The document discusses various types of drawings used in civil engineering projects including line sketches, site plans, and building plans, sections, and elevations. It explains the purpose and components of each type of drawing. It also covers principles of building planning such as aspect, privacy, circulation, and flexibility. Key information included in drawings are setbacks, access points, room sizes, amenities, and structural specifications like stair details. Accuracy is important to avoid mistakes in civil engineering drawings.

1. Civil Engineering
Drawing

2. A Civil Engineer

4. Different Drawings
Line sketch
Plan, section &elevation
Site plan
Service plan

5. Line Sketch
• The first sketch
drawn
• Line representation
of building
• Free hand drawing
• Drawn in presence
of clients

6. Plan, Section & Elevation

7. Site plan
A site plan is a top view, bird’s eye view of a
property that is drawn to scale.
A site plan can show
 Property lines
 Outline of existing and proposed buildings and structures
 Distance between buildings
 Distance between buildings and property lines (setbacks)
 Parking lots, indicating parking spaces
 Driveways & acces
 Surrounding streets & widths
 Landscaped areas
 Easements
 Ground sign location
 Utilities

9. Plan, Section & Elevation

10. Plan

12. Sectional View

13. Reinforced Cement Concrete
Plain Cement Concrete
Brick Masonry
Earth Fill
HATCHINGS

14. elevation
• Perfect frontside view??

15. PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING PLANNING
• Architect prepares design of a building with the help
of the following principles of planning.
– Aspect
– Prospect
– Privacy
– Roominess
– Grouping
– Circulation
– Furniture requirement
– Flexibility
– Sanitation
– Elegance
– Economy

16. 1. ASPECT
SUN RAYS ADMITTED
INTO KITCHEN
ASPECT – EAST SIDE
EAST SIDE
KITCHEN
Disposition of doors and windows in the external walls –
occupants can enjoy the gifts of the nature viz; sun-shine, breeze,
view of landscape etc.

17. 2. PROSPECT
OUTSIDE GREENEARY
CANNOT BE SEEN FROM
INSIDE, HENCE NO PROSPECT
FLOWER BED
WINDOW AT
HIGHER LEVEL
OUTSIDE VIEW SEEN FROM
INSIDE OF THE ROOM

18. PROSPECT CONTD…
OUTSIDE GOOD
SCENES, GREENARY
CAN BE SEEN BY
SITTING INSIDE THE
ROOM, HENCE GOOD
PROSPECT
WINDOW TAKEN TO
LOWER LEVEL
FLOWER BED

19. 3. PRIVACY
Types of privacy:
(1) Privacy of all parts of building with reference to surrounding
buildings, roads etc.
This type of privacy can be achieved by--
– Growing plants, trees etc
– Providing high windows with respect to roads, grounds
etc.
(2) privacy of one room from another room:
This type of privacy can be achieved by—
– Carefully positioning of doors & windows
Exposure of the interior space / room to the visitors vision

20. Privacy depends on placement of
doors /window openings
OBSERVER
NO PRIVACY
MODERATE
PRIVACY
OBSERVER
MAX PRIVACY
OBSERVER

21. 4. ROOMINESS
1. Getting maximum benefit from minimum dimensions or space of
room
2. Rectangular shaped room gives feeling of more space than square
shaped room for the same area
LESS AREA
AVAILABLE
MORE AREA
AVAILABLE

22. 5. GROUPING
Arrangement of various rooms in relation with their functions
KIT
LIVING
DIN
BED
STAIR
S.
B.
KIT
LIVING
BED
DIN
STAIR
S.
B.
GOOD GROUPING
IMPROPER GROUPING

23. 6. CIRCULATION
1. Horizontal circulation – passages, corridors, verandahs etc.
2. Vertical circulation – stairs, lifts, escalators etc.
BAD CIRCULATION GOOD CIRCULATION
DOOR
DOOR
DOOR
HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
DOOR

25. 6. CIRCULATION CONTD…
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
STUDY KIT
BED VER
LIV
STUDY KIT
BED VER
LIV
BAD CIRCULATION WITH
OUTSIDE STAIR
GOOD CIRCULATION WITH
STAIR INSIDE
N

26. 7. FURNITURE REQUIREMENT
• Function of the Room decides the Furniture
requirement of that room
– Living hall – sofa set, teapoy, tv case, showcase, etc.
– Bed – single, double beds, dressing table, almirah etc.
– Dining – dinning table, chairs, cupboards etc.
• Knowing type of furniture the dimensions of the room
can be arrived at.

