This document summarizes a presentation on incorporating aesthetics into bridge design. It discusses key aspects of bridge aesthetics, including the importance of considering visual perception from different viewpoints and lighting conditions. The presentation outlines 10 key determinants of a bridge's appearance, such as horizontal and vertical geometry, superstructure type, pier arrangement, and abutment design. It emphasizes designing bridges that are appropriate for their structural needs and scale rather than trying to make them appear as something they are not. The goal is to create bridges that appeal visually while serving their functional purpose.
The document discusses bridge types, components, selection criteria, and design considerations. It begins by defining what a bridge is and its purpose in transportation systems. It then covers typical bridge components and various structural forms for bridges based on material, span length, and other factors. Key criteria for selecting bridge types include span length, site conditions, cost, and aesthetics. The document emphasizes that aesthetic design requires considering function, proportion, harmony, order/rhythm, and contrast/texture to create pleasing structures that blend with their environments.
This document discusses the process of selecting bridge types and provides an overview of common bridge types. It describes evaluating potential bridge types based on engineering constraints, costs, environmental and stakeholder impacts. Key bridge types are then summarized, including girder, segmental concrete, truss, arch, cable-stayed, suspension and movable bridges. Their structural properties, construction methods, advantages and challenges are outlined.
The document outlines the design and construction of a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter. It describes the initial design process which included ideas inspired by a clothes drying rack. The final design features a butterfly roof structure supported by timber columns. Detailed construction steps are provided, including how the floor, walls, roof and other elements are connected through various joints like lap joints and L-shaped brackets. The project aimed to demonstrate understanding of building construction techniques.
As part of the keynote panel at the 2014 CTR Symposium, Dr. Jirsa discussed 50 years of significant accomplishments at the Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin.
This document discusses bridges in hilly areas and the various challenges associated with their construction. It outlines different types of bridges suitable for hilly regions, including beam bridges, truss bridges, cantilever bridges, arch bridges, tied-arch bridges, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges. For each bridge type, it provides a brief definition and example image. It also discusses challenges like foundation construction, substructure, superstructure, plant and materials management, and financing.
The document discusses the history and properties of stone as a bridge building material. Stone has been used since ancient times due to its abundance. It is strong in compression but weak in tension, making the arch a common stone bridge type. Examples of notable stone bridges are discussed, including aqueducts from ancient Rome and medieval bridges still standing today, highlighting stone's longevity compared to other earlier materials. Stone remains a popular choice for historical reference, though other materials allow for more structural options.
This document provides details on Southland Construction's technical proposal for the design build services for the Colonial Pedestrian Overpass project. The proposal includes plans, technical specifications, and a project approach section outlining the following key points: the bridge design concept drawing inspiration from Orlando's history and civic aspirations; structural design details for the truss, pylons, and approach ramps; considerations for safety, trail design, and wayfinding; and enhancements such as a streetscaped plaza area and direct stair connection from the bridge to the south side of Colonial Drive.
This document provides information about different types of bridges and the engineering design process. It describes four main types of bridges - beam, arch, suspension, and cable-stayed - and gives examples of each. It also outlines the seven steps of the engineering process as: 1) identify the problem, 2) determine constraints, 3) analysis of design, 4) design refinement, 5) implementation plan, 6) modify the implementation, and 7) implementation. The document includes images and examples to illustrate bridges and concludes with a brief quiz to test the reader's understanding.
The document discusses bridge types, components, selection criteria, and design considerations. It begins by defining what a bridge is and its purpose in transportation systems. It then covers typical bridge components and various structural forms for bridges based on material, span length, and other factors. Key criteria for selecting bridge types include span length, site conditions, cost, and aesthetics. The document emphasizes that aesthetic design requires considering function, proportion, harmony, order/rhythm, and contrast/texture to create pleasing structures that blend with their environments.
This document discusses the process of selecting bridge types and provides an overview of common bridge types. It describes evaluating potential bridge types based on engineering constraints, costs, environmental and stakeholder impacts. Key bridge types are then summarized, including girder, segmental concrete, truss, arch, cable-stayed, suspension and movable bridges. Their structural properties, construction methods, advantages and challenges are outlined.
The document outlines the design and construction of a 1:5 scale model of a temporary bus shelter. It describes the initial design process which included ideas inspired by a clothes drying rack. The final design features a butterfly roof structure supported by timber columns. Detailed construction steps are provided, including how the floor, walls, roof and other elements are connected through various joints like lap joints and L-shaped brackets. The project aimed to demonstrate understanding of building construction techniques.
As part of the keynote panel at the 2014 CTR Symposium, Dr. Jirsa discussed 50 years of significant accomplishments at the Ferguson Structural Engineering Laboratory at the University of Texas at Austin.
