Chapter one introduction to blood collection
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This document provides an introduction to blood collection, including the importance of proper techniques and safety precautions. It discusses the learning objectives, which focus on correct collection methods, specimen integrity, and quality assurance. Types of specimens that can be collected include whole blood, plasma, serum, and differences between them. Precautions like standard precautions, needle safety, and specimen handling are covered. Venipuncture, arterial, capillary and venous blood collection are also introduced.
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Quality assurance in blood banking involves implementing quality control checks at various stages of the blood collection and processing process. This includes donor screening, blood collection following aseptic techniques, proper storage and labeling of blood components, sterility testing, equipment calibration, and testing blood components for key attributes like volume and factors. Regular internal and external quality audits help ensure standards are maintained.
Clinical Hematology Laboratory
Hematology is the branch of medicine, that is concerned with the study of blood, blood forming organs and blood diseases. It includes study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood diseases .
After the completion of this presentation we will know about:
What is hematology and its purpose.
hematology laboratory.
Blood and its compositions and collections
Hematology lab equipment's
Some hematological tests , disease and hazards too.
Blood sample collection
1. Blood collection requires precautions to avoid self-infection, transmission of bloodborne infections, and misleading test results. Proper handwashing, use of protective gloves, disinfection of collection sites, and safe disposal of sharps are important.
2. Venous blood is most often collected from the antecubital area by needle puncture of a vein. Capillary blood can be collected from the fingertip or heelprick in infants and those with fragile veins.
3. The document provides guidance on blood collection procedures, sites for different types of blood samples, risks, anticoagulants, and causes of misleading test results related to specimen collection.
Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy is the process of making an incision in a vein with a needle.
The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture.
Introduction to Phlebotomy
The document discusses phlebotomy, which is defined as the collection of blood specimens for laboratory analysis and diagnosis. It describes the duties of a phlebotomist, which include correctly identifying patients, collecting the proper amount of blood in labeled containers, and transporting samples to the lab in a timely manner while interacting professionally with patients. The document also lists desirable personal characteristics for phlebotomists such as dependability, compassion, and strong communication and listening skills when interacting with patients.
Collection and handling of blood
This document provides guidelines for proper blood collection and handling. It discusses selecting the appropriate collection tubes based on required tests and filling order. Venous blood is most commonly collected from the antecubital fossa, but other sites like the hand, leg or neck may be used if needed. Capillary or arterial blood can also be taken for certain tests. Labels must include full patient details and specimens should be promptly delivered to the lab. Following sterile technique and avoiding complications like stasis is important to obtain quality samples.
Phlebotomy
This document provides information about the objectives and theory of phlebotomy. It discusses what phlebotomy is, the roles and responsibilities of phlebotomists, and related anatomy and physiology. It also covers important topics like professionalism, safety, equipment used, and procedures for collecting blood. Phlebotomists must properly identify patients, take safety precautions, position the patient, locate a vein, and collect blood samples while maintaining patient comfort and confidentiality.
Introduction to haematology laboratory
1. The document provides instructions on the proper use and care of laboratory instruments and glassware, with a focus on microscopes.
2. It describes the main parts of the microscope, including the base, arm, body tube, ocular lens, objective lenses, stage, condenser, and focusing knobs.
3. Directions are given for calculating total magnification, focusing, and cleaning the microscope, as well as safely transporting and storing the instrument.
Recommended
quality control in blood banking
Quality assurance in blood banking involves implementing quality control checks at various stages of the blood collection and processing process. This includes donor screening, blood collection following aseptic techniques, proper storage and labeling of blood components, sterility testing, equipment calibration, and testing blood components for key attributes like volume and factors. Regular internal and external quality audits help ensure standards are maintained.
Clinical Hematology Laboratory
Hematology is the branch of medicine, that is concerned with the study of blood, blood forming organs and blood diseases. It includes study of etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood diseases .
After the completion of this presentation we will know about:
What is hematology and its purpose.
hematology laboratory.
Blood and its compositions and collections
Hematology lab equipment's
Some hematological tests , disease and hazards too.
