Fungal infections can affect hair in various ways. The document discusses three main types: Piedra, caused by fungi that form nodules on the hair shaft; White piedra caused by Trichosporon species forming white or gray nodules; and Black piedra caused by Piedra hortae forming hard black nodules. It also discusses dermatophyte infections including Tinea capitis, Favus, Kerion and Tinea barbae that are caused by fungi like Trichophyton and Microsporum. Diagnosis involves microscopic examination of hair and cultures. Treatment involves antifungal medications like griseofulvin or newer azoles depending on the specific
Medical Mycology Black Piedra and White Piedra.pptxDeborahAR1
Black piedra is a fungal infection of the hair shafts. It is also known as Trichomycosis nodosa. The fungal elements are attached to the hair shaft to form nodules along the hair shaft. It predominantly affects scalp hair, although involvement of the beard, mustache and pubic hairs is also known.
White Piedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair caused by Trichosporon asahii. It is also known as trichomycosis nodosa or trichomycosis nodularis.
Medical Mycology Black Piedra and White Piedra.pptxDeborahAR1
Black piedra is a fungal infection of the hair shafts. It is also known as Trichomycosis nodosa. The fungal elements are attached to the hair shaft to form nodules along the hair shaft. It predominantly affects scalp hair, although involvement of the beard, mustache and pubic hairs is also known.
White Piedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair caused by Trichosporon asahii. It is also known as trichomycosis nodosa or trichomycosis nodularis.
It is 2 of the three major genera on which they are responsible for dermatophytosis, hence they are called Dermatophytes. you can see here their basic background and different morphological characteristics.
This presentation was derived from Microbiology 4 books.
Bailley's Scott
Mahon
Alcamo
Jaweitz
Superficial Mycoses Mycology - Tinea Versicolor / Tinea Nigra/Piedra
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As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks..
Qualification
AHLAD T O
Maneesha M Joseph
MSc MLT (Microbiology)
Assistant Professor
Baby memorial college of allied Health science
Kozhikode
Our Partner Channel
Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology microbiology
#Medical
#Microbiology
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology malayalam lecturer
#Mallu Medicos Lounge
##MalluMedicosLounge
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Cryptococcosis also called as Torulosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It leads to compications such as fatal meningoencephalitis. It is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The PPT discuss on the morphology of the fungus, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
It is 2 of the three major genera on which they are responsible for dermatophytosis, hence they are called Dermatophytes. you can see here their basic background and different morphological characteristics.
This presentation was derived from Microbiology 4 books.
Bailley's Scott
Mahon
Alcamo
Jaweitz
Superficial Mycoses Mycology - Tinea Versicolor / Tinea Nigra/Piedra
For Downloading PDF note
As the channel name suggests, our channel will be a perfect lounge for the malayali medicos..we wil be covering videos which will be like lecture classes related to the subjects biochemistry and microbiology in which we are specialised.. It will be a better learning experience for the students especially for those who are not able to understand and follow the normal classes in college..we assure the students that you will get a basic idea regarding the topic and extra reading can be done from the reference textbooks..
Qualification
AHLAD T O
Maneesha M Joseph
MSc MLT (Microbiology)
Assistant Professor
Baby memorial college of allied Health science
Kozhikode
Our Partner Channel
Health & Voyage channel link - https://youtu.be/nzKqRVjlwc0
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology microbiology
#Medical
#Microbiology
#Superficial Mycoses Mycology malayalam lecturer
#Mallu Medicos Lounge
##MalluMedicosLounge
#MLT
#Tinea Versicolor
#Tinea Nigra
#Piedra
Cryptococcosis also called as Torulosis is a subacute or chronic fungal infection caused by Cryptococcus neoformans. It leads to compications such as fatal meningoencephalitis. It is an opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients. The PPT discuss on the morphology of the fungus, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.
Current updates of swine mycoplasma vaccinesMamta Singh
Current measures do not provide sustainable control of the disease, although they are beneficial from an economic point of view,efforts to develop a more effective vaccine against swine mycoplasma have been proposed and vaccines developed using recombinant DNA technology represents a viable alternative
Presented my Guest Lecture on the topic, "Infections in SICU and ICU" at MAHAMICROCON 2016 - XXII Maharashtra State Conference of Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists on 25th September in Dr. Vaishampayan Memorial Government Medical College, Solapur.
