Migration is a complex process influenced by various push and pull factors. People migrate for economic, social, political, and environmental reasons, such as seeking jobs, reunifying with family, escaping conflict or natural disasters. While some migration is voluntary, others involve forced displacement. Climate change is expected to be a major driver of future migration as it exacerbates environmental degradation. Managing migration requires understanding its drivers and supporting inclusive policies and community integration to help migrants adapt to their new homes.
The document summarizes environmental migration in Darfur, Sudan. It describes how drought and decreasing rainfall have led to degradation of natural resources and conflict between farmers and herders. Climate change is projected to further reduce the growing season. This has displaced millions within Sudan, including over 272,000 in Darfur as of 2019. The conflict in Darfur began in 2003 when rebels protested the government's disregard for the region. In response, government-backed militias terrorized civilians and prevented aid, leading to further displacement. Environmental issues like water scarcity, degradation, and climate change have exacerbated the conflict by increasing competition over scarce resources.
Environmental refugees: Searching for the hauntIARI, NEW DELHI
Environmental refugees are the people,
who can no longer access a secure
livelihood in their motherlands because of
e n v i r o n m e n t a l c a l a m i t i e s l i k e
d e s e r t i c a t i o n , c l o u d b u r s t i n g ,
deforestation, ooding, tsunami,
e r o s i o n , l a n d s l i d i n g a n d o t h e r
environmental problems, together with
the associated problems of population
pressures and prevalent poverty.
This document summarizes the objectives and content of a media training workshop on migration terminology held in Ghana. The workshop aimed to: 1) Increase and improve media coverage of migration issues in West Africa; 2) Help journalists understand migration's development benefits to avoid one-sided reporting; and 3) Strengthen relationships between media and research organizations working on migration. The workshop covered definitions of key migration terms, theories of migration, causes and effects of migration, and statistical data collection on migration in West Africa. Participants learned how to conduct in-depth migration stories and consider multiple perspectives.
This document outlines various topics in regional geography, including natural environment and climate change, natural hazards and resources, human geography, languages, religions, political geography, governments, global governance, and economic geography. It defines key terms and concepts for each topic, such as the different types of natural hazards, languages, religions, governments, and economic sectors around the world. The document also discusses how political geography examines relationships between politics and places.
The document discusses various types and causes of human migration. It defines migration as the permanent movement of people across national or international borders. It then describes different types of migration like internal, international, chain, and relay migration. Forced migration types include refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. Voluntary migration involves emigrants and immigrants. The document also examines push-pull factors, migration patterns and data, and the theories of migration proposed by scholars like Ravenstein, Lee, Todaro, and Stark.
This document discusses different types of migration including forced and voluntary migration. It notes that humanitarian organizations have traditionally prioritized assisting refugees fleeing conflict, violence or persecution. However, given the increasing complexity of migration flows, some argue humanitarian organizations should take a more inclusive approach and address the needs of all migrants, regardless of their legal status. The document discusses some of the key needs of migrant populations including basic necessities, healthcare, special protections for women and children, food security and water sanitation, and ensuring their human rights are upheld.
A presentation given to the Conference of INGOs committee for Democracy, Social Cohesion and Global Challenges on the significance of climate change as one of the complex factors affecting migration.
The conclusion suggests that climat change is a critical factor in all aspects of the work that the Council of Europe is involved in and that environmental issues - especially sustainable development - should be a top priority for its future work
The document summarizes environmental migration in Darfur, Sudan. It describes how drought and decreasing rainfall have led to degradation of natural resources and conflict between farmers and herders. Climate change is projected to further reduce the growing season. This has displaced millions within Sudan, including over 272,000 in Darfur as of 2019. The conflict in Darfur began in 2003 when rebels protested the government's disregard for the region. In response, government-backed militias terrorized civilians and prevented aid, leading to further displacement. Environmental issues like water scarcity, degradation, and climate change have exacerbated the conflict by increasing competition over scarce resources.
Environmental refugees: Searching for the hauntIARI, NEW DELHI
Environmental refugees are the people,
who can no longer access a secure
livelihood in their motherlands because of
e n v i r o n m e n t a l c a l a m i t i e s l i k e
d e s e r t i c a t i o n , c l o u d b u r s t i n g ,
deforestation, ooding, tsunami,
e r o s i o n , l a n d s l i d i n g a n d o t h e r
environmental problems, together with
the associated problems of population
pressures and prevalent poverty.
