Ch6
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This document discusses different types and causes of human migration. It outlines Ravenstein's laws from the 1870s which found that most migration occurs over short distances, in a step-by-step rural to urban fashion. Economic, political, environmental, cultural, technological, and information factors can all catalyze migration by either pushing people away from or pulling people towards certain locations. Voluntary migration involves an element of choice while forced migration removes that choice, as seen in events like the Trail of Tears.
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Ch6 Migration
This document discusses various types and causes of human migration. It outlines Ravenstein's laws of migration from the 1870s, which found that most migrants travel short distances, migration is usually rural-to-urban, and each flow creates a counter-flow. The document also explores push and pull factors that influence migration decisions, such as economic conditions, political circumstances, armed conflicts, environmental issues, culture, technology, and information flows. Migration can be voluntary or forced, and includes temporary, seasonal, and return/counter flows.
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Migration
Migration can be categorized based on several factors. It can be internal within a country or international between countries. It can be forced due to issues like persecution or natural disasters, or voluntary due to reasons like employment or family. There are also models that try to explain migration patterns, such as Newton's Gravity Model which relates migration numbers to population sizes and distances, and Lee's Model which considers personal factors in migration decisions. Migration impacts places both demographically through population changes, and socially and economically through consequences like changing communities or reducing population pressures.
Chapter 3 Migration
Haitian migrants risked their lives attempting to reach Florida by overcrowded boat in 1994. Many jumped overboard prematurely when the Coast Guard approached, and some undoubtedly lost their lives while others made it to shore. The migrants were fleeing extreme poverty in Haiti and seeking better opportunities elsewhere.
Migration part 1
The document discusses different types of human migration including voluntary migration motivated by economic opportunities and involuntary migration such as refugees fleeing persecution. It outlines key factors that influence migration decisions like distance, push-pull factors, and intervening opportunities. Migration is driven by economic conditions, political instability, environmental disasters, and cultural/traditional changes. Internal migration within countries and international migration between countries are both addressed.
Ch03 AP Human
The document describes a first-hand account from 1994 where the author witnessed an overcrowded boat carrying around 70 Haitian migrants, most of whom were men with some women and children, fleeing the impoverished conditions in Haiti and risking their lives by jumping into the water prematurely to evade the approaching Coast Guard, with some likely drowning while others made it to shore. The Haitians were attempting to enter the US illegally by boat in search of better economic opportunities as their home country of Haiti was the most impoverished in the Western Hemisphere at that time.
Migration kc ppt
Mass global migrations in the 1800s were influenced by population growth, agricultural changes, and the introduction of new crops which created a surplus of workers. Many small farmers migrated in search of new opportunities. Advances in transportation allowed long-distance migration. People migrated voluntarily for work, such as Europeans to the US and South Americans to Argentina. Coercive labor systems also relocated people through indentured servitude and penal colonies. Large-scale migration produced diverse societies and some restrictions but also economic benefits, while creating ethnic enclaves and sparking prejudice in receiving countries.
Migration A1 1
The document discusses different types of human migration. It defines internal migration as movement within a country's borders, while international migration involves crossing country borders. The types of movement include cyclic, which involves returning home, and periodic, which involves longer periods away from home. Migration can be forced due to issues like armed conflict or natural disasters, or voluntary for reasons like job opportunities, marriage, or cultural preservation. Common destinations for migration are areas with economic prospects, cultural groups, or safety from political instability or war. Guest workers and refugees are also discussed.
Migration pdf
This document discusses various types and causes of human migration. It defines migration as a permanent change in residence and distinguishes between emigration, immigration, and internal migration. Key factors that influence migration decisions include economic, political, environmental, cultural, and technological conditions. Migrants weigh "push" factors that induce them to leave their home against "pull" factors that attract them to potential destinations. Forced migration occurs when people have no choice but to flee and become refugees or internally displaced persons. Historic examples of large-scale migrations discussed include African slaves to the Americas, Europeans to North America/South America, and internal migration within countries like the US and Russia.
Presentación 3
Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another to live either permanently or semi-permanently. There are two main types of migration - internal migration within a country and external migration between countries. People migrate for a variety of reasons, called push factors from their origin like lack of resources or pull factors to their destination like more opportunities. Some key terms include emigrants who leave their home country, immigrants who enter a new country, and refugees who flee due to persecution. Migration has occurred throughout human history as people moved from Africa to populate the world.
Vocabulary words migratiion
This document defines various types of human migration terminology. It includes definitions for terms like brain drain, circulation, diaspora, emigration/immigration, forced/voluntary migration, guest workers, migration streams, push-pull factors, remittances, step migration, and suburbanization. The definitions provide examples and explanations of the different concepts relating to population movement and mobility.
