knowledge and understanding
of different models of Curriculum .
• Have Complete understanding of Subject centred Curriculum
design and learner centred curriculum design

3. Curriculum Designing
• Curriculum designing involves planning Aims, goals and
learning objectives, activities, experiences, lessons, appropriate
methodologies and assessments that achieve educational goals.”
Curriculum design is important because it centers a teacher's
practice, based on individual needs in the classroom.
• Curriculum design can be segmented into four forms.
• These include subject-centered design, learner-centered design,
Teacher centered and Integrated Curriculum Designs.

4. 1. Subject-centered curriculum design
• Subject-centered curriculum design refers to reviewing the
skills, ideas and facts that are critical to a given subject area.
Learning activities are developed around these facts.
(You may see the content list of any book on the first page of
any subject)
• Subject-centered curriculum is an approach to curriculum
design that places a strong emphasis on the content and mastery
of subject matter.
• This approach focuses on the acquisition of knowledge, skills,
and abilities related to specific subjects such as mathematics,
science, history, or literature.

5. Key Features of Subject-centered Curriculum Design
Some of the key features of subject-centered curriculum design:
1. Emphasis on subject matter: The curriculum is organized around
core subjects or disciplines, and the content is structured to
provide a thorough understanding of each subject.
2. Mastery of subject matter: The focus is on developing students'
mastery of subject matter through the acquisition of knowledge,
skills, and abilities.
3. Sequential learning: The curriculum is structured in a way that
provides a logical progression of learning, with each level
building on the knowledge and skills developed in previous
levels.

6. Key Features of Subject-centered Curriculum Design
4.Teacher-centered instruction: Teachers are responsible for
selecting and sequencing the content and for delivering
instruction to students.
5.Assessment of learning: Assessment is focused on measuring
students' mastery of subject matter and their ability to apply
what they have learned.
6. Emphasis is placed on acquisition, memorization, and
knowledge of each specific content area. Within this curriculum
structure, strong emphasis is placed on instruction, teacher-to-
student explanation, and direct strategies.

7. Key Features of Subject-centered Curriculum Design
7. Listening to lectures, studying the textbooks and studying for
examination are all practices that show the influence of the subject
centered curriculum approach.
8. The subject teacher considers it of great importance to cover the
prescribed textbook. Subject matter is to be learnt in a set time. If subject
matter has been learnt, the teacher and students feel satisfaction.
9. Those who follow the subject centered approach strongly advocate set
standard for a class to be achieved by all students in order to qualify the
examination.
10. As the subject matter is an important thing to be learnt, learning is
measured by how well the subject matter has been mastered.
Frequent tests are given to check the extent of achievement by the
students.

8. Learner Centered Curriculum Design
Learner-centered curriculum design refers to gathering
information on students' career aspirations and interests and then
creating appropriate lesson plans.
Students must learn to discuss issues, work with others, and
collaborate if they want to come up with a solution. This is a
difficult skill for some people to learn as adults, but when
introduced during childhood, the results are astounding.

9. 2. Learner-centered Curriculum Design (Continued )
 In the learner-centered Curriculum, the focus is on the
learner’s individuality, interaction, practical involvement in the
process, likes and dislikes, interests, level of age and ability ,
individual differences and many other such things related to
learner’s holistic development.
 In student-centered classrooms, students are directly
involved and invested in the discovery of their own knowledge.
 Through collaboration and cooperation with others, students
engage in experiential learning that is authentic, holistic, and
challenging.

10. Main elements of Learner –centered Curriculum
• A learner-centered curriculum is comprised of three main
elements:
• Active learning. Here, students learn to solve problems, answer
questions, and formulate questions of their own.
• Cooperative learning. In this setup, students work in teams to
solve problems and accomplish goals.
• Inductive teaching and learning.
• Maximum Involvement of the learner. 70 to 80 percents
students practical and effective involvement
• Teacher as Facilitator. Teacher plays as facilitator and
motivate the learners for their practical involvement.

11. Characteristics of Learner centered Curriculum Design
• The activities under learner centered curriculum design
include open debates, writing of newspaper articles, field trips,
student-chosen projects, presentations, and written reflections on
learning.
• These above discussed types of activities centralize learners and
give them choices, fostering interest and passion in the subject.
• A curriculum that is totally non-authoritative, participation-
focused, and allows students empowerment in many ways is called
a student-centered curriculum.
• The student-oriented curriculum allows students the opportunity to
choose the area of learning, assignments, learning experiences, or
other activities. It has the ability to motivate students or learners
and help them keep engaging in the learning process.

12. • Learner-centered teachers are characterized by a focus on
facilitating learning by inspiring the learning process rather than
simply providing information. Identify the advantages and
specific characteristics of learner-centered teachers.
• Co-curricular Activities are given utmost importance in learner
centered curriculum design as the aim of this curriculum design
is the holistic development of the learner.
• The whole system of education revolves around the personality
of the learner.

13. Examples of learner centered curriculum design
• Learner-centered approach activities
• Group projects.
• Individual projects
• Stage presentations
• Holding a competition
• Hold a debates
• Sports contests
• Posing a problem and letting learners find the solution
• Doing role-plays
• Educational Trips