This document summarizes the objectives and content of a media training workshop on migration terminology held in Ghana. The workshop aimed to: 1) Increase and improve media coverage of migration issues in West Africa; 2) Help journalists understand migration's development benefits to avoid one-sided reporting; and 3) Strengthen relationships between media and research organizations working on migration. The workshop covered definitions of key migration terms, theories of migration, causes and effects of migration, and statistical data collection on migration in West Africa. Participants learned how to conduct in-depth migration stories and consider multiple perspectives.
This document outlines various topics in regional geography, including natural environment and climate change, natural hazards and resources, human geography, languages, religions, political geography, governments, global governance, and economic geography. It defines key terms and concepts for each topic, such as the different types of natural hazards, languages, religions, governments, and economic sectors around the world. The document also discusses how political geography examines relationships between politics and places.
The document discusses various types and causes of human migration. It defines migration as the permanent movement of people across national or international borders. It then describes different types of migration like internal, international, chain, and relay migration. Forced migration types include refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers. Voluntary migration involves emigrants and immigrants. The document also examines push-pull factors, migration patterns and data, and the theories of migration proposed by scholars like Ravenstein, Lee, Todaro, and Stark.
This document discusses different types of migration including forced and voluntary migration. It notes that humanitarian organizations have traditionally prioritized assisting refugees fleeing conflict, violence or persecution. However, given the increasing complexity of migration flows, some argue humanitarian organizations should take a more inclusive approach and address the needs of all migrants, regardless of their legal status. The document discusses some of the key needs of migrant populations including basic necessities, healthcare, special protections for women and children, food security and water sanitation, and ensuring their human rights are upheld.
A presentation given to the Conference of INGOs committee for Democracy, Social Cohesion and Global Challenges on the significance of climate change as one of the complex factors affecting migration.
The conclusion suggests that climat change is a critical factor in all aspects of the work that the Council of Europe is involved in and that environmental issues - especially sustainable development - should be a top priority for its future work
Migration is the movement of people between locations for permanent or semi-permanent residence. There are several types of migration, including internal within a country, external between countries, immigration into a new country, and seasonal moves for work. People migrate due to both "push" factors like poverty, conflict, or natural disasters in their home location, as well as "pull" factors like opportunities for better jobs or living standards elsewhere. Migration impacts both places of origin and destination through the spread of culture, ideas, and economic changes. In Bangladesh, many people migrate internally or to other countries due to environmental and economic factors, transforming communities and the national economy.
Environmental, cultural, economic, and political factors all influence human migration. Natural disasters, droughts, epidemics, and social upheaval cause people to relocate. Cultural and religious opportunities also motivate migration between countries. Most migrate for economic reasons seeking better standards of living, as poverty and hunger force many from developing nations. Political crises, war, and fear of persecution additionally propel people to emigrate for safety.
Lee's model of migration proposes that people move due to push and pull factors. Push factors induce people to leave their origin location due to negatives like poverty or instability, while pull factors attract people to destinations that have positives like job opportunities or thriving economies. People evaluate the push and pull factors of different locations along with any intervening obstacles like distance or borders to determine if the factors are strong enough to force or entice migration, or if closer intermediate locations are preferable.
This document discusses several theories related to the study of population movement and migration. It begins by outlining reasons for studying populations and migration, such as understanding economics, geography, politics, sociology, demography and linguistics. It then examines dimensions of migration study, including within or between nations, voluntary or coerced movement, and push or pull factors. Several sections summarize theories on topics like marriage as migration, the history of families, economic reasons for marrying and having children, and how economic changes have affected modern marriages. The document also provides summaries of several economic migration initiation theories and perpetuation theories.
FMO has adopted the definition of ‘forced migration’ promoted by the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM) which describes it as ‘a general term that refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (those displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects.’ FMO views forced migration as a complex, wide-ranging and pervasive set of phenomena. The study of forced migration is multidisciplinary, international, and multisectoral, incorporating academic, practitioner, agency and local perspectives. FMO focuses on three separate, although sometimes simultaneous and inter-related, types of forced migration. These three types are categorized according to their causal factors: conflict, development policies and projects, and disasters.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :
This document provides an overview of global migration trends and the causes and effects of human migration. It notes that 191 million people lived outside their country of birth in 2005, which is double the number since World War II. The main causes of migration discussed are economic factors like employment opportunities, political factors like war or persecution, and social factors like family reunification. The effects outlined include impacts on immigrants, host countries, home countries, and multi-national issues.
The document discusses population distribution and factors influencing it. It explains that population distribution is uneven globally, with some areas being densely populated and others sparsely populated. Physical factors like climate and terrain as well as human factors like economic opportunities influence these patterns. The document also covers population change over time, migration patterns, and population pyramids.