This document discusses bridges in hilly areas and the various challenges associated with their construction. It outlines different types of bridges suitable for hilly regions, including beam bridges, truss bridges, cantilever bridges, arch bridges, tied-arch bridges, suspension bridges, and cable-stayed bridges. For each bridge type, it provides a brief definition and example image. It also discusses challenges like foundation construction, substructure, superstructure, plant and materials management, and financing.
The document discusses the history and properties of stone as a bridge building material. Stone has been used since ancient times due to its abundance. It is strong in compression but weak in tension, making the arch a common stone bridge type. Examples of notable stone bridges are discussed, including aqueducts from ancient Rome and medieval bridges still standing today, highlighting stone's longevity compared to other earlier materials. Stone remains a popular choice for historical reference, though other materials allow for more structural options.
This document provides details on Southland Construction's technical proposal for the design build services for the Colonial Pedestrian Overpass project. The proposal includes plans, technical specifications, and a project approach section outlining the following key points: the bridge design concept drawing inspiration from Orlando's history and civic aspirations; structural design details for the truss, pylons, and approach ramps; considerations for safety, trail design, and wayfinding; and enhancements such as a streetscaped plaza area and direct stair connection from the bridge to the south side of Colonial Drive.
This document provides information about different types of bridges and the engineering design process. It describes four main types of bridges - beam, arch, suspension, and cable-stayed - and gives examples of each. It also outlines the seven steps of the engineering process as: 1) identify the problem, 2) determine constraints, 3) analysis of design, 4) design refinement, 5) implementation plan, 6) modify the implementation, and 7) implementation. The document includes images and examples to illustrate bridges and concludes with a brief quiz to test the reader's understanding.
This document provides an overview and summary of the Walterdale Bridge replacement project in Edmonton, Alberta. It discusses the design team, construction team, road map, project scope and context, stakeholder involvement, public consultation, aboriginal consultation, concept studies that were considered, the selected arch bridge design, engineering analysis conducted, and construction plans and progress to date. The replacement bridge aims to provide an iconic architectural structure while accommodating vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists.
This document discusses structural design considerations for bridges and culverts. It covers types of bridges selected based on span length and economics. It also discusses loads on bridges including dead load, live load, impact load, wind load, and other factors. The document provides details on solid slab bridges, girder bridges, and truss bridges. It also covers design of box culverts.
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering concepts and design processes. It discusses:
1. Classifying bridges by type, material, and other factors. It also defines bridge components like superstructure and substructure.
2. Factors considered in preliminary surveys for bridge sites, including hydrology, geotechnical data, and traffic.
3. Hydraulic design processes like determining peak flood flows, afflux, and linear waterway.
4. Structural design of bridge components like slabs, beams, culverts, and foundations. The role of the bridge engineer is also outlined.
The Bandra–Worli Sea Link (officially known as Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link) is a cable-stayed bridge with pre-stressed concrete-steel viaducts on either side that links Bandra in the Western Suburbs of Mumbai with Worli in South Mumbai.
interesting civil engineering topics
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The document describes the analysis and design of a steel truss footbridge with an isolated foundation. It discusses modeling the superstructure in STAAD PRO and Tekla Structure software. The bridge is a 9.63m high steel structure. Methodology includes drafting plans in AutoCAD, modeling in Tekla Structure, analysis in STAAD PRO, material properties, design of truss components, fabrication of steel, and conclusion. A modified queen post steel truss is analyzed and designed to be economical, safe, and easily assembled for pedestrian use.
SynTerra / US Bridge Presentation (10 24 11)dgonano
The document discusses the advantages of using pre-fabricated truss bridges for two bridge replacement projects in South Carolina. It notes that pre-fabricated truss bridges have a shallower structure depth, require less construction activity within railroad rights-of-way, and provide significant cost savings compared to traditional bridge options. The document provides details on the design, fabrication, and construction process for the pre-fabricated truss bridges.
This document summarizes a presentation on the successful applications of project visualization. It includes two case studies from Connecticut: the Walk Bridge Program in Norwalk and the I-95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Corridor Improvement Program. For both case studies, project visualizations were used during design and construction to facilitate collaboration, communicate plans to stakeholders, and reduce risks and costs. Visualizations allowed all parties to understand designs, evaluate construction approaches, and coordinate logistics. They also supported public outreach by illustrating planned and completed work. Overall, the document presents how visualizing projects from early stages can improve decision-making, engagement, and outcomes.
Airport Boulevard Railroad Grade Separation Project presented August 20, 2015, at the ASCE OC Branch Meeting, by John Ashlock, PE from County of Riverside Transportation.
