1) The document discusses different types of fungal spores, including sexual spores (ascospores, zygospores, basidiospores) and asexual spores (blastospores, arthrospores, chlamydospores, conidiospores). 2) It describes different types of superficial fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails, known as dermatophytoses or ringworm, which are caused by dermatophyte fungi of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. 3) Key characteristics are provided for diagnosing dermatophyte infections microscopically and through fungal culture techniques.

1. By Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
Assistant Professor, Microbiology

2. Sexual spores 
– Ascospore
– Zygospore
– Basidiospore
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3. Asexual spores 
Vegetative spore
1) Blastospores: formed by
budding-yeast cells
2) Arthrospores: Arthrospores,
segmentation of hyphae
3) Chlamydospores: Rounding
application and thickening of
hyphal segment
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4. • Aerial spore
• Conidiospore
• Microconidia
• Macroconidia
• Sporangiospores

5. + Superficial Mycoses
+ Subcutaneous Mycoses
+ Systemic Mycoses

9. + Saprophytic fungi of soil or decaying vegetation
+ Produce a progressive local disease with tissue
destruction and sinus formation
+ Include
– Mycetoma
– Chromoblastomycosis
– Sporotrichosis
– rhinosporidiosis

10. + Caused by fungi of soil and acquired by
inhalation
+ Disseminate to CNS, bones and other internal
organs.
+ Include
– Blastomycosis
– Paracoccidioidomycosis
– Cryptococcosis
– Histoplasmosis

13. SUPERFICIAL MYCOSIS
SURFACE INFECTONS→ Dead Layers of skin appandages No inflammatory changes
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Tinea (Pityriasis) versicolor
Orbiculare / Malasezia
furfur
Tinea nigra
Cladosporium /
Hortaea werneckii
Piedra
Chronic inf of Stratum
corneum
As NMF of Skin
Endogenous
Thick keratinised sites of
palms and soles.
Patchy
discoloration/depigmentation
of skin on chest, abd. neck,
arms
Light brown flat
macular/patchy lesions
affecting palms &
occasionally the soles.
Noddules on hair shaft
composed of fungus.
1.White piedra
(Trichosporon beigelii) 
axilla, moustache, beard
2.Blak piedra (piedra
hortae)  beard & scalp

15. 16
KOH mount
Clusters of round Yeast
cells(5.8µ) +short, curved,
stout hyphae.No branching
KOH
mount→Brownish,hyphae+
Budding cells
KOH mount
1.white piedra
Branched hyphae
Arthrospores.
Within & out side hair
2.Culture on SDA with overlay
of olive oil creamy colonies in
5-7 days.
2.Culture on SDA light to dark
grey.
2.Black piedra
Club shaped asci
Each ascus contain 8 fusiform
ascospores
3.culture mounts show
budding Yeast cells. Occ
hyphae
LAB DIAGNOSIS

16. • Are group of fungi that infect only superficial keratinised tissue (skin, hair,
nail) without involving the living tissue.
• Three main genera ( Keratinised tissue eg. Skin, hair, nails)
1) Trichiphyton  Skin, hair & nails
2) Microsporum  Skin & hair
3) Epidermophyton (40 species)  Skin & nails
• Breakdown and utilized keratin.
• Causes dermatophytoses, also known as
Tinea or Ringworm.
• ringworms- appear as circular areas, erythromatus spreading border &
inflamation.
• Hypersensitivity to fungus Ag is probaly responsible for the sterile
vesicular lesions sometimes seen in sites distant from the ringworm.
These lesions are named dermatophytids (or ‘id’ reaction)
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17.  Trichophyton  Hair, skin, nail
 Microsporum  Hair, skin
 Epidermophyton  Skin, nail
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18.  Anthrophilic  Man  eg. T. rubrum, E.
floccosum and M. audouinii
 Zoophilic  Animals  M. canis in dogs & cats
 Geophilic  Soil  M. gypseum occur naturally
in soil

19. + Trichophyton :
– T. rubrum
– T. mentagrophytes
– T. tonsurans
– T. schoenleinni
– T. violaceum
– T. verrucosum
+ Microsporum:
– M. gypseum
– M. canis
– M. audouinii
+ Epidermophyton:
– E. floccosum

20.  T. capitis- Scalp
 T.corporis- Body skin
 T. cruris- Groin, Peri.
 T. barbae- Bearded area
 T. pedis- Toe clefts
 T. unguim- Nails
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21.  Tinea capitis - Trichophyton sps,
Microsporum sps.
 Tinea barbae - T. schoenleinii, M. gypseum
 Tinea imbricata - T. concentricum
 Tinea corporis - T. rubrum, other dermatophytes
 Tinea cruris - E. floccosum, T. rubrum
 Tinea pedis - T. rubrum, E. floccosum
 Tinea unguium
 Tinea manuum

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23. 2) Culture on SDA
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SPECIES COLONY PIGMENT
T. rubrum Velvety Red pigment (reverse)
T. mentagrophytes Cottony/powdery Variable. White/tan
T. violascum Waxy Violet/purple
T. schoenlenii
T. tonsurans
M. gypseum Powdery Buff coloured
M. canis Cottony Orange
(Reverse)
M. auouinii Velvety Brownish
E. floccosum Powdery Yellow Green

24. + Microconidia are unicellular whereas macroconidia
are multicellular.
Genera Macroconidia Microconidia
Trichophyton Scanty, cylindrical Abundant, in clusters
Microsporum Large, fusiform Scanty
Epidermophyton Pear shaped, in clusterrs Absent

25. Cylindrical
macroconidia
Fusiform
macroconidia
Club / pear shaped
macroconidia

26. A. Trichophyton B. Microsporum C. Epidermophyton
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