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medical classification of fungi with examples.pptx
- 1. Clinical classification of fungi 1. Superficial or Cutaneous mycoses 2. Subcutaneous mycoses 3. Systemic mycoses 4. Opportunistic mycoses
- 2. Superficial or Cutaneous mycoses โข Fungal infections of skin, hair and nails โข Strictly surface infections โข Infection of the mucosa, the keratin of skin, hair and nails โข Do not involve deeper tissue โข Common and troublesome
- 3. Examples of Superficial or Cutaneous mycoses Diseases Causative organisms Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor Infection of the stratum corneum, which causes decolourization of skin by Malassezia furfur Tinea nigra Infection of non-hairy part by Exophiala werneckii Black piedra Infection of hair shaft by Trichosporon hartae White piedra Infection of hair shaft by Trichosporon beigelii Candidiasis of skin, mucus membranes, nail Candida albicans Dermatophytoses (ringworm) Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
- 4. Diseases Causative organisms Tinea pedis (ringworm of foot or athleteโs foot) T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum Tinea captis (ringworm of scalp) M. audouinii, M. canis, T. mentagrophytes, T. violaceum Tinea ungium (ringworm of nail) T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum Tinea cruris (ringworm of groin region) T. rubrum, E. floccosum Tinea manum (ringworm of palm region) T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum Tinea barbae (ringworm of beard and moustache) T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, E. floccosum
- 5. Subcutaneous mycoses โข Chronic, localized infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissue following the traumatic implantation of soil saprophytes โข Results in progressive local diseases with tissue destruction and sinus formation โข The lesions spread slowly via lymphatics
- 6. Examples of Subcutaneous mycoses Diseases Causative organisms Sporotrichosis (Rose gardenerโs disease) Sporothrix schenckii Chromoblastomycosis Phialophora spp, Cladosporium spp Phaeohyphomycosis Cladosporium spp, Exophiala spp, Wangiella spp, Bipolaris spp Mycotic mycetoma Pseudallescheria spp, Madurella spp, Acremonium spp, Exophiala spp Mucormycosis Mucor spp, Rhizopus spp Rhinosporidiosis Rhinosporidium spp Lobomycosis Loboa loboi
- 7. Systemic mycoses โข Caused by dimorphic fungal pathogens โข Soil fungi โข Infection by inhalation of the spores โข Mostly asymptomatic โข Primary site of infection is usually pulmonary following the inhalation of spores/conidia โข Most lung infections are self limited โข In symptomatic diseases, dissemination may occur to any organ (eg: cryptococcosis in CNS)
- 8. Examples of Systemic mycoses Diseases Causative organisms Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans Blastomycosis Blastomyces dermatidis Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioides immitis Paracoccidioidomycosis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Histoplasmosis Histoplasma capsulatum
- 9. Opportunistic mycoses โข Infections are primarily found in patients who are immunocompromised, either by diseases or therapy
- 10. Examples of Opportunistic mycoses Diseases Causative organisms Candidiasis Candida albicans Aspergillosis Aspergillus fumigatus Geotrichosis Geotrichum spp Cryptococcosis Cryptococcus neoformans Pneumocystosis Pneumocystis carinii Penicillosis Penicillium marneffei Pseudallescheriasis Pseudallescheria boydii
Editor's Notes
- No cellular response from host
- The stratum corneum (Latin for 'horny layer') is the outermost layer of the epidermis, consisting of dead cells (corneocytes). This layer is composed of 15-20 layers of flattened cells with no nuclei and cell organelles. Their cytoplasm shows birefringent filamentous scleroprotein keratin.
- Fungi are geographically restricted
- Geotrichum capitatum, Geotrichum clavatum, Geotrichum candidum