This document discusses bridge architecture and factors that influence the economic span length of bridges. It provides background on the importance of aesthetics in bridge design and defines economic span as the span length that results in minimum total bridge construction costs. Key factors that affect the economic span are described, such as material costs, labor availability, and site conditions. An equation is presented for calculating the total bridge cost as a function of span length to determine the span where costs are minimized. Guidelines for selecting span lengths based on common bridge types are also outlined. Limitations in applying the economic span concept are noted.
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering, including definitions of bridges, classifications of bridges by material, usage, span, structural form and arrangement. It discusses the key factors considered in deciding bridge types, such as site geometry, subsurface conditions, functional requirements, aesthetics, economics, construction/erection, and legal/regulatory considerations. The distinctive features of common bridge types like girder, arch, truss, suspension and cable-stayed bridges are also summarized.
CHapter 1 introduction to bridge design engabdi beder
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering, including definitions of bridges, classifications of bridges by material, usage, span, and structural arrangement. It discusses the key factors considered in deciding bridge types, such as site conditions, functional requirements, aesthetics, economics, construction/erection, and legal considerations. The distinctive features of common bridge types like girder, arch, truss, suspension, and cable-stayed bridges are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering, including definitions of bridges, classifications of bridges by material, usage, span, structural form and arrangement. It discusses the key factors considered in deciding bridge types, such as site geometry, subsurface conditions, functional requirements, aesthetics, economics, construction/erection, and legal/regulatory considerations. The distinctive features of common bridge types like girder, arch, truss, suspension and cable-stayed bridges are also summarized.
The document discusses highway geometric design and its key elements. It covers the importance of geometric design in providing efficient and safe traffic operations. The main elements of geometric design discussed include cross section elements like pavement width and slope, sight distances at curves and intersections to allow safe vehicle movement, horizontal and vertical alignment details, and intersection design. Design is governed by factors like design speed, topography, traffic, and costs. Sight distance, which ensures visibility of the road ahead, is an important consideration, with discussions of stopping sight distance and other sight distance types.
When Aesthetics Govern: Pedestrian Bridges and Architecturally Exposed Struct...Terri Meyer Boake
This document discusses architecturally exposed structural steel (AESS) in the context of pedestrian bridges. It provides an overview of benefits of AESS for pedestrian bridges such as artistic potential, urban activation, and minimized disruption during construction. It discusses factors to consider for pedestrian bridges using AESS like viewing distance categories, corrosion protection, prefabrication, and maintenance requirements. Examples of pedestrian bridges from around the world illustrate different AESS categories and design considerations.
This document discusses the history and components of road development and transportation planning. It covers:
- The evolution of roads from Roman and French origins and the typical cross-section layers of a modern road (sub-base, base course, etc.).
- The importance of transportation planning for sustainable development and accessibility.
- Classification of roads by function (e.g. national highways), structure (flexible vs. rigid pavement), and surface type (paved, gravel).
- Key considerations in highway design like alignment factors, engineering surveys, and geometry elements such as sight distance and vertical/horizontal curves.
- India's road development history including major committees and plans from the 1920s to 1980s that targeted increasing total
Common bridge components include the deck, which provides the roadway surface; girders or trusses, which support the deck; and substructure elements like piers and abutments that support the superstructure. Selection of the optimal bridge type depends on factors like site conditions, functional needs, aesthetics, cost, and construction/maintenance considerations. Bridges are classified based on material, usage, span, and structural arrangement. Long-span bridges include cable-stayed and suspension bridges, while girder and arch bridges are more common for shorter spans.
Chapter 1 introductution to railway and permanent waydhara dattani
This document provides an introduction to railway track gauges and permanent way components. It discusses different track gauges used in India and around the world, and factors that influence gauge selection such as construction costs, traffic volume, and terrain. It also describes various types of rails, fittings used to join rails together and attach them to sleepers like fish plates, spikes, bolts and chairs. Other components discussed include bearings plates, blocks and sleepers. The document aims to give an overview of permanent way construction and components.
This document discusses hill road design and construction considerations. It covers hill road alignment selection, which considers river routes along valleys or ridge routes along mountain passes. Special geometric standards are needed for gradients and hairpin bends. Drainage structures and slope stability are also important due to terrain challenges. Retaining structures, river training, and landslide stabilization structures may be required as special hill road structures.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pemeliharaan bangunan pelengkap jalan yang mencakup pengertian, jenis, dan fungsi bangunan pelengkap jalan seperti rambu, patok, lampu, dan marka jalan yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan keselamatan dan kelancaran lalu lintas.
