Nowadays "Safety" takes up a major role in all the Laboratories, let it be safety equipment or safety measures. This powerpoint gives you a rough idea of the various hazards that may occur in a laboratory and the steps to be taken to prevent them. Also a small note is given on the Biomedical Waste and its management.
Responsibilities of Clinical Laboratory Scientist and TechniciansBest care Lab
Laboratory science, being the vital element of the medical industry, a medical laboratory and its technicians play a great role in it. In general medical laboratory scientists and medical laboratory technicians collect samples and perform the tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances.
A brief presentation for second-year students in Iraqi Technical Institutes (studying Medical Laboratory Technology). This introduction covers the types of blood samples, how to collect these samples, common sites for collection, and anticoagulants in a test-tubes.
A lecture for first-year students at Baquba Technical Institute belongs to Middle Technical University. This lecture is a part of the first semester's modules (Medical Laboratory Technology: MLT112).
This lecture included an introduction to medical (or diagnostic) laboratories.
This slide gives you details about the following:
Safety precautions.
Rules and regulations to be followed inside laboratory.
Different type of laboratory hazards.
How to deals with laboratory accident incidents.
Diagrammatic representation of dress codes & rules.
bio safety cabinets.
Dress codes for technicians dealing with radioactive materials
sterilization of whole room (Fumigation)
Laboratory safety rules are a major aspect of every clinical lab.
Each student in clinical laboratory must follow specific safety rules and procedures.
Responsibilities of Clinical Laboratory Scientist and TechniciansBest care Lab
Laboratory science, being the vital element of the medical industry, a medical laboratory and its technicians play a great role in it. In general medical laboratory scientists and medical laboratory technicians collect samples and perform the tests to analyze body fluids, tissue, and other substances.
A brief presentation for second-year students in Iraqi Technical Institutes (studying Medical Laboratory Technology). This introduction covers the types of blood samples, how to collect these samples, common sites for collection, and anticoagulants in a test-tubes.
A lecture for first-year students at Baquba Technical Institute belongs to Middle Technical University. This lecture is a part of the first semester's modules (Medical Laboratory Technology: MLT112).
This lecture included an introduction to medical (or diagnostic) laboratories.
This slide gives you details about the following:
Safety precautions.
Rules and regulations to be followed inside laboratory.
Different type of laboratory hazards.
How to deals with laboratory accident incidents.
Diagrammatic representation of dress codes & rules.
bio safety cabinets.
Dress codes for technicians dealing with radioactive materials
sterilization of whole room (Fumigation)
Laboratory safety rules are a major aspect of every clinical lab.
Each student in clinical laboratory must follow specific safety rules and procedures.
Safe Use and Storage of Chemicals and ReagentsTapeshwar Yadav
Even in the smallest laboratory, dangerous chemicals are used directly or incorporated into stains and reagents.
Hence the correct handling and storage of hazardous chemicals is essential to prevent injury and damage.
In addition to this, to reduce accidents caused by chemicals, labeling is very important.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
2. OSHA – Occupational Safety & Health Administration
CDC – Centers for Disease Control & prevention
put forward numerous safety standards applicable to clinical
laboratories.
Key Elements For safety in Clinical Lab:
• Formal safety programme
• Documented policies & effective use of mandated plans in chemical
hygiene, exposure to blood borne pathogens, etc.
• Identification of significant occupational hazards (biological, chemical,
fire & electrical hazards) and how to deal with each of them.
• Recognition of other relevant safety areas of concern (effective waste
manangement, etc.)
3. Safety Programme.
i. Safety officer / Chair of safety committee
ii. 1 Chemical Hygiene officer
iii. General Laboratory safety manual – to be given to all new
employees.
iv. Continuing education program for laboratories – should
include periodic talks on safety.
v. Ensure that laboratory environment meets accepted safety
standards.
4. Safety Equipment.
o Clothing (lab coats/gowns)
o Gloves
o Eye protection
o Eye/Face washers
o Heat-resistant (non-asbestos) gloves – To handle hot glassware
& dry ice.
o Safety goggles/glasses/visors.
o Tongs – To handle hot beakers
o Polyethylene pumps – To pump acids from large bottles
o Spill kits (For acids, caustic materials & flammable solvents)
7. Biological Hazards & Steps for prevention.
♠ Never perform mouth pipetting
♠ Do not mix potentially infectious material by bubbling air
through the liquid
♠ Barrier protection (gloves, masks, gowns, protective eye wear)
♠ Frequent hand washing
♠ Keep the hands away from mouth, nose, eyes & mucous
membrane – to avoid self-inoculation.
♠ Decontaminate all surfaces & reusable devices after use.
♠ All patient specimens to be treated as potentially hazardous.
♠ Try to prevent accidental injuries.
♠ Dispose off all sharps appropriately.
♠ Hepatitis B vaccine to be taken by all employees at risk of
accidental exposure.
8. Chemical Hazards & Steps for prevention.
♠ Handle bottles of chemicals & solutions carefully
♠ Glass containers with chemicals – To be transported in
rubber/plastic containers that protects them from breakage & will
contain the spill in case , it happens.
♠ Appropriate spill kits
♠ Hold the bottle firmly around its body (Not by the neck) either
with 1 hand or both depending on the size of the bottle
♠ Acids, caustic materials & strong oxidizing agents – to be mixed in
the sink (provides water for cooling & confinement of reagent in
case the bottle breaks)
♠ Never pour water into a concentrated acid. Acid should be poured
slowly into water.
♠ Label the bottles properly.
♠ Labels to be color coded
9. Electrical Hazards & Steps for prevention.
♠ Worn out wires should be replaced
♠ All electric equipments to be grounded with 3 prong plugs.
♠ Use of extension cords – to be minimised.
♠ Electrical equipments & connections – Not to be handled with
wet hands.
♠ No electrical equipment to be used after liquid has been spilled
over it.
♠ Lay electrical cords where no one can trip on them or get caught
in them.
♠ Never poke anything into electrical outlets
♠ Unplug cords by pulling the plug and not the cord.
♠ Unplug all electrical equipment at the end of the lab period.
10. Fire Hazards & Steps for prevention.
♠ Fire extinguisher to be provided near every laboratory door.
♠ Flammable substances – (a) Use minimum quantity, (b) store
in special storage cabinet, (c) Use temperature controlled
heating sources (like water bath rather than hot-plate or
bunsen burner.)
11. ♠ When lighting a burner, wait until a match is struck or the
striker is in place before you turn on the gas.
♠ The amount of air can be adjusted by the air supply valve
below the tube of the burner. This regulates the flame
temperature and color.
♠ Never leave a burner or hotplate unattended.
♠ Always point the top ends of test tubes that are being heated
heated, away from people.
♠ When heating a test tube, move it around slowly over the
flame to distribute the heat evenly.
12. General Tidiness.
♠ Keep your workplace tidy
♠ Clear up waste, deal with washing up and put things away as you
finish with them
♠ Make sure everything is safe before you leave things unattended
♠ Avoid spillage.
♠ After handling chemicals, always wash your hands with soap and
water.
♠ During lab work, keep your hands away from your face.
♠ Tie back long hair.
♠ Roll up loose sleeves.
♠ Keep the work area uncluttered. Take to the lab station only what is
necessary.
♠ Refrain loose clothing and jewelery.
13. ♠ Wear glasses rather than contact lenses.
♠ Clean up the laboratory area at the end of the day’s work.
♠ Pour down a glass stirring rod to prevent liquids from splattering.
♠ Do not place hot glassware in water. Rapid cooling may make it
shatter.
♠ Never taste any chemicals
♠ If you need to smell the odor of a chemical, waft the fumes toward
your nose with one hand. Do not put your nose over the container
and inhale the fumes.
♠ Wash your hands after handling chemicals.
14. Glassware Safety.
♠ Pour down a glass stirring rod to prevent liquids from
splattering.
♠ Do not place hot glassware in water. Rapid cooling may make it
shatter.
15. Let the waste of the “sick” not
contaminate the lives of “The
Healthy”
16. Biomedical Waste
DEFINITION
♠ Any solid or liquid waste generated during the diagnosis,
testing, treatment, research or production of biological
products for humans or animals. (WHO).
♠ WHO estimates:
- 85% of hospital waste as non-hazardous.
- 10% is infectious
- 5% is non infectious, but consists of hazardous chemicals.
17. 1) Survey of waste generated
2) Segregation of hospital waste
3) Collection & Categorization of waste
4) Storage of waste
5) Transportation of waste
6) Treatment of waste
18. WASTE CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE TREATMENT
Category No. 1 Human Anatomical Waste Incineration/ Deep Burial
Category No. 2 Animal Waste Incineration/ Deep Burial
Category No. 3 Microbiology &
Biotechnology Waste
Local Autoclaving/
Microwaving/Incineration
Category No. 4 Waste Sharps Autoclaving/Microwaving/Dis
infection/Chemical Treatment
Category No. 5 Discarded Medicine &
Cytotoxic drugs
Incineration & Drug disposal
in safe landfills
Category No. 6 Soiled Waste Incineration/Autoclaving/
Microwaving
Category No. 7 Solid Waste Autoclaving/Microwaving/
Disinfection
Category No. 8 Liquid Waste Chemical treatment &
discharge into drains
Category No. 9 Incineration Ash Landfill
Category No. 10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment &
19. COLOR CODING TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE CATEGORY
YELLOW Plastic Bags Category 1, 2, 3 & 6
RED Disinfected Container/ Plastic Bags Category 3, 6 & 7
BLUE Plastic Bags/Puncture proof
container
Category 4 & 7
BLACK Plastic Bags Category 5, 9 & 10