30. 8. FLEXIBILITY
To facilitate accommodation of changes in the plan of the
building in future if necessary
ROOM 1 ROOM 2
BIG HALL

31. 9. SANITATION
• LIGHTING
– NATURAL LIGHTING
– ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING
• VENTILATION
– NATURAL VENTILATION
– ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
• CLEANLINESS
• SANITARY PROVISIONS
– BATHS-ROOMS
– WATER CLOSETS
– LATRINES

32. 10. ELEGENCE
• ELEGANCE MEANS THE AESHTETIC VIEW OF THE
BUILDING OR THE BEAUTY OF THE BUILDING
• ELEGANCE OF THE BUILDING CAN BE ACHIEVED
BY
– INCREASING THE PLINTH HEIGHT OF
BUILDINGS
– TREATMENT OF EXTERIOR OF BUILDING –
SLOPING ROOF, PROJECTIONS ETC.

36. 11. ECONOMY
• MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM,
DOORS, WINDOWS,
• SIMPLE DESIGN OF WINDOWS,
• PROVIDING MINIMUM HEIGHT OF BUILDING
• AVOIDING PORCHES, LOBBIES ETC

37. BUILDING RULES

38. Contents of KMBR
( Kerala Municipality Building Rule)
Chapter 1: Definitions
Chapter 2: Permit
Chapter 3: Actions against unauthorized constructions
Chapter 4: General provision regarding site and building requirements
Chapter 5: Occupancy
Chapter 6: Parts of buildings
Chapter 7: Special provisions for certain occupancy building
Chapter 8: Buildings in small plots
Chapter 9: Row building
Chapter 10: Building construction under approved scheme
Chapter 11: Construction in plots part which have been surrendered for
. road development
Chapter 12: Accessory buildings and sheds
Chapter 13: Conversion of roofs and shutters
Chapter 14: Wall & Fence

39. Contents of KMBR….cntd
• Chapter 15: Special provision for certain constructions
• Chapter 16: Wells
• Chapter 16A:Rain water harvesting
• Chapter 17: Safety provision for high rise building
• Chapter 18: Huts
• Chapter 19: Telecommunication towers
• Chapter 20: Regulation of unpermitted construction & deviations
• Chapter 21: Registration of architects, building designers,
engineers, . town planners, supervisors… etc.
• Chapter 22: Art & Heritage commission
• Chapter 23: Vigilance, dangerous, and defective work, appeal, etc.

40. • Setbacks
• acces
• Room sizes
• Number of amenities
• Specification for structures(stair…etc)

41. • Setbacks
• acces
• Room sizes
• Number of amenities
• Specification for structures(stair…etc)

42. • Setbacks
• acces
• Room sizes
• Number of amenities
• Specification for structures(stair…etc)

43. • Setbacks
• acces
• Room sizes
• Number of amenities
• Specification for structures(stair…etc)

45. Sloped Roof
How to draw roofline of sloped roof in plan

59. Can you try this now?

66. Stair-room design
Room height(3m)
Slab thick(0.2m)
Total ht(3.2m)

67. Staircase design….
• Assume a height for rise (say .134m)
• Find number of rise required,
no. of rise = 3.2/.134 = 23.88
~ 24
• Number of treads= (no. of rise in one flight –
1)
• Select staircase best suit to the conditions

68. Dog legged stair
0.30 m
3.3 m
1.0 m
1.2 m 1.2 m
0.3m
2.7 m
4.3 m
0.30 m
0.30 m
0.30 m
0.30 m
0.30 m
Stair room
2.7m X 4.3m

69. • Perspective view
• Which is good to know the beauty of a
structures

74. Drawing Mistakes?

75. Thank You
mmsalim@gmail.com