My Guest Lecture at "TROPACON 2011", 5th National Conference of Indian Academy of Tropical Parasitology, 11th-13th November, 2011 at Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Microsporum a pathogenic fungi Which comes under dermatophytes and cause ringworm infection and fungal infection on skin.
All the Introduction, morphological characteristics, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis and treatment given here.
If you want better understanding go on to mine YouTube channel linked below:
https://youtu.be/2wbsB8jxv6o
There you can find other more interesting topics related to microbiology.
Dermatophytes are molds (multicellular filaments of organisms) that require keratin for nutrition and must live on stratum corneum, hair, or nails to survive. Human infections are caused by Epidermophyton, Microspores, and Trichophyton species.
Others important fungi are included in this group
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Paracoccidioides barasiliensis
Coccidioides immitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
2. Introduction
Hair is one of the defining characters of
humans.
Fungi that causes infection of hair
- Trichosporon spp.
- Piedra Hortae
- Dermatophytes.
3. Piedra-
• Superficial infection of hair shaft.
• Often asymptomatic
• Piedra (spanish)- stone
• Two types-
• White piedra (Trichosporon spp.)
• Black piedra ( Piedra hortae)
4. White Piedra
Caused by yeast-like fungal species of genus
Trichosporon.
Present as branched hyphae & arthrospores both
within and around hair shaft.
Trichomycosis nodularis OR
Trichosporonosis nodosa.
Systemic infection- Trichosporonosis.
Was first described by Biegel in 1865.
6. Epidemology-
Inhabits in soil & human skin.
Has also been described in horses, monkeys,
dogs etc.
Affects temperate & tropical areas including
Eastern Europe, Asia, South America.
More common in Black people.
Incidence varies according to hair styling
fashion, social customs, hygienic conditions,
humidity.
7.
8. Pathogenesis & Pathology-
Infection starts just beneath cuticle following
damage.
Organism may grow inward & through shaft to
form nodular swellings spaced irregularly along
the axis.
Hair weakened at these point hence easily
breaks.
Growth occurs as collarette around hair shaft &
consist of mycelia that rapidly fragment into
arthrospores.
9.
10. Clinical features-
Soft, white, grayish or light brown nodules on
hair shaft.
Seen mainly on distal portion of facial &
axillary hair, beard, moustache, pubic hair
Pruritis, pain, inflammation.
Hair can be easily breaks. Mass can be easily
detached from shaft.
Infection may accompanied by bacteria like
corynebacterium.
13. Lab diagnosis-
Do not fluoresce on Wood’s Lamp examination.
On microscopy- fungus is seen like concretion that
are composed of hyphae & rectangular arthrospores
within & around hair. (KOH & LPCB)
Culture is done on SDA with chloramphenicol. Moist
yeast like cream colored colonies.
Assimilation of glucose, maltose, sucrose, galactose
& lactose.
Breaks down urea.
14.
15. Black Piedra
Is also nodular type of infection caused by Piedra
hortae.
Also called as ‘tinea nodosa’.
Mycology-
- Exists in a perfect state during colonisation.
- Family- Piedraiaceae
- Order- Dothideales
- Class- Pyrenomycetes.
- Phylum- Ascomycota.
16. Epidemology-
Found in tropical countries in warm & humid
climates.
Central & South America, Southeast Asia in
population where hair care is done with oily
substances.
Exists in soil. Affects humans & animals.
17. Pathogenesis and pathology-
Infection starts under cuticle of hair shaft with
stone hard, black nodule.
Fungal mass enlarge & grow outside the hair &
completely envelop the shaft.
Mature nodule in periphery composed of aligned
hyphal strands
Fungus destroys cuticular layers, cortex leads to
destruction of hair shaft & breakage of hair.
18.
19. Clinical features-
Formation of discrete, gritty, hard, brown black
nodules firmly attached to hair shaft.
Affect mainly hair of scalp.
Moustache, beard & pubic hair may be
affected.
Itching usually absent.
20. Lab Diagnosis-
Crushed brittle nodules on KOH mount.
Dark colored thick walled septate hyphae.
Culture on SDA with chloramphenicol,
glycerine & cycloheximide.
Slow growing, adherent, coal black,
cerebriform colonies.
LCB mount shows dark walled septate hyphae
with chlymydospores.
Microculture technique using DTM
21.
22. Treatment & prophylaxis-
Ideal T/t for both piedra is shaving off hair in
affected part.
May not feasible in women.