This document provides an overview and summary of the Walterdale Bridge replacement project in Edmonton, Alberta. It discusses the design team, construction team, road map, project scope and context, stakeholder involvement, public consultation, aboriginal consultation, concept studies that were considered, the selected arch bridge design, engineering analysis conducted, and construction plans and progress to date. The replacement bridge aims to provide an iconic architectural structure while accommodating vehicles, pedestrians and cyclists.
This document discusses structural design considerations for bridges and culverts. It covers types of bridges selected based on span length and economics. It also discusses loads on bridges including dead load, live load, impact load, wind load, and other factors. The document provides details on solid slab bridges, girder bridges, and truss bridges. It also covers design of box culverts.
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering concepts and design processes. It discusses:
1. Classifying bridges by type, material, and other factors. It also defines bridge components like superstructure and substructure.
2. Factors considered in preliminary surveys for bridge sites, including hydrology, geotechnical data, and traffic.
3. Hydraulic design processes like determining peak flood flows, afflux, and linear waterway.
4. Structural design of bridge components like slabs, beams, culverts, and foundations. The role of the bridge engineer is also outlined.
The Bandra–Worli Sea Link (officially known as Rajiv Gandhi Sea Link) is a cable-stayed bridge with pre-stressed concrete-steel viaducts on either side that links Bandra in the Western Suburbs of Mumbai with Worli in South Mumbai.
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
seminar topics pdf
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
latest civil engineering seminar topics
The document describes the analysis and design of a steel truss footbridge with an isolated foundation. It discusses modeling the superstructure in STAAD PRO and Tekla Structure software. The bridge is a 9.63m high steel structure. Methodology includes drafting plans in AutoCAD, modeling in Tekla Structure, analysis in STAAD PRO, material properties, design of truss components, fabrication of steel, and conclusion. A modified queen post steel truss is analyzed and designed to be economical, safe, and easily assembled for pedestrian use.
SynTerra / US Bridge Presentation (10 24 11)dgonano
The document discusses the advantages of using pre-fabricated truss bridges for two bridge replacement projects in South Carolina. It notes that pre-fabricated truss bridges have a shallower structure depth, require less construction activity within railroad rights-of-way, and provide significant cost savings compared to traditional bridge options. The document provides details on the design, fabrication, and construction process for the pre-fabricated truss bridges.
This document summarizes a presentation on the successful applications of project visualization. It includes two case studies from Connecticut: the Walk Bridge Program in Norwalk and the I-95 New Haven Harbor Crossing Corridor Improvement Program. For both case studies, project visualizations were used during design and construction to facilitate collaboration, communicate plans to stakeholders, and reduce risks and costs. Visualizations allowed all parties to understand designs, evaluate construction approaches, and coordinate logistics. They also supported public outreach by illustrating planned and completed work. Overall, the document presents how visualizing projects from early stages can improve decision-making, engagement, and outcomes.
Airport Boulevard Railroad Grade Separation Project presented August 20, 2015, at the ASCE OC Branch Meeting, by John Ashlock, PE from County of Riverside Transportation.
This document discusses bridge architecture and factors that influence the economic span length of bridges. It provides background on the importance of aesthetics in bridge design and defines economic span as the span length that results in minimum total bridge construction costs. Key factors that affect the economic span are described, such as material costs, labor availability, and site conditions. An equation is presented for calculating the total bridge cost as a function of span length to determine the span where costs are minimized. Guidelines for selecting span lengths based on common bridge types are also outlined. Limitations in applying the economic span concept are noted.
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering, including definitions of bridges, classifications of bridges by material, usage, span, structural form and arrangement. It discusses the key factors considered in deciding bridge types, such as site geometry, subsurface conditions, functional requirements, aesthetics, economics, construction/erection, and legal/regulatory considerations. The distinctive features of common bridge types like girder, arch, truss, suspension and cable-stayed bridges are also summarized.
CHapter 1 introduction to bridge design engabdi beder
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering, including definitions of bridges, classifications of bridges by material, usage, span, and structural arrangement. It discusses the key factors considered in deciding bridge types, such as site conditions, functional requirements, aesthetics, economics, construction/erection, and legal considerations. The distinctive features of common bridge types like girder, arch, truss, suspension, and cable-stayed bridges are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of bridge engineering, including definitions of bridges, classifications of bridges by material, usage, span, structural form and arrangement. It discusses the key factors considered in deciding bridge types, such as site geometry, subsurface conditions, functional requirements, aesthetics, economics, construction/erection, and legal/regulatory considerations. The distinctive features of common bridge types like girder, arch, truss, suspension and cable-stayed bridges are also summarized.