Migration A1 1
The document discusses different types of human migration. It defines internal migration as movement within a country's borders, while international migration involves crossing country borders. The types of movement include cyclic, which involves returning home, and periodic, with longer periods away from home. Migration can be forced due to armed conflicts, natural disasters or deportation, or voluntary for reasons like job opportunities, marriage, or cultural preservation. Common destinations for migration include areas with economic prospects, cultural groups, or to flee conflict or war. Local cultures are specific to a place and its community, while popular cultures encompass heterogeneous urban populations and quickly changing shared practices.
Migration
The document discusses various types and patterns of human migration. It describes intercontinental, intracontinental, and rural-to-urban migrations. It also defines forced, reluctant, and voluntary migrations and discusses factors that push or pull people to migrate such as jobs, living conditions, poverty, and conflict. Common migration patterns like step migration and chain migration are explained. The document concludes by outlining Ravenstein's "laws of migration" from the 1870s including that most migrations are short distance and rural-to-urban.
POPULATION CHANGE.pptx
1. Migration is defined as the movement of people between locations. It can be internal within a country or international across country borders.
2. The key causes of migration include economic, social, political, and environmental factors. Economic migration occurs to find work, while political migration happens to escape conflict or persecution.
3. Migration is influenced by "push" factors that encourage people to leave an area, and "pull" factors that attract people to a new location. Rural-urban migration in developing countries is often driven by lack of jobs and land in rural areas.
Neb migration
Migration can involve both internal movement within a country and international movement between countries. Key factors that influence migration decisions include economic, political, environmental, and cultural conditions in both origin and destination locations. The distance between locations, intervening opportunities, and social networks affect the direction and extent of migratory flows. Forced migration of refugees occurs when people flee their home country due to persecution, conflict, or disaster.
Honors geo. ch 6 p.p.
Human migration is driven by both "push" and "pull" factors. Key "push" factors include poverty, environmental conditions like drought, and armed conflicts, while important "pull" factors are perceived economic opportunities and existing social networks in destination locations. Migration can take place internally within a country or internationally across borders. Forced migration produces large refugee populations, challenging international agencies to respond to humanitarian crises and determine refugee status. The global number of refugees continues to rise rapidly.
Honors geo. ch 6 p.p.
Human migration is driven by both "push" and "pull" factors. Key "push" factors include poverty, political oppression, armed conflicts, and poor environmental conditions in places of origin. Important "pull" factors are perceived economic opportunities, family/social connections, and improved quality of life in destination locations. Migration can take place internally within a country or internationally across borders. Both voluntary and forced migration streams have significant impacts on societies and challenge policymakers to respond to humanitarian crises.
Vocabulary words migratiion
This document defines key vocabulary terms related to human migration patterns and processes. Some of the terms defined include brain drain, circulation, diaspora, emigration/immigration, forced/voluntary migration, guest worker, international migration, migration stream, push-pull factors, remittances, and suburbanization. Definitions provide examples to illustrate each migration-related concept.
Migration
This document discusses different types of migration including rural-urban migration, seasonal migration, planned migration, and involuntary migration. It provides details on each type, including common causes, examples, and potential consequences for areas that migrants leave and arrive in, as well as consequences for migrants themselves. Rural-urban migration is driven by population growth and lack of opportunity in rural areas, pushing young males to cities. Planned migration includes Indonesia's transmigration program to relocate people from overpopulated islands like Java to less populated outer islands, with mixed results. Involuntary migration refers to forced migration of refugees fleeing conflict, persecution, or environmental disasters.
Ch06-Migration.ppt
This document discusses key concepts relating to human migration patterns. It explains that geographers study where and why people migrate. The main reasons for migration include economic, cultural, and environmental factors. Major types of migration include internal migration within a country, international migration between countries, and undocumented migration without proper documentation. The document also outlines historical patterns of migration to the United States in three main eras: colonial immigration, 19th century European immigration, and recent immigration from less developed countries.
Week 9 migration and adaptation part 2 2012
Migration is a complex process influenced by various push and pull factors. People migrate for economic, social, political, and environmental reasons, such as seeking jobs, reunifying with family, escaping conflict or natural disasters. While some migration is voluntary, others involve forced displacement. Climate change is expected to be a major driver of future migration as it exacerbates environmental degradation. Managing migration requires understanding its drivers and supporting inclusive policies and community integration to help migrants adapt to their new homes.
Migration A4
There are several types of human migration including cyclic, periodic, and permanent migration. Cyclic migration involves regular short-term moves within a local area, while periodic migration involves staying away from home for longer periods. Permanent migration, also called emigration, involves changing residence with the intent to stay permanently. Some key reasons for human migration include economic opportunities, environmental factors, government policies, and family reunification. Migration can be voluntary, involving personal choices and assessments of pull and push factors, or forced such as situations involving conflict, disasters, or persecution. Governments influence migration through immigration laws and policies that can either encourage or restrict population movement and flow across international borders.
