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Taxonomic hierarchy

This document discusses the taxonomic hierarchy used for classifying organisms, specifically angiosperms. It explains that taxonomic hierarchy arranges organisms into successive levels from kingdom down to species. The main levels are kingdom, division, class, order, family, genus, and species. Major categories include division, class, and order, while minor categories are genus and species. The hierarchy allows grouping of organisms based on their diversity and helps classify plants into appropriate groups.

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M.Sc.II Sem - III Paper X- Taxonomy of Angiosperms Unit III Dr. Swati Pundkar Assistant Professor Department of Botany Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati.
Taxonomic hierarchy Taxonomic hierarchy is the process of arranging various organisms into successive levels of the biological classification either in a decreasing or an increasing order from kingdom to species and vice versa.” Each of this level of the hierarchy is called the taxonomic category or rank .
Kingdom is the highest level or rank of the classification. Example: Plantae Division is the next level of classification that consists of number of classes. Example: Magnoliophyta. Class consists of group of orders which share few similarities. Order includes group of families which show less similarities among them.
Family comprises a number of genera which share some similarities among them. Example: Asteraceae. Genus consist of multiple species which have similar characters but differ from the species of another genus. Example: Helianthus, Tridax. Species is the lowest of classification and shows the high level of similarities among the organisms. For example, Helianthus annuus and Helianthus tuberosus. These two species differ in their morphology. Both of them are herbs but Helianthus tuberosus is a perennial herb.
Advantages of Taxonomic hierarchy 1)Grouping of living organisms into different categories on the basis of degrees of diversity exhibited by them is possible. 2)Such classification helps one to refer a particular group of plants into appropriate classes. There are two main categories 1)Major Categories- Subdivision, Class, Order are together called Major categories 2) Minor Categories- Genus, Species, Variety are called Minor categories
Major categories Division Sub-division (ending with –eae) Class (-opsida) Sub-class (ideae) Order (-ales/-ae) Sub-order (-nieae) Family (-aceae)(except 9 families) Subfamily Minor categories Genus Sub-genus (Section,Sub-section,Series,Sub-series) Species
Infraspecific Categories- Any category below the rank of spices is Infraspecific category. Most commonly used categories of this group are sub- species, Variety and Forma.