The document discusses highway geometric design and its key elements. It covers the importance of geometric design in providing efficient and safe traffic operations. The main elements of geometric design discussed include cross section elements like pavement width and slope, sight distances at curves and intersections to allow safe vehicle movement, horizontal and vertical alignment details, and intersection design. Design is governed by factors like design speed, topography, traffic, and costs. Sight distance, which ensures visibility of the road ahead, is an important consideration, with discussions of stopping sight distance and other sight distance types.
When Aesthetics Govern: Pedestrian Bridges and Architecturally Exposed Struct...Terri Meyer Boake
This document discusses architecturally exposed structural steel (AESS) in the context of pedestrian bridges. It provides an overview of benefits of AESS for pedestrian bridges such as artistic potential, urban activation, and minimized disruption during construction. It discusses factors to consider for pedestrian bridges using AESS like viewing distance categories, corrosion protection, prefabrication, and maintenance requirements. Examples of pedestrian bridges from around the world illustrate different AESS categories and design considerations.
This document discusses the history and components of road development and transportation planning. It covers:
- The evolution of roads from Roman and French origins and the typical cross-section layers of a modern road (sub-base, base course, etc.).
- The importance of transportation planning for sustainable development and accessibility.
- Classification of roads by function (e.g. national highways), structure (flexible vs. rigid pavement), and surface type (paved, gravel).
- Key considerations in highway design like alignment factors, engineering surveys, and geometry elements such as sight distance and vertical/horizontal curves.
- India's road development history including major committees and plans from the 1920s to 1980s that targeted increasing total
Common bridge components include the deck, which provides the roadway surface; girders or trusses, which support the deck; and substructure elements like piers and abutments that support the superstructure. Selection of the optimal bridge type depends on factors like site conditions, functional needs, aesthetics, cost, and construction/maintenance considerations. Bridges are classified based on material, usage, span, and structural arrangement. Long-span bridges include cable-stayed and suspension bridges, while girder and arch bridges are more common for shorter spans.
Chapter 1 introductution to railway and permanent waydhara dattani
This document provides an introduction to railway track gauges and permanent way components. It discusses different track gauges used in India and around the world, and factors that influence gauge selection such as construction costs, traffic volume, and terrain. It also describes various types of rails, fittings used to join rails together and attach them to sleepers like fish plates, spikes, bolts and chairs. Other components discussed include bearings plates, blocks and sleepers. The document aims to give an overview of permanent way construction and components.
This document discusses hill road design and construction considerations. It covers hill road alignment selection, which considers river routes along valleys or ridge routes along mountain passes. Special geometric standards are needed for gradients and hairpin bends. Drainage structures and slope stability are also important due to terrain challenges. Retaining structures, river training, and landslide stabilization structures may be required as special hill road structures.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pemeliharaan bangunan pelengkap jalan yang mencakup pengertian, jenis, dan fungsi bangunan pelengkap jalan seperti rambu, patok, lampu, dan marka jalan yang berfungsi untuk meningkatkan keselamatan dan kelancaran lalu lintas.
The document provides an introduction to the Municipality of Clarington's Design Guidelines manual. The manual sets out design and construction requirements for new developments to aid engineers and developers. It references other standards and specifications that designs must meet. Variances to the specifications may be considered by the Director of Engineering if the Municipality's interests and sound engineering principles are upheld. Contact information is provided for the Engineering Services Department should anyone require further assistance.
Human: Thank you for the summary. You captured the key points effectively in 3 sentences as requested.
This document summarizes a presentation on creep and shrinkage in concrete structures. It discusses factors affecting creep and shrinkage, typical creep and shrinkage curves over time, code developments, and impacts on post-tensioned bridges. Specifically, it notes that creep and shrinkage can cause deformations in simply supported and indeterminate structures as well as redistribution of stresses. It also provides examples showing how creep and shrinkage can impact bridge deck profiles, expansion joints, bearings, and girder rotations over time. The conclusion recommends understanding creep/shrinkage behaviors, accurately estimating their effects, implementing countermeasures, and using simple structural details to avoid negative long-term impacts.
Mekanika bahan membahas respon struktur terhadap beban berupa perpindahan dan tegangan. Tegangan dapat timbul akibat gaya tunggal atau gabungan, dan berhubungan dengan regangan bahan sesuai hukum Hooke. Metode-metode seperti diagram tegangan dan momen inersia digunakan untuk menganalisis tegangan pada berbagai struktur.
