This document discusses laboratory methods in science education. It outlines several objectives of laboratory work such as developing scientific skills and concepts, cognitive abilities, and scientific attitudes. It describes different types of laboratory experiments and approaches such as verification, inquiry, and problem-based learning. The document also discusses how to plan, execute, and evaluate laboratory experiments through steps like identifying needs, formulating objectives, performing procedures, recording observations, and preparing lab reports. Finally, it notes advantages like hands-on learning and developing skills, and disadvantages including lack of resources and time consumption.

1. Laboratory Method
Bheem Pad Mahato
FOE IUT

2. Objectives
• To Development of scientific Skills
• To Development of scientific Concepts and
principles
• To acquire the Cognitive abilities
• To Understanding the nature of science
• To scientific Attitudes

3. Objectives
• Skills – Manipulative, inquiry, investigative, organizational,
communicative.
• Concepts – For example, hypothesis, theoretical model,
taxonomic category.
• Cognitive abilities – Critical thinking, problem solving,
application, analysis, synthesis.
• Understanding the nature of Science – Scientific enterprise,
scientists and how they work, existence of a multiplicity of
scientific methods, inter-relationships between science and
technology and among the various disciplines of science.
• Attitudes – curiosity, interest, risk taking, objectivity, precision,
confidence, perseverance, satisfaction, responsibility,
consensus, collaboration, and liking for science.

4. Why laboratory Methods
• Measurement of physical quantities with
appropriate accuracy.
• Recognition of factors that could affect the
reliability of their measurements.
• Manipulations of materials, apparatus, tools, and
measuring instruments.
• Clear descriptions of their observations and
measurements.
• Representation of information in appropriate
verbal, pictorial, graphical, and mathematical
terms.
• Inference and reasoning from their observations.

5. Why laboratory Methods
• Ability to rationally defend their conclusions and
predictions.
• Effective and valued participation with their peers
and their teacher in a cooperative, intellectual
enterprise.
• Articulate reporting of observations, conclusions, and
predictions in formats ranging from informal
discussion to a formal laboratory report.
• Ability to recognize those questions that can be
investigated through experiment and to plan, carry
out, evaluate, and report on such experiments.

6. Laboratory approaches in schools
• Verification (expository style) and deduction:
• Induction (inquiry and discovery style) method:
• Inquiry learning
• Discovery learning
• Problem based learning
• Science oriented
• Technically oriented
• Exploratory approach

7. •Even front system
•Group system
•Rotation system
Organization of Laboratory Work

8. Approaches of laboratory work
• Free exploration
• Unstructured
• Structured
• Inductive
• Deductive
• Science Process
• Technical skill

9. Free exploration
Like poles
repl
Unlike
poles
attracts
Attraction
of iron
filings

10. Unstructured
• Marks with magnets

11. Structured & Inductive
• Magnet and compass

12. Deductive

13. Science Process

14. Technical skills

15. Types of Laboratory Experiments
• Illustrative Experiments
• To find numeral values for physical
quantities
• Productive Experiment
• Verification experiments
• Investigatory Experiments

16. Procedure to use Laboratory method
Planning
Execution
Evaluation

17. Planning
• Identify Need for Experiment
• Plan the Experiment
• Aims and objectives are
formulated
• Demonstration

18. Execution
• Student perform Experiments
• Records Observation in Observation
sheet
• Tabulates Observation
• Calculate
• Infers and Interprets

19. Evaluation
•Prepares a Lab Reports
•Calculate
•Infers and Interprets

20. Model
• Value of ‘g’ at Agartala
• Aims :-
To find the value of ‘g’ using Simple
pendulum
Apparatus:-
Thread , stands , bob, stop watch, scale
etc

21. Model
• Theory:-
As T = 2∏ √ L/g
• Procedure :-
• Observation:-
• Calculation & Result
• Error /Limitation

22. Advantages of Laboratory Methods
• The students get a chance of ‘ learning by doing’.
• To develop skill in the use of laboratory
equipment only can possible with actual
experiences.
• This method provides students with the
opportunity to view science.
• It is practiced rather than reading or hearing.
• Students gets hands on practice.

23. Disadvantages
• Lack of resources to present laboratory
exercise.
• It is not efficient means of learning new,
factual information.
• Time consuming and expansive
• It is require skilled and careful person.
•

24. Thanks