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Agriculture
This document poses a series of questions about different types of agricultural activities depicted in slides and the characteristics of those activities, including whether they are labor intensive or capital intensive, intensive or extensive land use, commercial or subsistence, sedentary or nomadic, and irrigated or non-irrigated. It also provides brief descriptions of von Thunen's model of agricultural land use and characteristics of agricultural landscapes, including fragmented farms, long-lot farms, and the township and range system.
Ch21
Urban Geography studies the functions of cities and how urbanization has occurred historically and in different parts of the world. It analyzes the internal geography of cities and the distribution of housing, industry, commerce, and other functions. Early cities formed near dependable water supplies with fertile land and building materials where crops, trade, and defense were supported. Control of irrigation and religious authority were factors in ancient cities like Mesopotamia, while Greek and Roman cities organized public spaces and infrastructure that diffused across their empires. Medieval Islamic cities separated public and private domains while trade cities arose with globalization. Industrialization separated homes and workplaces with new urban forms and suburbanization emerging in modern times.
Ch.2
Culture is defined as a group's way of life including shared social meanings, values, and relationships passed between generations. Cultural geography examines how culture and place influence each other, including the distribution of cultural groups and reasons for those distributions. A culture complex consists of interrelated cultural traits related to an aspect of a society. A culture region shares common traits while a culture realm includes related culture regions with a common system. Cultural landscapes show the imprint of a culture on the land over time.
Religious Conflict
The document discusses several religious conflicts around the world that occur along interfaith and intrafaith boundaries. It mentions conflicts in Nigeria between Islam and Christianity, civil war in Sudan over attempts to impose sharia law, the situation in Darfur is described as not being a religious conflict. Other religious conflicts mentioned include those in Ethiopia, India over Kashmir and Ayodhya, Sri Lanka between Tamils and Sinhalese, Armenia and Azerbaijan, the former Yugoslavia, Israel and Palestine, and Northern Ireland. It also notes the Sunni-Shi'ite conflict as an intrafaith issue.
Population Pyramids
Population pyramids are graphical representations that show the distribution of various age and sex groups in a population. They provide insights into factors like growth rate, median age, and dependency ratio. Demographic momentum refers to the phenomenon where high birth rates in past decades result in a large population of young people entering reproductive age, fueling further population growth even as birth rates decline.
Ch2
Culture is defined as a group's way of life, including shared social meanings, values, and relationships passed between generations. Cultural geography examines how culture and place influence each other. Culture traits are single elements of normal cultural practice, such as beliefs, institutions, language, and technology. A culture complex consists of interrelated culture traits related to an aspect of a society. A culture region shares common culture traits, while a culture realm comprises multiple related culture regions with a shared system. Cultural landscapes show the imprint of a culture on the land over time through subsequent occupations. Culture hearths are regions where key cultural developments like religion and agriculture originate. Cultural diffusion is the spread of ideas between areas through various processes such as expansion, relocation,
Chapter18agriculture
The document discusses different types of economic activities from primary to quinary. It explains that primary activities involve extracting resources and must be located near those resources. Secondary activities add value to resources through processing and need to be accessible to resources, markets, and labor. Tertiary activities provide services to primary and secondary sectors and are located near markets. Quaternary and quinary activities involve information processing and high-level management and tend to cluster in certain areas with good infrastructure. The document also covers traditional agricultural systems from subsistence to commercial farming and how agriculture has evolved over time through technological innovations.
Global Industry
This document discusses the global distribution of major industrial regions throughout history and how they have changed over time. It focuses on the key industrial regions that emerged in Western/Central Europe, Eastern North America, Russia/Ukraine, and Eastern Asia, driven initially by access to coal and other resources. It also examines emerging industrial powers like India and discusses concepts like growth poles, deindustrialization, and maquiladoras in Mexico affected by NAFTA.
Industrial Location
The document discusses factors that influence the geographic location of industrial activity. It identifies nine main factors: 1) access to raw materials, 2) sources of power, 3) availability of labor, 4) proximity to markets, 5) transportation costs, 6) organizational and political environment, 7) supporting infrastructure and agglomeration effects, 8) environmental considerations, and 9) locational interdependence between industries. It provides examples to illustrate how each factor has impacted the location of industries throughout history and varying importance of factors based on technological changes.