Climate Refugees: Uncertainty and InsecurityJosh Gellers
This lecture presents the precarious state of climate refugees, whose status is not defined under current international law. It examines several case studies (Syria, Tuvalu, and Kivalina) in which populations are on the move or are under imminent danger as a result, directly or indirectly, of climate change. The presentation also evaluates several possible solutions devised by legal scholars and political scientists to address to what many regard as an impending crisis.
A presentation on Migration including bird, human and even brain drain. Also includes immigration and emigration and push and pull factors of migration. A complete project on migration.
The document discusses global migration trends and patterns. It notes that 191 million people lived outside their country of birth in 2005, which is double the number since World War II. It then outlines some of the main economic, political, and social causes that drive migration, such as seeking better economic opportunities, escaping conflict or persecution, and reuniting with family/friends. The document also summarizes some of the effects of migration on immigrants, host countries, and home countries, including economic and social impacts as well as issues around identity, culture, and loss of skilled workers.
Cultural heritage and post war recovery, s barakat, 24 october 2011Irfan Ullah
This document discusses challenges to integrating cultural heritage into recovery efforts in areas affected by conflicts and natural disasters. It examines case studies of Haiti, Myanmar, Guatemala, and Aceh, Indonesia. Common challenges faced in these areas include a lack of strong cultural institutions, incomplete inventories of cultural sites and artifacts, and low emergency response capacity. The document argues for the importance of understanding local contexts, developing shared visions of recovery, establishing collaborative governance, and viewing intervention as a process of long-term development rather than just emergency response.
Forced migration has accompanied persecution, as well as war, throughout human history but has only become a topic of serious study and discussion relatively recently. This increased attention is the result of greater ease of travel, allowing displaced persons to flee to nations far removed from their homes, the creation of an international legal structure of human rights, and the realizations that the destabilizing effects of forced migration, especially in parts of Africa, the Middle East, south and central Asia, ripple out well beyond the immediate region.
This document discusses various types and causes of human migration. It defines migration as a permanent change in residence and distinguishes between emigration, immigration, and internal migration. Key factors that influence migration decisions include economic, political, environmental, cultural, and technological conditions. Migrants weigh "push" factors that induce them to leave their home against "pull" factors that attract them to potential destinations. Forced migration occurs when people have no choice but to flee and become refugees or internally displaced persons. Historic examples of large-scale migrations discussed include African slaves to the Americas, Europeans to North America/South America, and internal migration within countries like the US and Russia.
The document discusses climate change and its impacts in Uganda. It provides an overview of climate change, defining it as long-term shifts in weather patterns due to human activity. It then discusses the impacts of climate change, including decreased food yields, flooding, droughts and increased spread of diseases. The document also discusses how climate change can potentially contribute to conflicts by exacerbating competition for scarce resources. It notes Africa's vulnerability to climate change due to factors like heavy reliance on agriculture and weak infrastructure. Finally, it discusses some initiatives countries in Africa have taken to address climate change.
Migration can be categorized based on several factors. It can be internal within a country or international between countries. It can be forced due to issues like persecution or natural disasters, or voluntary due to reasons like employment or family. There are also models that try to explain migration patterns, such as Newton's Gravity Model which relates migration numbers to population sizes and distances, and Lee's Model which considers personal factors in migration decisions. Migration impacts places both demographically through population changes, and socially and economically through consequences like changing communities or reducing population pressures.
Migration is the movement of people between locations. There are many reasons why people migrate, including economic, social, political, and environmental factors. Migration can be international or internal, and is driven by "push" factors in the origin location and "pull" factors in the destination. Common push factors include lack of jobs, poverty, and conflict, while pull factors include opportunities for better employment and quality of life. Migration impacts both origins and destinations.
This document is a project report submitted by Manoj Thadani to the University of Mumbai for their Master of Commerce program. The report examines trends in migration within India. It includes an introduction, definitions of migration, different types of migration, causes of migration, reasons for migration, key findings from the Indian NSSO survey on migration from 2007-2008, and a conclusion. The NSSO survey found that around 30% of Indians are migrants, with most migration occurring within states rather than between states. It also analyzed patterns of intra-state, inter-state, rural-urban migration and reasons for migration.
AS Level Human Geography - Migration of Population Arm Punyathorn
This chapter has very recently been expanded from being a mere part of the population dynamic topic. A good call since migration has become a pretty big issue in the world today as population mobility has greatly increased in the 21st century.
The World Youth Report 2013—Youth Migration and Development is the product of the efforts, contributions and support of many people and organizations. From the outset, the process of developing the Report involved a range of participatory
consultations designed to draw on the perspectives of youth on how migration affects them. These consultative sessions
included a five-week e-consultation process, a survey on youth migration and development, a call for visual art
illustrating the daily life experiences of young migrants as well as youth initiatives on migration and development,
and a Google+ Hangout held on 6 March 2013 to identify sustainable solutions for addressing youth migration challenges.