Blood sample collection
1. Blood collection requires precautions to avoid self-infection, transmission of bloodborne infections, and misleading test results. Proper handwashing, use of protective gloves, disinfection of collection sites, and safe disposal of sharps are important.
2. Venous blood is most often collected from the antecubital area by needle puncture of a vein. Capillary blood can be collected from the fingertip or heelprick in infants and those with fragile veins.
3. The document provides guidance on blood collection procedures, sites for different types of blood samples, risks, anticoagulants, and causes of misleading test results related to specimen collection.
Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy is the process of making an incision in a vein with a needle.
The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture.
Introduction to Phlebotomy
The document discusses phlebotomy, which is defined as the collection of blood specimens for laboratory analysis and diagnosis. It describes the duties of a phlebotomist, which include correctly identifying patients, collecting the proper amount of blood in labeled containers, and transporting samples to the lab in a timely manner while interacting professionally with patients. The document also lists desirable personal characteristics for phlebotomists such as dependability, compassion, and strong communication and listening skills when interacting with patients.
Collection and handling of blood
This document provides guidelines for proper blood collection and handling. It discusses selecting the appropriate collection tubes based on required tests and filling order. Venous blood is most commonly collected from the antecubital fossa, but other sites like the hand, leg or neck may be used if needed. Capillary or arterial blood can also be taken for certain tests. Labels must include full patient details and specimens should be promptly delivered to the lab. Following sterile technique and avoiding complications like stasis is important to obtain quality samples.
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This document provides information about the objectives and theory of phlebotomy. It discusses what phlebotomy is, the roles and responsibilities of phlebotomists, and related anatomy and physiology. It also covers important topics like professionalism, safety, equipment used, and procedures for collecting blood. Phlebotomists must properly identify patients, take safety precautions, position the patient, locate a vein, and collect blood samples while maintaining patient comfort and confidentiality.
Introduction to haematology laboratory
1. The document provides instructions on the proper use and care of laboratory instruments and glassware, with a focus on microscopes.
2. It describes the main parts of the microscope, including the base, arm, body tube, ocular lens, objective lenses, stage, condenser, and focusing knobs.
3. Directions are given for calculating total magnification, focusing, and cleaning the microscope, as well as safely transporting and storing the instrument.
Clinical laboratory
The document provides an overview of the clinical laboratory, including its roles, workflow, common specimen types, and sampling/testing procedures. The key responsibilities of the clinical lab are the correct identification, collection, and processing of patient specimens; accurate testing; timely reporting of results; and communication with healthcare professionals. There are typically six main steps in how a sample flows through the lab: ordering a test, sample collection, delivery to the lab, processing, analysis, and reporting results. Common specimen types include blood, urine, body fluids, sputum, stool, and tissue samples.
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This document provides learning objectives and information about blood collection by venipuncture. It discusses different equipment used for venipuncture including evacuated tube systems, syringes, and winged blood collection sets. It describes various blood collection tubes including their components, additives, and purposes. It also covers topics like needle sizes, safety needles, tube order of draw, skin antiseptics, and quality control of equipment. The overall document provides guidance on properly performing venipuncture and collecting blood samples.
Blood collection
Blood can be obtained through venous or capillary puncture for laboratory testing. Venous puncture from the median cubital vein is preferred as it provides a large, undiluted sample for many tests. The procedure involves selecting and cleaning the vein site, inserting the needle at a 30-35 degree angle, collecting blood in an anticoagulant tube, and applying pressure to stop bleeding. Capillary puncture from the finger or heel is an alternative for small volume tests, but carries a higher risk of erroneous results due to dilution or contamination of the sample. Proper patient identification, aseptic technique, and disposal of sharps are important to perform both procedures safely.
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This document provides information about blood collection procedures. It discusses phlebotomy, the order of draw for blood collection, sources of blood like venous, arterial and capillary blood. It describes different blood collection tubes and their uses. The key methods of blood collection covered are skin prick or finger stick, venipuncture and arterial collection. Specific steps for each method and proper handling of samples are outlined.
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This document discusses the preparation of blood components and their therapeutic uses. It begins by explaining how whole blood can be separated into various components to provide targeted replacement therapies. The main blood components and derivatives discussed include packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and plasma derivatives obtained through fractionation. The document then goes into details about the history of blood transfusions and developments in blood component preparation methods, types of components, preparation processes, storage and usage guidelines. It provides information on specific blood products like platelet-rich plasma and platelet concentrates.
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The document discusses principles of pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic test management. It covers test selection and evaluation, requisition and test menu formats, and report formatting. The three phases of quality assurance - pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic - are described in detail, including factors influencing each phase like specimen handling, equipment calibration, and report review. Quality control procedures are also outlined to ensure test accuracy and reproducibility.
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Blood sample collection procedure ppt
Collecting blood samples and other biological specimens is crucial to the understanding, prevention, and treatment of disease. However, from the patient’s perspective, it can also be painful, unnerving, frightening, and inconvenient.
Sample Collection
The document discusses various aspects of collecting and transporting biological samples for laboratory testing, including:
1) The document discusses blood collection methods including venipuncture, arterial blood draws, and capillary collection. It describes patient preparation, site selection, and collection steps.
2) Urine collection methods such as random, timed, catheterized, and 24-hour samples are described.
3) The appropriate containers and preservatives for collecting different sample types like blood, urine, and body fluids are outlined, including tubes containing chemicals that prevent clotting.
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The document discusses the process of blood collection and preservation, including the roles and skills of phlebotomists, proper procedures for venous and capillary blood draws, handling and storage of blood samples, and potential issues that may occur during the blood collection process. It provides detailed guidance on selecting appropriate veins, preparing the patient, using the correct equipment and procedures, and storing blood samples to preserve their integrity for diagnostic testing.
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This document summarizes key aspects of blood banking. It discusses the purpose of blood banking as collecting, typing, separating, storing, and preparing blood for transfusion. It outlines the major blood group systems including ABO and Rh, which are the most immunogenic. The document compares ABO and Rh in terms of antigen location, distribution, development, and nature of antibodies. It also describes the types of blood donation and the donor selection process involving counseling, medical history, physical exam, and hemoglobin estimation. Finally, it briefly mentions types of blood bags, anticoagulants, component separation, and screening tests for diseases.
Coagulation tests
The bleeding time test measures the time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding. It evaluates platelet function and vascular integrity. The preferred method is the Surgicutt/Simplate method, which uses a spring-loaded device to make a standardized 1mm deep incision. The procedure involves inflating a blood pressure cuff to 40mmHg, making the incision, and blotting the wound every 30 seconds with filter paper to see when bleeding stops. The normal bleeding time range is 1-9 minutes. Sources of error include aspirin use, improper puncture technique, not timing correctly, or allowing the filter paper to touch the wound.
The clinical laboratory
The document describes the organizational divisions and sections within a clinical laboratory. It outlines the departments of pathology, including anatomical pathology, cytology, histology, cytogenetics, and clinical pathology. The clinical pathology department contains sections for hematology, chemistry, blood bank, serology, microbiology, and urinalysis. Each section is described in terms of its functions, common tests performed, and specimen requirements. The document also discusses laboratory personnel roles and requirements.
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The document discusses different methods of blood collection including capillary, venous, and arterial blood. It describes various anticoagulants used in blood collection tubes and their purposes, such as EDTA for cell counts and citrate for coagulation studies. The document also outlines the proper order for drawing blood into collection tubes and the use of blood banks for storing blood components.
Phlebotomy for Medical Laboratory Professionals
SELECTING SITES
Antecubital area most often accessed
Hand or wrist
Remember: 2 arms
Use tip of index finger on non-dominant hand to palpate area to feel for the vein
COLLECTION SITE PROBLEMS
Indwelling lines:
Hickman catheters
Heparin locks
Used to administer medication
Only nurse may access these lines
Can obtain blood: called a ‘line draw’
Must clear line of heparin contamination by discarding first 5-10 cc of blood
Making a 3 5% rbc suspension
Washed red blood cell suspensions are prepared to remove plasma proteins that could interfere with antigen-antibody reactions during blood typing tests. The red blood cells are separated from whole blood via centrifugation and washed with saline to remove plasma. This helps remove soluble antigens, interfering proteins, and substances that could cause false positive reactions. The washed red blood cells are then suspended in saline at a 3-5% concentration for use in blood typing tests.
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This document provides an introduction to blood collection, including the importance of proper techniques and safety precautions. It discusses the learning objectives, which focus on correct collection methods, specimen integrity, and quality assurance. Types of specimens that can be collected include whole blood, plasma, serum, and differences between them. Anticoagulants prevent clotting to obtain certain specimens. Venous blood is preferred but arterial or capillary can also be collected with proper training and procedures.
Blood collection
This document provides guidelines for routine venipuncture and specimen handling. It describes the venipuncture procedure, including patient preparation, vein selection, order of draw, labeling samples, and troubleshooting incomplete collections. It also lists the additive, function, and uses of various colored collection tube types, such as red top for chemistries, gold top for serum separation, and purple top for complete blood counts. Complications like hematomas are addressed.
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This document provides learning objectives and information about blood collection by venipuncture. It discusses different equipment used for venipuncture including evacuated tube systems, syringes, and winged blood collection sets. It describes various blood collection tubes including their components, additives, and purposes. It also covers topics like needle sizes, safety needles, tube order of draw, skin antiseptics, and quality control of equipment. The overall document provides guidance on properly performing venipuncture and collecting blood samples.
Blood collection
Blood can be obtained through venous or capillary puncture for laboratory testing. Venous puncture from the median cubital vein is preferred as it provides a large, undiluted sample for many tests. The procedure involves selecting and cleaning the vein site, inserting the needle at a 30-35 degree angle, collecting blood in an anticoagulant tube, and applying pressure to stop bleeding. Capillary puncture from the finger or heel is an alternative for small volume tests, but carries a higher risk of erroneous results due to dilution or contamination of the sample. Proper patient identification, aseptic technique, and disposal of sharps are important to perform both procedures safely.
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This document provides information about blood collection procedures. It discusses phlebotomy, the order of draw for blood collection, sources of blood like venous, arterial and capillary blood. It describes different blood collection tubes and their uses. The key methods of blood collection covered are skin prick or finger stick, venipuncture and arterial collection. Specific steps for each method and proper handling of samples are outlined.
Blood components preparation and therapeutic uses final
This document discusses the preparation of blood components and their therapeutic uses. It begins by explaining how whole blood can be separated into various components to provide targeted replacement therapies. The main blood components and derivatives discussed include packed red blood cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate, and plasma derivatives obtained through fractionation. The document then goes into details about the history of blood transfusions and developments in blood component preparation methods, types of components, preparation processes, storage and usage guidelines. It provides information on specific blood products like platelet-rich plasma and platelet concentrates.
Pre analytic and postanalytic test management
The document discusses principles of pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic test management. It covers test selection and evaluation, requisition and test menu formats, and report formatting. The three phases of quality assurance - pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic - are described in detail, including factors influencing each phase like specimen handling, equipment calibration, and report review. Quality control procedures are also outlined to ensure test accuracy and reproducibility.
Stool Examination
The document provides details about stool examination. It discusses the advantages of stool examination in investigating GIT diseases such as detection of parasites, evaluation of diarrhea, dysentery, and identification of causative bacteria. It describes the collection and macroscopic examination of stool samples and preparation of slides. The concentration techniques help detect small numbers of parasites. Microscopic examination identifies features like leukocytes, red blood cells, parasites, and indicates conditions like malabsorption. Overall, stool examination is a useful diagnostic tool for gastrointestinal diseases.
Blood sample collection procedure ppt
Collecting blood samples and other biological specimens is crucial to the understanding, prevention, and treatment of disease. However, from the patient’s perspective, it can also be painful, unnerving, frightening, and inconvenient.
Sample Collection
The document discusses various aspects of collecting and transporting biological samples for laboratory testing, including:
1) The document discusses blood collection methods including venipuncture, arterial blood draws, and capillary collection. It describes patient preparation, site selection, and collection steps.
2) Urine collection methods such as random, timed, catheterized, and 24-hour samples are described.
3) The appropriate containers and preservatives for collecting different sample types like blood, urine, and body fluids are outlined, including tubes containing chemicals that prevent clotting.
Blood bags and its anticoagulants
This document discusses blood bags and their anticoagulants. It begins with a brief history of blood banking and milestones in blood preservation. It then describes the invention of blood bags by Dr. Carl Walter and their key components like tubing, labels, and safety features. The document outlines different types of blood bags and their uses. Finally, it examines common anticoagulants like ACD, CPD, and CPDA-1 that are used to prevent coagulation and preserve red blood cells in storage.
Blood collection and preservation
The document discusses the process of blood collection and preservation, including the roles and skills of phlebotomists, proper procedures for venous and capillary blood draws, handling and storage of blood samples, and potential issues that may occur during the blood collection process. It provides detailed guidance on selecting appropriate veins, preparing the patient, using the correct equipment and procedures, and storing blood samples to preserve their integrity for diagnostic testing.
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This document provides guidelines for the proper disposal of blood bags. It outlines the need to treat blood bags as infectious medical waste due to the risk of blood-borne pathogens. Key steps include removing needles, draining residual blood, and autoclaving blood bags using a liquid cycle with a long cooling period to ensure disinfection. Autoclaved blood bags should not be disposed of down drains and must comply with biomedical waste rules requiring on-site pre-treatment before disposal. Personnel must be trained in safe handling practices and record incidents to prevent future risks to health and safety.
Blood banking
This document summarizes key aspects of blood banking. It discusses the purpose of blood banking as collecting, typing, separating, storing, and preparing blood for transfusion. It outlines the major blood group systems including ABO and Rh, which are the most immunogenic. The document compares ABO and Rh in terms of antigen location, distribution, development, and nature of antibodies. It also describes the types of blood donation and the donor selection process involving counseling, medical history, physical exam, and hemoglobin estimation. Finally, it briefly mentions types of blood bags, anticoagulants, component separation, and screening tests for diseases.
Coagulation tests
The bleeding time test measures the time it takes for a small puncture wound to stop bleeding. It evaluates platelet function and vascular integrity. The preferred method is the Surgicutt/Simplate method, which uses a spring-loaded device to make a standardized 1mm deep incision. The procedure involves inflating a blood pressure cuff to 40mmHg, making the incision, and blotting the wound every 30 seconds with filter paper to see when bleeding stops. The normal bleeding time range is 1-9 minutes. Sources of error include aspirin use, improper puncture technique, not timing correctly, or allowing the filter paper to touch the wound.
The clinical laboratory
The document describes the organizational divisions and sections within a clinical laboratory. It outlines the departments of pathology, including anatomical pathology, cytology, histology, cytogenetics, and clinical pathology. The clinical pathology department contains sections for hematology, chemistry, blood bank, serology, microbiology, and urinalysis. Each section is described in terms of its functions, common tests performed, and specimen requirements. The document also discusses laboratory personnel roles and requirements.
Blood collection, handling, and anticoagulants
All about blood collection and handling, lecture notes to Medical Laboratory Students at Medical Laboratory Technology, Middle Technical University, Baqubah, Iraq
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This presentation will provide you about the detailed structure, process and outcome of bloodbank in atertiary care hospital in terms of Quality management.
Blood collection and anticoagulants
The document discusses different methods of blood collection including capillary, venous, and arterial blood. It describes various anticoagulants used in blood collection tubes and their purposes, such as EDTA for cell counts and citrate for coagulation studies. The document also outlines the proper order for drawing blood into collection tubes and the use of blood banks for storing blood components.
Phlebotomy for Medical Laboratory Professionals
SELECTING SITES
Antecubital area most often accessed
Hand or wrist
Remember: 2 arms
Use tip of index finger on non-dominant hand to palpate area to feel for the vein
COLLECTION SITE PROBLEMS
Indwelling lines:
Hickman catheters
Heparin locks
Used to administer medication
Only nurse may access these lines
Can obtain blood: called a ‘line draw’
Must clear line of heparin contamination by discarding first 5-10 cc of blood
Making a 3 5% rbc suspension
Washed red blood cell suspensions are prepared to remove plasma proteins that could interfere with antigen-antibody reactions during blood typing tests. The red blood cells are separated from whole blood via centrifugation and washed with saline to remove plasma. This helps remove soluble antigens, interfering proteins, and substances that could cause false positive reactions. The washed red blood cells are then suspended in saline at a 3-5% concentration for use in blood typing tests.
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This document provides guidelines for routine venipuncture and specimen handling. It describes the venipuncture procedure, including patient preparation, vein selection, order of draw, labeling samples, and troubleshooting incomplete collections. It also lists the additive, function, and uses of various colored collection tube types, such as red top for chemistries, gold top for serum separation, and purple top for complete blood counts. Complications like hematomas are addressed.
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How to preserve and display insect specimens in hand sanitizer
How to preserve and display insect specimens in hand sanitizer
Similar to Chapter one introduction to blood collection
3rdPre-analytical-Laboratory-Errors-Dr-sami 2.ppt
Here are some ways laboratories try to prevent pre-analytical errors:
- Strict adherence to standard operating procedures for all specimen collection, handling, and processing steps. This includes things like order of draw, correct tubes for each test, transport conditions, etc.
- Extensive training and competency assessment of all personnel involved in pre-analytical processes. This includes phlebotomists, nurses, transport personnel.
- Use of technology like barcoding for positive patient identification and specimen labeling to reduce errors.
- Quality control programs that monitor pre-analytical error rates and identify issues. This may involve repeat testing, record review, observation of processes.
- Effective communication and coordination between clinical
3rdPre-analytical-Laboratory-Errors-Dr-sami.ppt
Here are some ways laboratories try to prevent pre-analytical errors:
- Strict adherence to standard operating procedures for all specimen collection, handling, and processing steps. This includes things like order of draw, correct tubes for each test, transport conditions, etc.
- Extensive training and competency assessment of all personnel involved in pre-analytical processes. This includes phlebotomists, nurses, transport personnel.
- Use of technology like barcoding for positive patient identification and specimen labeling to reduce errors.
- Quality control programs that monitor pre-analytical error rates and identify sources of errors for corrective action.
- Maintaining adequate staffing to prevent mistakes due to fatigue or workload
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This document discusses monitoring techniques for surgical patients, including conventional methods like blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output as well as more advanced techniques. It describes the ideal monitoring technique as non-invasive, accurate, and safe. Selection of a monitoring method depends on patient characteristics and severity of injury. Advanced techniques discussed include pulmonary artery catheters, which can measure cardiac output and pressures, but carry risks like pneumothorax. Lactate levels and tonometry can also help assess tissue oxygenation. The goal of monitoring is to assess the patient's response to treatment and guide therapy to avoid organ failure.
Complicationsandsafetyduringcpb 180414072601
This document discusses safety during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). It covers several topics:
1. Bypass safety has improved considerably with better safety features and techniques, though fatal accidents occurred in 1/1800 cases and serious incidents in 1/130 procedures in 1981.
2. Organizational aspects emphasize teamwork, cooperation, coordination, and effective communication within the open-heart unit.
3. Protocols should be established for equipment, patient specifics, perfusion management, and handling accidents to maximize safety. Human error is the leading cause of accidents, followed by equipment failures. Constant updates and a focus on safety can help minimize risks.
Phlebotomy 2
This document discusses various complications that can occur during blood collection including: failure to obtain blood, hematomas, nerve injury, and hemolyzed specimens. It describes the causes of these complications and steps to prevent them, such as using the proper needle size and technique. The document also covers specimen contamination, technical problems, point of care testing considerations, and special collection procedures for blood cultures, coagulation tests, and other specimens.
New slide.pptx
This document provides guidelines for the proper collection, transportation, preparation, processing, and storage of laboratory samples for disease diagnosis and monitoring. It discusses defining samples and specimens, examples of laboratory samples, requirements for sample collection, potential errors from improper collection, and objectives of collection. Specific guidance is given for collection and handling of various sample types, including blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, stool, and others. Proper labeling, transport, separation, preservation, and storage methods are also outlined to ensure sample quality and integrity.
Current best practice of cvad
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sample collection in clinical biochemistry
This document discusses sample collection in clinical biochemistry. It outlines the essential steps in sample collection including patient identification, sample collection and processing, and storage and transport. It describes the proper procedures, equipment, and additives used for collecting different sample types like blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and arterial blood gas. Potential errors are discussed along with ways to avoid errors like hemolysis, clotting, and contamination. Maintaining proper procedures is important for obtaining accurate laboratory test results.
Laboratory errors.pdf
The document discusses the three phases of laboratory testing - pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical. It emphasizes that pre-analytical and post-analytical errors account for over 90% of total laboratory errors. Close attention to pre-analytical variables like specimen collection, transport, and storage is critical to ensure accurate test results. Proper procedures and quality control throughout the testing process can prevent many potential errors.
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimary
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases
dr. ihsan alsaimary
university of basrah - college of medicine- DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
POBOX 696 ASHAR
BASRAH 42001
IRAQ
Med A 220 Ppt Doc
Phlebotomy is the process of collecting blood samples from patients for diagnostic testing and treatment purposes. It requires specialized skills and knowledge of anatomy, the circulatory system, and effective communication. A phlebotomist must be able to perform venipuncture accurately and safely handle various types of blood collection tubes and equipment. Drawing blood can present challenges with different patient populations, so a phlebotomist must be prepared to address issues that may arise.
Universal precausions on 24.9.19 for allied health student ii
hand hygiene, PPE, color coding of vials, disposal of sample , biomedical waste, general waste , healthy life style.
Espirometria gd
1. Spirometry is a common pulmonary function test that measures how much air the lungs can hold and how quickly they can empty. It is used to diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions like asthma.
2. An on-site spirometry service called Pulmetrics provides trained respiratory scientists who visit general practices with portable spirometry equipment to perform the tests.
3. Spirometry results should be interpreted according to American Thoracic Society guidelines and reference values to determine if lung volumes and flows are normal or abnormal.
Clinical immunology lab and phlebotomy
Clinical labs are important in diseases diagnosis, determination its severity and patient response to specific treatment. Diagnosis of any disease is first done by physical examination by physician and confirmed by lab diagnostic tests.
1intro
The document discusses clinical or medical laboratories and their role in patient care. It covers the types of clinical laboratories, regulations, personnel, departments, common procedures and tests, safety practices, equipment, and the clinician's role in diagnostic testing. Key points include that clinical laboratories perform tests on blood and body fluids to aid in patient care, are regulated by CLIA and other agencies, and use various equipment and follow safety protocols to analyze samples and produce diagnostic results.
01 Presentation I VS (8-55MB)- (3-28-08).pps
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MA114 Chapter 45 intro to clinical laboratory
This document provides information about the clinical laboratory and the roles of various personnel within it. It discusses:
1) Personnel in the laboratory including pathologists, medical technologists, technicians, and assistants.
2) The use of laboratory testing to obtain diagnostic data alongside a health history and exam.
3) Certifying agencies that regulate laboratory personnel.
4) The role of the clinical laboratory in providing diagnostic tools to physicians.
blood collection.pdf blood bood blbloodood
1) Accurate blood collection and handling is essential for obtaining reliable hematological test results. Special care must be taken to avoid infection at all stages from collection through analysis.
2) There are many factors that can affect hematological values, including specimen collection and storage conditions, patient posture and activity, and demographic factors like age, sex, and altitude. Reference ranges must account for variables in the reference population.
3) Many values vary over the life cycle, with pregnancy, aging, and exercise among factors influencing red blood cell counts and hemoglobin levels at different life stages. Standardization is needed given natural intra-individual variations.
1.COLLECTION OF BLOOD(1).pptx
1) Proper specimen collection and handling is essential for accurate hematology test results. Blood must be collected in the appropriate tubes using sterile equipment and promptly transported to the laboratory.
2) Common blood collection tubes contain anticoagulants like EDTA, citrate, or heparin to prevent clotting. The anticoagulant used depends on the intended tests.
3) Blood counts and some other tests are stable for 24 hours if the blood is refrigerated after collection. Coagulation tests must be performed within a few hours. Strict temperature controls are needed to preserve sample integrity for testing.
Similar to Chapter one introduction to blood collection (20)
2021 laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases dr.ihsan alsaimary
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补办文凭【微信号:176555708】【(Bristol毕业证书)】【微信号:176555708】《成绩单、外壳、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
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Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, VICE PRINCIPAL, FNCON, SPN.
