Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and integration of economies, societies and cultures across international borders. Key factors driving globalization include the internationalization of finance, technological innovation, and the growth of global consumer markets. While globalization has increased economic well-being in many areas, it has also led to economic decline in some regions and a loss of local cultural diversity as global products spread. Views on the impacts of cultural globalization range from seeing it as beneficial in promoting integration, to harmful if it leads to the destruction of local cultural heritage and identity.

1. Cultural Change in an Era of Globalization Chapter 29

2. Michael Jordan Geography Major at UNC

3. Globalization… … the expansion and intensification of linkages and flows of capital, people, goods, ideas, and cultures across national borders.

4. Factors contributing to globalization: The new international division of labor --manufacturing production has been decentralized from core to peripheral regions. --new specializations (high tech and producer services) have emerged within the core.

5. Factors contributing to globalization: 2. The internationalization of finance. You can use your American Express for an acupuncture Session in China. An ATM machine in Hong Kong.

6. Factors contributing to globalization: Technological innovation Robotics, microelectronics, biotechnology, Digital telecommunications

7. Factors contributing to globalization: Growth of consumer markets. Similar trends in consumer tastes among the world’s affluent--a new materialism in which people indulge in affordable luxuries that are marketed as symbols of style and distinctiveness.

8. Economic globalization is in its early stages, and the local response is sure to be an important cultural struggle in the coming decades.

9. Some progressive changes have accompanied globalization… …increased overall levels of economic well-being. …strengthening of free enterprise and democracy. …an enriched flow of products, ideas, and culture.

10. One view… "The homogenizing influences of globalization that are most often condemned by the new nationalists and by cultural romanticists are actually positive; globalization promotes integration and the removal not only of cultural barriers but of many of the negative dimensions of culture. Globalization is a vital step toward both a more stable world and better lives for the people in it." -- David Rothkopf, "In Praise of Cultural Imperialism," Foreign Policy June 22, 1997

11. Globalization has also brought problems …economic decline in some areas as capital flows towards more profitable ventures elsewhere. …undercutting of the power of national and local governments to regulate economic affairs. …loss of local diversity with the economic success of global products.

12. another view… "Many societies, particularly indigenous peoples, view culture as their richest heritage, without which they have no roots, history or soul. Its value is other than monetary. To commodify it is to destroy it." -- Maude Barlow, "The Global Monoculture," Earth Island Journal.

13. Landscape convergence Borrowing of idealized landscapes--postmodern landscapes Times Square Japan’s Ginza District

14. Landscape convergence Architectural forms and planning ideals Singapore Frankfurt New York City

16. Landscape convergence Individual businesses and products

21. Judging by the various products being advertised, this scene could have come from a typical American city. This is actually the main shopping district of downtown Guatemala City, Guatemala

22. The Marlboro Man in Egypt

23. Picasso’s anti-war Guernica commemorated the 1937 bombing of a Basque village under Franco’s rule.

24. Picasso’s Guernica (NOT!)

25. Impacts of Globalization of culture: Dominance of American culture in music, television, and film. Concerns over cultural homogenization

26. The “glocalization”of culture? Marvel comics has adapted Spiderman in order to tap a large Indian market.

27. Folk Culture Clothing styles of Guatemala

28. Kufiyah-capped Bedouin shepherds in the desert of northeast Jordan.

29. Amish

30. Popular Culture

32. Chinese food in Israel

33. Commodification; something that previously had not been regarded as something to be bought or sold and turning it into something to be traded in a market economy.

34. Reactions to Cultural Globalization Problem of how to accept some aspects of globalization without entirely subverting traditional practices. Concern over loss of local distinctiveness and identity (in the core and in the periphery).

35. The building of a Walmart near Mexico’s Pyramid of the Sun has sparked protest.

36. Jihad vs McWorld? Photo is from the cover of Benjamin Barber’s book.

37. McWorld is shorthand for the globalization of culture that has accompanied economic globalization. Jihad is shorthand for cultural values (not necessarily Islamic) that are underpinned by religious fundamentalism, traditional tribal allegiances, and opposition to Western materialism. Barber suggests that the future will be one of “tribal warfare.” Barber’s book has been criticized for being too simplistic--he does not take into account the complexity of non-Western cultures.

38. Seattle protests against the WTO: