The document discusses World Hepatitis Day, which is observed annually on July 28th to raise awareness about viral hepatitis. It provides background on hepatitis, noting it is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, alcohol, toxins, and autoimmune diseases. There are five main hepatitis viruses - Hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. Symptoms may include fatigue, abdominal pain, nausea and jaundice. Vaccines exist for Hepatitis A and B. The document outlines India's National Viral Hepatitis Control Program which aims to eliminate Hepatitis C by 2030 through prevention, screening, treatment, training and organizational structures.

1. World Hepatitis Day
Dr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
Associate Professor, Microbiology

2. What is Hepatitis?
“Hepat” = Liver “It is” = Inflammation “Hepatitis”
Normal Liver Inflamed Liver

3. Causes of Hepatitis
Viral Hepatitis Alcoholic
Hepatitis
Toxic Hepatitis Autoimmune
Hepatitis

4. Types of Hepatitis Virus
Hepatitis A Virus Hepatitis B Virus Hepatitis C Virus
Hepatitis D Virus
Hepatitis E Virus

5. a
Salient
features
of viral
hepatitis

6. Symptoms of Hepatitis

7. Vaccines

8. Hepatitis B Vaccine
• The hepatitis B virus was discovered in 1965 by Dr. Baruch Blumberg.
• Originally called the "Australian Antigen" because it was named
for an Australian aborigine's blood sample  that reacted with an
antibody in the serum of an American hemophilia patient.
• In 1975, Drs. Blumberg and Millman developed diagnostic test & the
first hepatitis B vaccine, which was initially a heat-treated form of
the virus.

9. First Commercial Hepatitis B Vaccine
• In 1981, the FDA approved  pooled plasma-derived hepatitis
B vaccine for human use. This “inactivated” type.
• Inactivated by
– Formaldehyde and
– heat treatment (or “pasteurization”).
• Merck Pharmaceuticals manufactured this plasma vaccine as
"Heptavax," which was the first commercial hepatitis B virus
vaccine.

10. Current Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccines
• In 1986,  a second
generation of genetically
engineered (or DNA
recombinant) hepatitis B
vaccines.
• are synthetically prepared and
do not contain blood products
- it is impossible to get
hepatitis B from the new
recombinant vaccines that
are currently approved &
available in the market.

11. “World Hepatitis Day”

12. 28th July “World Hepatitis Day”
birthday of Nobel-prize winning scientist Dr Baruch Blumberg, who discovered hepatitis B
virus (HBV) and developed a diagnostic test and vaccine for the virus.
aims to raise awareness about the disease and make more people take tests and seek
treatment.

13. Theme of World Hepatitis Day 2023

14. “One Life One Liver”
Hepatitis
Devastate
Performs over 500 vital functions every single day to keep you alive.

15. Year wise Themes of World Hepatitis Day
Year Theme
2023 One life, One liver
2022 Bringing hepatitis care closer to you
2021 Hepatitis can’t wait
2020 Hepatitis-free future
2019 Invest in eliminating hepatitis
2018 Test Treat Hepatitis
2017 Eliminate hepatitis
2016 Know hepatitis-Act now
2015 Prevent hepatitis. Act now
2014 Think again
2013 This is hepatitis. Know it. Confront it

16. Epidemiology
• Viral hepatitis still kills over a million people every year.
• Combined, hepatitis B and hepatitis C cause 1.1 million deaths
and 3 million new infections every year.
• 350 million people are living with a chronic viral hepatitis
infection.
• 3,000 people die from hepatitis every day. That’s one hepatitis
death every thirty seconds.

17. Epidemiology
• Over 8,000 new hepatitis B and C infections occur each day.
That’s over 5 infections every minute.
• If the current trajectory continues, viral hepatitis will kill more
people annually than malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS
combined by 2040.

18. Global elimination goals by 2030

19. National Viral Hepatitis Control Program
• Viral hepatitis  recognized as an important public health problem
worldwide.
• In India, it is estimated that there are 40 million people suffering from
Hepatitis B and 6-12 million people suffering from Hepatitis C.

20. Aim of NVHCP
• Combat hepatitis and achieve country wide elimination of Hepatitis C by
2030.
• Achieve significant reduction in the infected population, morbidity and
mortality associated with Hepatitis B and C viz. Cirrhosis and Hepato-
cellular carcinoma (liver cancer).
• Reduce the risk, morbidity and mortality due to Hepatitis A and E.

21. The key components include
• Preventive component: This remains the cornerstone of the NVHCP. It will
include
– Awareness generation
– Immunization of Hepatitis B (birth dose, high risk groups, health care
workers)
– Safety of blood and blood products
– Injection safety
– Safe drinking water, hygiene and sanitary toilets

22. Diagnosis and Treatment
• Screening of pregnant women for HBsAg.
• Free screening, diagnosis and treatment for both hepatitis B and C.
• Engagement with community support to enhance and ensure
adherence to treatment.

23. • Monitoring and Evaluation, Surveillance and Research Effective
linkages to the surveillance system  would be established and
operational research would be undertaken through Department of
Health Research (DHR).

24. Training and capacity Building
• This would be a continuous process and will be supported by
– NCDC (National centre for disease control)
– ILBS (The Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences)
– State tertiary care institutes
– Coordinated by NVHCP.
• The hepatitis induction and update programs for all level of health care
workers would be made available using both, the traditional cascade model
of training through master trainers and various platforms available for
enabling electronic, e-learning and e-courses.

26. a
Organizational
Structure

28. Testing of
Hep- B & C

31. Prevention of Mother to Child transmission of Hep-B
Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn Care (CEmONC) centre

32. Thank You
Eliminate Viral Hepatitis by 2030