Emphysema is a disease condition of respiratory system.
Emphysema is an abnormal permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls and without obvious fibrosis.
Emphysema of lung is defined as hyper inflation of the lung ais spaces due to obstruction of non respiratory bronchioles as due to loss of elasticity of alveoli.
It is a type of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease.
It is a progressive disease of lungs.
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Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
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HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
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Chapter one introduction to blood collection
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO BLOOD COLLECTION Blood Collection: A Short Course
- 2. Learning Objectives State the importance of correct blood collection techniques in managing total patient care. List the factors that influence the integrity of a blood specimen. Discuss safety precautions as related to blood collection. Differentiate between whole blood, plasma, and serum.
- 3. Learning Objectives Explain the action of anticoagulants to prevent blood coagulation. Describe the appearance of a hemolyzed, icteric, and lipemic specimen. Differentiate between arterial, venous, and capillary blood. State the purpose of quality assurance in blood collection.
- 4. Redesigning the Healthcare System Shifting of phlebotomy responsibility. New skills required.
- 5. Blood Collection: A Short Course Purpose Collection of quality specimens Instructive information Technique Procedures in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, (CLSI) (Standard H3-A6) and Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) guidelines
- 6. Blood Collection: A Short Course Course Overview Equipment Site selection Technique Complications Specimen handling Phlebotomy errors Venipuncture practice
- 7. IMPORTANCE OF CORRECT SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING QUALITY SPECIMENS = QUALITY RESULTS Diagnosis Treatment Monitoring Laboratory results constitute 70% of the objective information for health-care providers
- 8. IMPORTANCE OF CORRECT SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING Specimen Integrity Laboratory guidelines Never hesitate to check with laboratory Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA, 1988) Laboratory is responsible
- 9. IMPORTANCE OF CORRECT SPECIMEN COLLECTION AND HANDLING Preanalytical Factors 56% of lab errors occur before the specimen is tested Monitoring of specimen ordering Patient identification Patient communication and safety Patient preparation Timing of collections Collection technique Specimen labeling Specimen handling and transport
- 10. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Standard Precautions Personal protective equipment (PPE) Isolation Procedures Hand washing Properly activating needle safety devices Biohazard disposal Decontamination Sodium hypochlorite (1:10)
- 15. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Accidental Puncture Significant exposure potential Report all needlesticks Follow institution’s protocol for source and employee testing
- 16. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Syringe-To-Tube Transfer Recommended procedure Use blood-transfer device Removal of stoppers not recommended Direct puncture of tube with syringe needle not recommended
- 17. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Specimen Processing Centrifugation Capped, balanced tubes Separation Removal of stoppers Aerosol production
- 18. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS Specimen Transport Primary container Secondary container Labeling
- 19. TYPES OF SPECIMENS Whole Blood Consists of: Erythrocytes Leukocytes Platelets Plasma Use anticoagulated (unclotted) specimen
- 20. TYPES OF SPECIMENS Plasma Liquid portion of unclotted blood Contains fibrinogen Use anticoagulated specimen
- 21. TYPES OF SPECIMENS Serum Clotted blood Does not contain fibrinogen Use “clot” tube
- 23. TYPES OF SPECIMENS Anticoagulants Calcium binding EDTA Sodium citrate Potassium oxalate Thrombin inhibition Heparin
- 24. TYPES OF SPECIMENS MIX ANTICOAGULATED SPECIMENS THOROUGHLY IMMEDIATELY AFTER COLLECTION
- 25. TYPES OF SPECIMENS Normal Plasma & Serum Appear clear & pale yellow Hemolyzed Specimens Appear pink-red Erythrocyte destruction
- 26. TYPES OF SPECIMENS Icteric Specimens Appear dark yellow Increased bilirubin Lipemic Specimens Appear milky Increased lipids
- 27. TYPES OF SPECIMENS Venous Blood Specimen of choice Used to establish Normal values Arterial Blood Blood gases Require special collection training
- 28. TYPES OF SPECIMENS Capillary Blood Dermal puncture collection Mixture of arterial and venous blood Note on requisition if blood is collected by dermal puncture