Ch 19
The document describes different types of rural settlements around the world. In the Eastern Hemisphere, agricultural landscapes consist of fragmented and dispersed farms, with fields located varying distances from villages. In Asia and Southern Europe, farm plots are roughly rectangular, while narrow strips are more common in Western and central Europe. Long-lot farms feature long, narrow blocks stretching back from roads or waterways, seen in parts of Canada, Quebec and Texas. The township and range system imposed a rectangular grid pattern on some landscapes.
Ch 25
The document discusses the major industrial regions of the world and their development over time. It covers the industrialization of Western and Central Europe and Eastern North America through World War I. It then discusses the mid-to-late 20th century emergence of secondary manufacturing regions in North America, Europe, the former Soviet Union, Eastern Asia, and South Asia, noting increasing dependence on oil and natural gas. It raises questions about growth poles and deindustrialization.
Ch1
Human geography is the study of how humans interact with places and environments. It examines the reasons why people and activities are located where they are, and how location impacts other places. The five fundamental themes of human geography are location, place, movement, region, and human-environment interaction. Geographers study these themes to understand how distinctive social, cultural, political, and environmental characteristics shape places and the relationships between different locations.
Ch14
The document discusses the evolution of territoriality and nation-states. It explains that humans have an innate need to belong to larger groups that control territory. The rise of nation-states began in the 1500s as military technology advanced, requiring larger, more centralized states for defense. The 1648 Peace of Westphalia established the modern system of independent nation-states based on clearly defined territories with sovereign control. Nation-states emerged fully during the French Revolution, with loyalty owed to the nation rather than a monarch. Characteristics like a state's size, shape, location can influence its challenges and opportunities for governance.
Ch28
The document discusses several topics related to urban landscapes including:
1) Ethnic diversity and immigration in European cities, and how immigrants are housed.
2) Gentrification and revitalization efforts in some US cities like Baltimore and Houston.
3) Differences between urban planning and development in North American versus European cities, with European cities tending to be more compact and use greenbelt planning.
4) Examples of urban planning in Paris and the Randstad region of the Netherlands that aim to manage growth while preserving green spaces.
Demographic Transition
This document discusses demographic transition models and provides examples of the demographic transitions of Denmark, Chile, and Cape Verde. It includes a handout to help identify which stage of demographic transition different countries and regions are in.
Nutrition Health
Global disparities in nutrition and health are influenced by several key factors. Food distribution systems often fail to deliver adequate nutrition, especially in places like Somalia. Many people cannot afford food costs. Cultural practices sometimes favor males over females. Parts of the world most vulnerable to hunger have the lowest average daily calorie consumption. Higher infant mortality rates are associated with the physical health of the mother, improper weaning practices, poor sanitation leading to diarrhea, and malnutrition conditions like marasmus and kwashiorkor. Life expectancy is much lower in less developed countries due largely to a higher prevalence of infectious diseases.
Culture Globalization
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and integration of economies, societies and cultures across international borders. Key factors driving globalization include the internationalization of finance, technological innovation, and the growth of global consumer markets. While globalization has increased economic well-being in many areas, it has also led to economic decline in some regions and a loss of local cultural diversity as global products spread. Views on the impacts of cultural globalization range from seeing it as beneficial in promoting integration, to harmful if it leads to the destruction of local cultural heritage and identity.
Language
The document discusses several topics related to the geography of language:
- Standard languages are accepted community norms for syntax, vocabulary and pronunciation, decided by those in power. Dialects vary in these areas and denote social class or region.
- Pidgins are simplified languages used informally, with limited vocabulary and structure. Creoles evolve when a pidgin becomes a first language.
- Lingua francas are third languages used between groups who would not otherwise understand each other, like Swahili in East Africa.
- Official languages and multilingualism are discussed in relation to countries like Switzerland, Mexico, Nigeria.
- Language families, subfamilies and groups are classified based on common ancestry over thousands of years
Malthus
The document summarizes the ideas of several influential population thinkers:
1) Thomas Malthus believed that population would grow exponentially while food production increased arithmetically, leading to periodic famines that halted population growth.
2) Paul Ehrlich warned that overpopulation would cause hundreds of millions to starve due to environmental damage from population explosion.
3) The Club of Rome predicted that increased pollution and decreased resources would lead to population collapse in the mid-21st century based on computer simulations.
Ch22
The document discusses key concepts in urban geography including site, situation, and agglomeration. It summarizes Walter Christaller's central place theory, which proposes that settlements are organized in a hierarchical pattern with larger central places providing higher-order goods and services to surrounding hinterlands. Christaller's model assumes uniform landscapes and transport networks and predicts that larger central places will be spaced farther apart than smaller ones. The document also briefly discusses theories of urban structure including concentric zone, sector, and multiple nuclei models, and notes that edge cities have developed on the fringes of many metropolitan areas.
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9
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Ch6
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