2. BUILDING PLANNING
DEFINITION OF BUILDING:
Building is a structure.
It is a shelter of permanent nature.
Used for human habitation and several other purposes.
TYPES OF BUILDINGS:
PRIVATE BUILDINGS (RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS)
Bungalows, flats or apartments, dormitories, chawls, rest
houses.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Offices, banks, hospitals, temples, cinema theatres etc.
PLANNING – Pre-thinking and pre-arranging the things before
an event takes place in order to get satisfactory results.
3. BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
BUILDING PLANNING:
Art of designing functionally sound,
convenient and also economically viable
structure by skillfully arranging units of the
building.
Simply constructing units/rooms of suitable
dimensions will not produce comfortable,
convenient and elegant structure.
4. BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
The planning of various units should be such that it-
Satisfies completely the functional requirements of
the owner and user,
Takes into account the future growth and future
requirements and
Is structurally stable.
The structure not only looks elegant, but also proves to
be economical in the long run by making best use of
surrounding environment and locally available
materials..
5. CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING – NOT A
JOB OF SINGLE PERSON.
IT IS A TEAM WORK.
SEVERAL AGENCIES / PERSONNELS ARE
INVOLVED – BUILDING INDUSTRY
BUILDING – A FINISHED PRODUCT OF
BUILDING INDUSTRY
6. BUILDING / CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
AGENCIES INVOLVED IN BUILDING INDUSTRY:
OWNER
ARCHITECT - Responsible for functional design
CONTRACTOR
SITE ENGIEER
CIVIL ENGINEER – Responsible for execution of the work
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
SPECIALIST FIRMS
BUILDING SUPERVISOR
BUILDER
MATERIAL SUPPLIER
ARBITRATOR
7. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING
When a person intends to construct a
building he approaches an architect and
assigns the work of preparing plans of the
proposed building to him.
The architect considers the following points
while planning.
(1) Requirements of the Owner
(2) Scope of the Building (Purpose)
(3) Shape and Size of the Plot
(4) Building Byelaws, Rules and Regulations &
then….
(5) Principles of Building Planning
8. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
(1) Requirements of the owner:
The requirements of owner differ based on
their profession.
In addition to the usual requirements of living
room, kitchen etc.
A professor : Study room
Doctor : Dispensary.
Advocate : Office
9. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
(2) The scope of the proposed building:
Scope - purpose of the building.
a residential building,
a hospital building,
a school building or bank building.
The facilities to be provided will be different for
different types of buildings.
Accordingly the layout will be changed.
Different layouts for different buildings.
Compact layout – Bank Building / Residential
Buildings
Spread up Layout – Public Buildings.
11. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD..
(3) Building Site:
(i) The planning and designing of buildings depends on
plot size and Shape.
PLOT PLOT
BUILDING
BUILDING
ROAD ROAD
12. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
(ii) General Configuration of ground (i.e. nature of
the ground):
If the site/plot is sloping, then advantage of the
slope is derived by providing car park.
The building will be on stilts and car park
below it.
(iii) Nature of foundation:
The foundation rests on hard-strata.
If black cotton soil is there upto 3m depth,
then it is beneficial to provide basement.
(3) Building Site Contd..:
13. PROCESS OF BUILDING PLANNING CONTD…
(4) Building regulations and bye-laws:
The architect has to observe the rules
framed by the local authority i.e.
Municipal Corporation
or Municipality.
Grampanchayat (District Collector)
14. PRINCIPLES OF BUILDING PLANNING
Then architect prepares design of a building with
the help of the following principles of planning.
Aspect
Prospect
Privacy
Roominess
Grouping
Circulation
Furniture requirement
Flexibility
Sanitation
Elegance
Economy and practical consideration
16. 1. ASPECT
SUN RAYS ADMITTED
INTO KITCHEN
ASPECT – EAST SIDE
EAST SIDE
KITCHEN
Disposition of doors and windows in the external walls – occupants
can enjoy the gifts of the nature viz; sun-shine, breeze, veiw of
landscape etc.
17. ASPECTS FOR DIFFERENT ROOMS
BED
ROOMS
WEST
KITCHEN
EAST
STUDY ROOM
STORE
STAIR CASE
NORTH
LIVING,
VERANDAH
SOUTH
18. 2. PROSPECT
OUTSIDE GREENEARY CANNOT
BE SEEN FROM INSIDE, HENCE
NO PROSPECT
FLOWER BED
WINDOW AT
HIGHER LEVEL
OUTSIDE VIEW SEEN FROM
INSIDE OF THE ROOM
19. PROSPECT CONTD…
OUTSIDE GOOD
SCENES, GREENARY
CAN BE SEEN BY
SITTING INSIDE THE
ROOM, HENCE GOOD
PROSPECT
WINDOW TAKEN TO
LOWER LEVEL
FLOWER BED
21. 3. PRIVACY
TYPES OF PRIVACY:
(1) PRIVACY OF ALL PARTS OF BUILDING WITH REFERENCE TO
SURROUNDING BUILDINGS, ROADS ETC.
THIS TYPE OF PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY--
GROWING PLANTS, TREES ETC
PROVIDING HIGH WINDOWS WITH RESPECT TO
ROADS, GROUNDS ETC.