This document provides an introduction to bridge engineering. It discusses the history of bridge engineering from 1300 BC to modern times. It also covers the different types of bridges including arch, suspension, cable-stayed, girder, and truss bridges. The document examines factors that are considered when selecting a bridge type, such as available materials, support conditions, span details, load types, and construction limitations. Finally, it discusses bridge construction methods including cast-in-place and prefabrication approaches as well as accelerated bridge construction techniques.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
1. Road School
March 9, 2011
Session 6: Incorporating
Aesthetics into Your Bridge
Design
Bridge Aesthetics Fundamentals
Joseph Showers, PE
Chief Bridge Engineer
Denver, Colorado
2. What is Aesthetics?
• aesthetic (plural aesthetics)
– The study of art or beauty.
– That which appeals to the senses
– Concerned with beauty, artistic impact, or
appearance
• For purposes of this presentation,
aesthetics relates to visual perception
and the appearance of highway bridges
3. Questions
• Question 1:
– Do you think it is important to consider
aesthetics when designing a bridge?
• Yes
• Somewhat
• No
• Question 2:
– What percentage of construction costs
should be allocated to aesthetics?
• Less than 1%?
• Less than 5%?
• Less than 10%?
4. Scope: Workhorse Bridges
• There are over 600,000 bridges in the National
Bridge Inventory (NBI).
• Of these, approximately 98% have spans < 300 feet.
• This presentation addresses short and intermediate
span “Workhorse” bridges
5. Why care about bridge aesthetics?
• Considering the visual
implications of design
decisions is part of our
job.
– Many routine decisions
made during the design
of a bridge have
implications on the
appearance of bridges
– In many cases, the
visual implications of
bridge design decisions
are only discovered
when construction is
completed
6. “Adverse visual impacts are not consciously designed
into a project. They creep in when decisions are
made without considering visual consequences.”
Why care about bridge aesthetics?
7. Why care about bridge aesthetics?
• Public Perception
– Bridges are some of the largest scale and most
prominent structures in our landscape and
neighborhoods.
– Bridges have a long lifespan and are a legacy of
the times that created them
– Bridges are also major public works constructed
largely by public agencies and financed with
public money.
“Stark functionality is no longer enough. Americans have come to
expect more attractive designs in aspects of life: cell-phones, kitchens,
dentistry and televisions. Public demand for an aesthetically pleasing
built-environment is also growing and bridges are a part of that
environment.”
– Communication with state DOT bridge engineer
8. Perception
• Designers have been taught to see bridges as
orthogonal projections. However, bridges exist in a
three dimensional world
Elevation view of pier Oblique view of same pier
9. Perception
• What is the observer’s position, speed and distance?
Position (Viewpoint)
□ Beneath and traveling under the
bridge?
□ Above and traveling over the bridge
deck?
□ At eye level with the deck?
Speed
□ Pedestrian?
□ Bicyclist?
□ Motorist?
Distance
□ 10 to 20 feet?
□ 100 to 200 feet?
□ 100 to 200 yards?
10. Perception
• What is the source, quality, and orientation of light?
□ Daytime
■Shadows and light
■Orientation of the bridge relative to north (azimuth)?
■Time of day is the bridge being viewed?
■ Humidity / haze
■Distance from viewpoint
□ Night
■ Light source location and intensity
■Type of light source
11. Bridges and Buildings.
• The structure of a bridge is inseparable with its
function and provides the majority of its aesthetic
appeal
• Don’t try to make a bridge something that it is not.
Parking structure facade in urban area. Bridge functions almost always
preclude use of structural cameflogue.
12. Bridges and Buildings
“There are at least two ways not to design a bridge:
• to decide what it should look like and then work out how
to make it stand up and how to build it;
• to work out the most economical structural /
constructional solution and then decide how to make it
look nice.”
“The first is the architect’s pitfall, the second the
engineer’s. In each case, by the time the decision has
been made it is almost certainly too late to get it right.
All the important issues have to be kept in mind from
the start.”
UK Highways Agency, Design Manual for Roads and Bridges
12
13. The Ten Determinants of Appearance
1. Horizontal and Vertical Geometry
2. Superstructure Type
3. Pier / Support Placement / Span
Arrangement
4. Abutment Placement and Height
5. Superstructure Shape
6. Pier Shape
7. Abutment Shape
8. Color
9. Texture, Ornamentation and Details
10. Lighting, Signing and Landscaping
14. #1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry
• Roadway geometry influences bridge geometry. The
roadway surface is the “roof” of the structure
• Horizontal and vertical clearance requirements
beneath the deck level also influence bridge
geometry
15. #1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry
• Few bridges:
– Are located on straight alignments
– Have flat horizontal deck surfaces
– Have supports oriented at right angles to the
superstructure
– Have constant cross section widths
– Are located on a flat site
superelevation
Reverse horizontal
curvature
Variable deck
Skewed supports
Variable
deck width
Compound vertical
curvature
16. #1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry
• Bridges close to the ground appear massive and
dark
• Think of the space beneath the bridge
Fremont Troll under the
Aurora Bridge in Seattle
Photo: raincity guide.com
17. #1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry
• Wide overpass bridges and viaducts can be
perceived as barriers
• How does this influence the substructure design?