Oral azols × 3-4 weeks with topical antifungals ×
3-4 months
Topical azols, ciclopirox olamine, chlorhexidine
solution, amphotericin B lotion etc.
Terbinafine 250mg/day × 6 wks for Black piedra.
Good personal hygiene.
23. Dermatophytes causing Hair infection
Are most common types of cutaneous fungal
infections in humans affecting skin, hair & nail.
Also known by terms like ‘tinea’ OR ‘ringworm’.
Trichophyton Skin, Hair & Nails
Microsporum Skin & Hair
Epidermophyton Skin & Nails
24. Hair infections caused by dermatophytes-
Tinea capitis
Favus
Kerion
Tinea barbae
25. Tinea capitis-
Infection of shaft of scalp hair & present as
Inflammatory
Noninflammatory
Infected hairs appears dull & grey.
Base of hair shaft & follicle are involved.
Breakage of hair at follicular orifice which
creates patches of alopecia with ring
formation.
Clinical types
26. Kerion-
- Caused by T. verrucosum & T. mentagrophytes
- Severely painful inflammatory reaction producing
raised, boggy mass on scalp
- Follicles discharging pus, sinus formation at
multiple points
- Thick crusting with matting of adjuscent hairs.
- ‘Kerion celsi’
27. Favus (Tinea Favosa)
Caused by T. schoenleinii
Form cup like crusts around infected follicles.
Fungal growth within hair is
minimal which remains intact.
Patchy alopecia, scarring.
Black-dot
Caused by T. tonsurans & T. violaceum
Endothrix like invasion.
Breakage of hair near surface results in blackdot
appearance.
28. Ectothrix infections
• The arthrospores
appear as mosaic
sheath around hair
or on surface of hair
shaft.
• Cuticle remains
intact.
Endothrix infection
• Hyphae form
arthrospores within the
hair shaft
• Cuticle usually get
destroyed.
Ectothrix Endothrix
T.mentagrophytes T.schoenleinii
M.canis T.tonsurans
M.gypseum T.violaceum
M.audouinii T.Soudanense
T.verrucosum
T.Rubrum
29.
30. Tinea barbae
Caused by T.verrucosum, T.mentagrophyte,
M.canis
Ringworm infection of beard & moustache
areas
Also called as ‘Barber’s itch’.
Erythematous patches on face, scaling
Fragile & lusterless hair.
31. Diagnosis-
Clinical examination
History- age, occupation, hobbies, living
conditions, onset, duration & progress.
Lab diagnosis-
Microscopy
Isolation of fungus in culture
Serological tests
32. Direct examination-
KOH wet mount simple & reliable
Basal root portion of hair is taken by plucking & not by
clipping
Fungus is seen as branching hyaline mycelia with
arthrospore production
33. Wood lamp examination-
Principle
Flurescence produced mainly by microsporum & rarely
by trichophyton spp.
Microorganisms Fluorescence color
M.Audouinii Bright green
M.Canis Bright green
M.ferrogineum Blue green
M.gypseum Dull yellow
T.schoenleinii Dull yellow
Malessezia furfur Golden yellow
Coeynebacterium Coral red
34. Fungal culture-
SDA with cycloheximide incubated at 3 temp. i.e.
25˚C, 30 ˚C & 37 ˚C.
Colony morphology & LCB microscopy
DTM – dermatophytes turns medium into red color.
DIM- to avoide false positive results given by DTM
Species Colony morphology LCB mount
Trichophyton
spp.
Powdery, velvety, waxy with pigment Macroconidia- sparse,
pensil shaped with blunt
end
Microconidia-abundunt
Microsporum Cottony, velvety, powdery with white
to brown pigment
Macroconidia- abundunt,
spindle shaped, rough.
Microconidia- scanty
35. Immunodiagnosis
Skin test with dermatophytic Ag ‘trichphytin’.
Serological tests- immunodiffusion
PCR fingerprinting
Animal pathogenicity-
To study the nature of the lesion & immunity
produced by organisms.
36. Treatment & prophylaxis-
Topical antifungals
Oral griseofulvin 10mg/kg (for nail & scalp)
Or single dose 2gm in adults.
Micronised prepatrations.
Resistance
Itraconazole, fluconazole & terbinafine therapy for 12
weeks
‘Live spore vaccine’, killed cell vaccine & soluble
cytoplasmic extract for T. mentagrophyte.
Good personal hygiene.