(2) PRIVACY OF ONE ROOM FROM ANOTHER ROOM:
THIS TYPE OF PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY—
CAREFULLY POSITIONING OF DOORS & WINDOWS
EXPOSURE OF THE INTERIOR SPACE / ROOM TO THE
VISITORS VISION
22. PRIVACY DEPENDS ON PLACEMENT OF
DOORS /WINDOW OPENINGS
OBSERVER
NO PRIVACY
MODERATE
PRIVACY
OBSERVER
MAX PRIVACY
OBSERVER
23. PRIVACY CONTD…
INTERNAL PRIVACY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY
PROVIDING CURTAINS
PROVIDING SCREENS
AVOIDING WINDOWS IN INTERIOR
WALLS OF THE ROOM
24. 4. ROOMINESS
1. GETTING MAXIMUM BENEFIT FROM MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OR SPACE
OF ROOM
2. RECTANGULAR SHAPED ROOM GIVES FEELING OF MORE SPACE
THAN SQUARE SHAPED ROOM FOR THE SAME AREA
LESS AREA
AVAILABLE
MORE AREA
AVAILABLE
25. 5. GROUPING
ARRANGEMENT OF VARIOUS ROOMS IN RELATION WITH THEIRFUNCTIONS
KIT
LIVING
DIN
BED
STAIR
S.
B.
KIT
LIVING
BED
DIN
STAIR
S.
B.
GOOD GROUPING
IMPROPER GROUPING
26. 6. CIRCULATION
1. HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION – PASSAGES, CORRIDORS,
VERANDAHS ETC.
2. VERTICAL CIRCULATION – STAIRS, LIFTS, ESCALATORS ETC.
BAD CIRCULATION GOOD CIRCULATION
DOOR
DOOR
DOOR
HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION
27. 6. CIRCULATION CONTD…
VERTICAL CIRCULATION
STUDY KIT
BED VER
LIV
STUDY KIT
BED VER
LIV
BAD CIRCULATION WITH
OUTSIDE STAIR
GOOD CIRCULATION WITH
STAIR INSIDE
N
28. 7. FURNITURE REQUIREMENT
FUNCTION OF THE ROOM DECIDES THE
FURNITURE REQUIREMENT OF THAT ROOM
LIV HALL – SOFA SET, TEAPOY, TV CASE, SHOWCASE,
DIWAN ETC.
BED – SINGLE, DOUBLE BEDS, DRESSING TABLE,
ALMIRAH ETC.
DINING – DINNING TABLE, CHAIRS, CUPBOARDS ETC.
KNOWING TYPE OF FURNITURE THE DIMENSIONS
OF THE ROOM CAN BE ARRIVED AT.
29. 8. FLEXIBILITY
TO FACILITATE ACCOMODATION OF CHANGES IN THE PLAN
OF THE BUILDING IN FUTURE IF NECESSARY
ROOM 1 ROOM 2
BIG HALL
31. 10. ELEGENCE
ELEGANCE MEANS THE AESHTETIC VIEW OF
THE BUILDING OR THE BEAUTY OF THE
BUILDING
ELEGANCE OF THE BUILDING CAN BE
ACHIEVED BY
INCREASING THE PLINTH HEIGHT OF
BUILDINGS
TREATMENT OF EXTERIOR OF BUILDING
– SLOPING ROOF, PROJECTIONS ETC.
33. 11. ECONOMY
MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF THE ROOM,
DOORS, WINDOWS,
SIMPLE DESIGN OF WINDOWS,
PROVIDING MINIMUM HEIGHT OF
BUILDING
AVOIDING PORCHES, LOBBIES ETC
34. BUILDING BYE-LAWS
(RULES & REGULATIONS)
THE LOCAL LAW FRAMED BY THE AUTHORITY.
AUTHORITIES:
1. MUNICIPAL CORPORATION
2. MUNICIAPLITY / MUNICIPAL COUNCIL
3. GRAMPANCHAYAT (DISTRICT COLLECTOR)
35. NECESSITY OF BYE-LAWS
TO GIVE GUIDE LINES TO THE DESIGNER,
ARCHITECT OR ENGINEER
AVOID HAPHAZARD GROWTH OF HOUSES
TO CHECK UN-AUTHORISED CONSTRUCTIONS
TO AFFORD SAFETY
36. BUILDING BYE-LAWS….
BUILDING AND CONTROL LINES
OPEN SPACE REQUIREMENTS
BUILT-UP AREAS
FLOOR SPACE INDEX (FSI / FAR)
HEIGHT OF BUILDING
37. BUILDING LINE AND CONTROL LINE
BUILDING
LINE
CONTROL
LINE
RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS
PUBLIC BUILDINGS
ROAD
TYPE OF ROAD BUILDING LINE CONTROL LINE
NH, SH 30M 45M
MDR 15M 24M
ODR 9M 15M
VILLAGE ROAD 9M 15M
38. OPEN SPACES AROUND BUILDINGS
HT OF
BUILDING
5 6 9 12 15 18 20 24
WIDTH OF
OPEN SPACE, M
3 3.3 4 4.7 5.4 6.1 7.4 9
ROAD
BUILDING
PLOT
OPEN SP
39. BUILT-UP AREAS
AREA OF THE PLOT PERMISSIBLE BUILT-UP
AREA WITH 2-STOREYED
STRUCTURE
< 200 SqM 60%
200 SqM TO 500SqM 50%
500 SqM TO 1000 SqM 40%
>1000 SqM 33.33%
40. FLOOR SPACE INDEX
TOTAL BUILT-UO AREA OF ALL FLOORS
TOTAL PLOT AREA
F.S.I. =
LESS NO
OF
FLOORS
MORE NO
OF
FLOORS
41. HEIGHT OF BUILDING
WIDTH OF ROAD MAX HT OF BUILDING
UPTO 8M NOT MORE THAN 1.5W
8M TO 12M NOT MORE THAN 12M
>12M NOT MORE THAN WIDTH OF
ROAD AND NOT MORE THAN
21M
LIMITS ON HEIGHT OF BUILDINGS