18. #1 Horizontal and Vertical Geometry
• Collaborate with design team members to achieve
the best possible geometry that accommodates both
functional and aesthetic objectives
Atypical pier cap is visually discordant
19. #2 Superstructure Type
• Bridges frame the landscape and become windows.
The shape of the “window frames” influences our
perception
“Buildings contain space. It flows through bridges.” WJR Smythe
20. #2 Superstructure Type
Early 20th century truss bridge
• Bridge types are
representative of
their times and
evolve in parallel
with construction
and materials
Photo: Oklahoma DOT
Mid 20th century simple span steel girder “interstate” bridge
technology, and
the marketplace.
21. #2 Superstructure Type
• At this point in time, economy dictates that the majority of
workhorse bridges are constant depth girder type
structures assembled from standard structural
components and systems
22. #2 Superstructure Type
• Variable depth superstructures provide visual interest
Combination of variable depth superstructure and
massive abutments creates a community portal
23. #2 Superstructure Type
• Rigid frames and slant leg frames can create
gateways and portals
http://www.hpcbridgeviews.com/images/colorado-
RichmondHill.jpg
24. #2 Superstructure Type
• Combining multiple superstructure types can result in
visual discord and a lack of integrity
Combination of cast in place concrete, steel and precast
concrete superstructures on one elevated interchange
25. #2 Superstructure Type
• Consistent superstructure type can visually unify a
complex arrangement of bridges
Steel box girder bridge type used in four level system interchange
26. #2 Superstructure Type
• The bridge type should be appropriate to its scale
Is a through arch bridge with hangers and floorbeams required to
span less than 100 feet?
27. #3 Pier and Span Arrangement
• Structure depths are proportional to spans
• Shorter spans with thin superstructures may visually
emphasize the substructure
Shallow slab bridge depth relative to height above grade
results in slender superstructure appearance
28. #3 Pier and Span Arrangement
• Longer girder spans have deeper superstructures,
which become dominant visual features
Deep structure relative to height above grade
results in a massive superstructure appearance
29. #4 Abutment Placement and Height
• Tall abutments visually anchor a bridge to the ground
and strongly frame the landscape backdrop
Bridge with tall
abutments serving as a
gateway into residential
development
30. #4 Abutment Placement and Height
• Short abutments increase transparency
• Reduced abutment mass reduces the bridge’s visual
“frame” effect
Short abutments increase
span and provide views of
the backdrop, but result little
natural light penetrates to
areas near abutments.
31. #4 Abutment Placement and Height
• Mid-height abutments also provide a strong anchor
while providing more visual transparency
• Trade-off of longer spans versus shorter abutments.
Abutment locations distant from
shoulders reduce massive appearance
and increases visual transparency
relative to tall abutments.
32. #5 Superstructure Shape
1920s and 1930s era
bridges
• The superstructure fascia is a major visual feature
• Deep relief, shadows, and ornamentation were historically
used on prominent bridges to provide for visual interest
33. #5 Superstructure Shape
• Most contemporary bridges
have overhangs
• Wide overhangs place the
fascia in shadow and make the
bridge appear more slender
Photo: Portland Cement Association
34. #5 Superstructure Shape
• Contemporary bridges are often constant depth
superstructures with little ornamentation
• Reliance on horizontal layers to provide for visual
interest
Uninterrupted fascia emphasizes horizontal lines
35. #5 Superstructure Shape
• Many bridges use cantilevered pier caps with
cantilevered caps.
• Recessed columns in shadow emphasize horizontal
structure lines
Gateway viaduct combines modified precast concrete fascia
girder with urban streetscape elements.
36. #5 Superstructure Shape
• Flat fascia surfaces result in a more massive
appearance relative to layered surfaces
http://en.structurae.de/
37. #5 Superstructure Shape
• Accentuating vertical elements and interrupting
horizontal lines is an alternative strategy
Columns projecting from fascia visually interrupt spans.
