A cladogram is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species by depicting lineages and their shared common ancestors. It represents groups of species that share a single common ancestor as clades. Derived characteristics are traits that evolved in a common ancestor and were passed down to its descendants, helping to determine how species are related on the cladogram. The example shows how to build a cladogram by determining which species share certain traits like legs, fur, being carnivorous, or having retractable claws.

1. Cladograms (pg 14)

2. Cladograms (pg 14)
• Clade = a group of species that share a single
common ancestor

3. Cladograms (pg 14)
• Clade = a group of species that share a single
common ancestor
• Cladogram = diagram that shows how species
are related to each other by showing
evolutionary lineages

4. Cladograms (pg 14)
• Clade = a group of species that share a single
common ancestor
• Cladogram = diagram that shows how species
are related to each other by showing
evolutionary lineages
• Derived characteristic = a trait that arose in
the common ancestor of a particular lineage
and was passed along to its decendants

5. How to Build a Cladogram
Lizard Rabbit Dog Cat
4 Legs
Fur
Carnivore
Retractable
claws

6. How to Build a Cladogram
Lizard Rabbit Dog Cat
4 Legs
X X X X
Fur
Carnivore
Retractable
claws

7. How to Build a Cladogram
Lizard Rabbit Dog Cat
4 Legs
X X X X
Fur
X X X
Carnivore
X X
Retractable
claws
X