This document discusses how to create cladograms, which are diagrams that show evolutionary relationships among organisms. It provides definitions for key terms like clade and derived characteristic. It also outlines the steps to build a cladogram: 1) create a table comparing characteristics of different organisms, 2) use a Venn diagram to group organisms based on shared characteristics, and 3) arrange the characteristics and organisms in a branching diagram to show evolutionary relationships. The overall objective is to analyze shared and derived traits to organize them into a cladogram.

1. Cladograms

2. Tuesday 3-28-17
Today you need
• Notebook – just 3 quick
definitions
• Something to write with
Objective
• Analyze shared and derived
characteristics and organize
them into a cladogram

3. As always dear students
• Key concepts are underlined
• New vocabulary terms are in green

4. Cladograms are diagrams that show the
evolutionary relationships among a
group of organisms.

5. This cladogram shows the evolutionary
relationship among several vertebrates.

6. • Clade =one branch on the diagram showing a
group of species that share a single common
ancestor
A clade
A common
ancestor of these
2 bears

7. • Derived characteristic = a trait that arose in
the common ancestor of a particular lineage
and was passed along to its descendants

8. When the derived character is above an
organism, the organism lacks that
derived character.

9. When the derived character is below the
organism, the organism possesses that
derived character.

11. How to Build a Cladogram
step 1 – make a table to compare characteristics
Lizard Rabbit Dog Cat
4 Legs
Fur
Carnivore
Retractable
claws

12. How to Build a Cladogram
step 1 – make a table to compare characteristics
Lizard Rabbit Dog Cat
4 Legs
Fur
Carnivore
Retractable
claws

13. How to Build a Cladogram
step 1 – make a table to compare characteristics
Lizard Rabbit Dog Cat
4 Legs
Fur
Carnivore
Retractable
claws

14. How to Build a Cladogram
step 1 – make a table to compare characteristics
Lizard Rabbit Dog Cat
4 Legs
Fur
Carnivore
Retractable
claws

15. Step 2: create a diagram to
compare characteristics
Venn Diagrams are helpful.
A.
B.
C. D.

16. • Four groups are represented by circular regions
• Regions that overlap, share common members.
• Regions that do not overlap do not have common
members.
A.
B.
C. D.

17. Matching:
Animals with 4 legs
4-legged animals with fur
Animals with fur that are carnivores
Carnivores with retractable claws
A
B
C
D
A.
B.
C.
D.

18. Step 3: arrange the characteristics and
organisms in a branching diagram

19. Practice