Groups and teams are important parts of any organization. A group is defined as two or more individuals who interact and share a collective identity. Groups form to fulfill members' needs for belongingness, support, security, recognition, and proximity. Both formal and informal groups exist in organizations. Team dynamics, properties like roles and norms, and concepts like groupthink must be understood to utilize groups and teams effectively. While groups focus on individual goals, teams emphasize mutual accountability and collective goals to produce outcomes through shared roles and responsibilities. The formation of cohesive and diverse groups and teams is crucial for organizational decision-making.

1. GROUPS AND TEAMS IN
AN ORGANIZATION
CHAPTER-7
AUTHORS:
DR. KIRAN NERKAR
DR. VILAS CHOPDE

2.  A group is the largest set of two or more individuals who are
jointly characterised by a network of relevant communications
and shared sense of collective identity and one or more
shared dispositions with associated normative strength. ---
D.H.Smith
 A group may be defined as a social phenomenon in which two
or more persons decide to interact with one another, share
common ideology and perceive themselves as a group. ---
Edgar H. Schein
DEFINE GROUP
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3.  Sense of Belongingness
 Refers to the fact that employees feel satisfied if they get a common
platform where they can share their views, ideas, and feelings.
 Warmth and Support
 Indicates that for any individual, group is the source of support and
warmth.
 Power
 Refers to the authority provided by the group to its members.
 Security
 Indicates that an individual feels secure after being a part of a group.
 Recognition and Status
 Refers to the fact that if individuals enjoy high status within the group,
they get respect and recognition from their group members.
 Proximity
 Refers to the closeness or sense of belongingness that group members
share with each other. It satisfies the need of affiliation of group
members.
NEED OF A GROUP
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4. Formal groups
Refer to the work groups
that are established by
the organization for
specific work
assignments and tasks.
Informal groups
Refer to the groups that
people form to satisfy
their social needs.
•Secondary Group
•Command Group
•Task group
•Committee
•Primary Group
•Interest Group
•Friendship Group
•Reference Group
TYPES OF GROUPS
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5.  Group dynamics is a social process by which people interact
face-to-face in small groups.
 The features of group dynamics are as follows:
 Outlines the interaction model within the group
 Estimates the pressure of other groups
 Estimates the pressure exerted by members of the group
 Facilitates decision-making process of the group
 Measures and increases satisfaction level of group members
GROUP DYNAMICS
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6.  Roles
 Refer to the positions assigned to different members of a group.
 Norms
 Refer to acceptable standards or expectations shared by group
members. The norms may differ from one group to another.
 Status
 Indicates a prestige grading, position, or rank of members within a
group.
 Free Rider Tendency
 Refers to a group phenomenon in which individual members reduce
their individual efforts and contributions as the group expands.
 Group Cohesiveness
 Stands for the degree to which group members feel connected to one
another and be a part of the group as a whole.
GROUP PROPERTIES
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7.  Group decision-making refers to the process where the group
as a whole makes the decision.
 Group decision-making is executed with the help of following
techniques:
GROUP DECISION-MAKING AND ITS
TECHNIQUES
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•Refers to a meeting where members interact online to maintain anonymity of
comments.
Electronic Meeting
•Refers to a process that encourages members to give ideas and suggestions.
Brainstorming
•Refers to a method of making decisions in which all the members of the group
individually give their ideas and suggestions in written form in meetings.
Nominal Group Technique

8.  Groupthink refers to a situation in which members of the
group takes wrong decisions because of group pressure.
 Groupthink may lead to the following consequences:
 Limits discussion to only few alternatives
 Discourages adoption of new ideas
 Abstains from rethink after making the decision
 Makes little or no efforts to consult the experts (for getting the
required information) within the organization
 Ignores the facts that do not support the group
 Forces the group to agree on a decision made by superiors
 Groupshift refers to a phenomenon in which members of
a group, while discussing a given set of options, tend to
exaggerate the initial position that they hold.
GROUPTHINK AND GROUPSHIFT
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9.  A team refers to a formal group comprising interdependent
individuals who are responsible for the attainment of common
goals.
 A team has following features:
 Provides support to all its team members willingly
 Promotes collective decision-making
 Creates an environment of trust and support among team members
 Asks suggestions from team members
 Provides regular feedback to members for improving their
performance
 Facilitates problem solving opportunities among team members
 Requires commitment from team members for the achievement of
organizational goals
CONCEPT OF TEAM
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10. •Makes the team members loyal to each other when they unite to accomplish
common organizational objectives.
Sense of Unity
•Refers to increasing the performance of the team.
Performance Enhancement
•Indicates the distribution of work among team members.
Delegation of Work
•Indicates that when people in a team come together from different background for a
common purpose then they become more tolerant, open for discussions, and eager to
learn.
Increase in Flexibility
IMPORTANCE OF TEAM CULTURE
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11.  Functional Team
 Comprises a manager and his/her subordinates who belong to same functional
area, such as finance department or marketing department.
 Cross Functional Team
 Refers to a team that comprises employees from the same hierarchical level, but
from different work areas or departments.
 Self-Managed Team
 Refers to a team that is considered capable enough to handle routine problems;
therefore, does not require to report to its team leader on a daily basis.
 Supervised Team
 Refers to a type of team that works under direct supervision of a manager.
 Virtual Team
 Refers to a team that may not exist physically, yet works with the help of
teleconferencing and videoconferencing.
 Problem-Solving Team
 Refers to a team formed by a few employees from the same department who
meet once in a week to solve the work-related problems, such as quality issues.
TYPES OF TEAMS
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12. •Refers to the first stage of team development when the team members are introduced to each other.
Forming
•Refers to a stage in which team members try to know other members of the team.
Storming
•Refers to a stage in which all the disagreements are worked out within the team.
Norming
•Refers to the stage in which team members’ performance is at the maximum and they trust each other
completely.
Performing
•Applies to only temporary teams. This is the final stage of team development in which the team dissolves
after accomplishing desired goals.
Adjourning
STAGES OF TEAM DEVELOPMENT
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13.  Team diversity implies that members of a team belong to
different backgrounds.
 In today’s competitive and global scenario, team composition in
an organization is getting more heterogeneous in terms of
gender, age, and cultural background.
 The factors required for effective working of a team are:
 Clear Goals
 Relevant Skills
 Mutual Trust
 Unified Commitment
 Good Communication
 Negotiation Skills
 Appropriate Leader
 Internal Support
 External Support
TEAM DIVERSITY AND EFFECTIVENESS
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14. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A GROUP AND A
TEAM
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GROUP TEAM
Emphasizes on the individual accountability Emphasizes on mutual accountability
Focuses on sharing ideas, information, and
perspectives of the members of the group
Focuses on making decisions, discussing various issues,
solving problems, or planning for future
Focuses on the goals of individuals Focuses on the collective and common goals of the
entire team
Produces the outcomes, such as individual
projects or assignments
Produces collective outcome that is achieved by the
entire team
Encompasses individual roles, responsibilities,
tasks, procedures, or assignments
Encompasses shared roles, responsibilities, tasks, and
assignments
Shows individual concern of every member of
the work group
Shows no individual concerns; the entire team is
responsible for the work as a whole

15.  The concepts of group and team are very crucial for the
management of an organization.
 A group refers to a collection of two or more individuals who
come together to accomplish their common objectives.
 A team refers to a set of two or more individuals who come
together to realize their pre-determined goals.
 The formation of groups and teams plays a very important
role in the decision-making process of an organization.
RECAP
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