Art deco detailing also provides visual interest
38. #6 Pier Shape
• “Framed” piers with multiple columns and drop pier
cap are the most common pier type
39. #6 Pier Shape
• Single column hammerhead piers increase
transparency, particularly on skewed crossings
Slender pier caps emphasize superstructure and result in a
more transparent structure
40. #6 Pier Shape
• Wide column spacing may make sense on urban
bridges to provide for more reflected light and an
open appearance
Post tensioned pier caps allow for longer cap beam spans. Reflected light
and unobstructed sight lines makes the under-bridge space more inviting
41. #6 Pier Shape
• Proportions of framed piers need to be carefully considered
Pier cap appears to be far
too massive relative to the
columns that support it
Cantilevers appear out of
proportion to total cap width
42. #6 Pier Shape
• Wall type piers offer a wide range of visual
expression
43. #6 Pier Shape
• Integral pier caps result in continuity and minimize
substructure mass
44. #6 Pier Shape
• Combining pier types and shapes results in visual
discord. Be consistent
45. #7 Abutment Shape
• Articulated tall abutments with wrap around wing
walls visually anchor the bridge ends and define a
portal
46. #7 Abutment Shape
• Front faces of abutment walls may provide
opportunities
Urban bridge with pedestrian
traffic beneath. Articulated
abutment surface and ceramic
tile on abutment face provide
visual interest
Gateway bridge
incorporates pilasters into
abutment face. Strong
shadows break up wide
abutment surface
47. #7 Abutment Shape
• Consider proportions and scale of
abutments and how they relate to
the superstructure
Abutment pilasters define the ends of the
crossing and provide human scale
features for pedestrians. Scale of
pilasters is appropriate
48. • Is relatively inexpensive
• Is subjective
• Is much more complex than most people
realize
#8 Color
49. #8 Color
• Issues to consider
– Durability and maintenance of coatings
– Graffiti resistance
– Application over large areas /uniformity
– Appearance during different seasons
– Site Physical Context
• Vegetation and soils /rocks in rural
environments
• Building materials in urban environments
50. #8 Color
• Blend with the environment
• Contrast with the environment
52. #8 Color
• Color can influence our perceptions
“Purple People
Bridge”
“Big Mac”
53. #9 Texture, Ornamentation and Details
• Values and attitudes related to ornamented bridges
have changed over time
Photos: Wikimedia
Photo: Carnegie Library,
Wikimedia
54. #9 Texture, Ornamentation and Details
• During the late 20th century, the prevailing approach
was to eliminate ornament. “Form follows function”
also accommodated need for economy and rapid
construction.
Photos: infrastructurist.com
55. #9 Texture, Ornamentation and Details
• Avoid using structural forms as ornament
Decorative arches attached to conventional highway overpass bridges as
ornament. These arches obviously do not support these bridges
56. #9 Texture, Ornamentation and Details
• Avoid using false structural
members to mimic structure
Decorative truss members attached to
conventional prestressed girder bridge
to create landmark bridge. Have long
term maintenance requirements been
considered?
57. #9 Texture, Ornamentation and Details
• Consider proportions and scale of ornament, and
how it relates to the bridge structure
Brick parapet and ornamental lighting overwhelms the simple concrete
bridge beneath. Is this a bridge or a wall with openings?
58. #9 Texture, Ornamentation and Details
• Be careful in using formliners
Formliner pattern suggests an
unstable detail in masonry
construction
Photo: Federal Highway Administration
Would a fieldstone wall span this
road?
59. #9 Texture, Ornamentation and Details
• Pilasters or monuments visually define the ends of
bridges or mark one’s position within the bridge
length
Photo:
Historicbridges.org
60. #10 Lighting, Signing and Landscaping
• Emotional Impact of Good Lighting
Before After
61. #10 Lighting, Signing and Landscaping
• Lighting Considerations
– Maintenance
– Lamping and Energy
– Physical Constraints
– Color Rendering
– Wildlife Concerns
– Light Pollution
62. #10 Lighting, Signing and Landscaping
• Terracing and landscaping visually softens the
connection between a bridge and its site
63. #10 Lighting, Signing and Landscaping
• An alternative approach is use landscaping to a
reinforce a strong visual “anchor” at the bridge ends
64.
65.
66.
67. Bridge Aesthetics Sourcebook
• “Practical Ideas for Short and Medium Span
Bridges” Draft developed by AFF10(2) on March
2009
• http://bridgeaesthetics.org/
• Endorsed by AASHTO SCOBS in 2010
• “AASHTO Bridge Aesthetics Sourcebook, First
Edition”
68. How much does it cost?
“It is unwise to pay too much. But it is worse to pay too
little. There is hardly anything in the world that can’t be
made a little worse and to sell a little cheaper” - John
Ruskin
“At the opposite extreme, increasing project costs
does not necessarily result in a better design. A
common idea.. is that a bridge which is attractive in
68
appearance must be more expensive than one which is
not. There is no evidence that this is so. In fact, a
good looking bridge is likely to have had more thought
devoted to all aspects of its design; it will probably be
more fully an integrated design and could even cost
less to build.” - WJR Smyth