For more information: http://www.unworldyouthreport.org/
The document outlines a publication plan for a monthly music magazine that will be priced at £3.50 and distributed in supermarkets, newsagents, and large shops. It will have an informal tone and around 70 pages of content, including exclusive band interviews, reviews of upcoming albums and tours, profiles of new artists, and regular sections like fan letters, concert listings, and debates on popular bands.
Migration is the movement of people between locations for permanent or semi-permanent residence. There are several types of migration, including internal within a country, external between countries, immigration into a new country, and seasonal moves for work. People migrate due to both "push" factors like poverty, conflict, or natural disasters in their home location, as well as "pull" factors like opportunities for better jobs or living standards elsewhere. Migration impacts both places of origin and destination through the spread of culture, ideas, and economic changes. In Bangladesh, many people migrate internally or to other countries due to environmental and economic factors, transforming communities and the national economy.
Environmental, cultural, economic, and political factors all influence human migration. Natural disasters, droughts, epidemics, and social upheaval cause people to relocate. Cultural and religious opportunities also motivate migration between countries. Most migrate for economic reasons seeking better standards of living, as poverty and hunger force many from developing nations. Political crises, war, and fear of persecution additionally propel people to emigrate for safety.
Lee's model of migration proposes that people move due to push and pull factors. Push factors induce people to leave their origin location due to negatives like poverty or instability, while pull factors attract people to destinations that have positives like job opportunities or thriving economies. People evaluate the push and pull factors of different locations along with any intervening obstacles like distance or borders to determine if the factors are strong enough to force or entice migration, or if closer intermediate locations are preferable.
This document discusses several theories related to the study of population movement and migration. It begins by outlining reasons for studying populations and migration, such as understanding economics, geography, politics, sociology, demography and linguistics. It then examines dimensions of migration study, including within or between nations, voluntary or coerced movement, and push or pull factors. Several sections summarize theories on topics like marriage as migration, the history of families, economic reasons for marrying and having children, and how economic changes have affected modern marriages. The document also provides summaries of several economic migration initiation theories and perpetuation theories.
FMO has adopted the definition of ‘forced migration’ promoted by the International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM) which describes it as ‘a general term that refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (those displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects.’ FMO views forced migration as a complex, wide-ranging and pervasive set of phenomena. The study of forced migration is multidisciplinary, international, and multisectoral, incorporating academic, practitioner, agency and local perspectives. FMO focuses on three separate, although sometimes simultaneous and inter-related, types of forced migration. These three types are categorized according to their causal factors: conflict, development policies and projects, and disasters.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The Journal will bring together leading researchers, engineers and scientists in the domain of interest from around the world. Topics of interest for submission include, but are not limited to :
This document provides an overview of global migration trends and the causes and effects of human migration. It notes that 191 million people lived outside their country of birth in 2005, which is double the number since World War II. The main causes of migration discussed are economic factors like employment opportunities, political factors like war or persecution, and social factors like family reunification. The effects outlined include impacts on immigrants, host countries, home countries, and multi-national issues.
The document discusses population distribution and factors influencing it. It explains that population distribution is uneven globally, with some areas being densely populated and others sparsely populated. Physical factors like climate and terrain as well as human factors like economic opportunities influence these patterns. The document also covers population change over time, migration patterns, and population pyramids.
Climate Refugees: Uncertainty and InsecurityJosh Gellers
This lecture presents the precarious state of climate refugees, whose status is not defined under current international law. It examines several case studies (Syria, Tuvalu, and Kivalina) in which populations are on the move or are under imminent danger as a result, directly or indirectly, of climate change. The presentation also evaluates several possible solutions devised by legal scholars and political scientists to address to what many regard as an impending crisis.
A presentation on Migration including bird, human and even brain drain. Also includes immigration and emigration and push and pull factors of migration. A complete project on migration.
The document discusses global migration trends and patterns. It notes that 191 million people lived outside their country of birth in 2005, which is double the number since World War II. It then outlines some of the main economic, political, and social causes that drive migration, such as seeking better economic opportunities, escaping conflict or persecution, and reuniting with family/friends. The document also summarizes some of the effects of migration on immigrants, host countries, and home countries, including economic and social impacts as well as issues around identity, culture, and loss of skilled workers.
Cultural heritage and post war recovery, s barakat, 24 october 2011Irfan Ullah
This document discusses challenges to integrating cultural heritage into recovery efforts in areas affected by conflicts and natural disasters. It examines case studies of Haiti, Myanmar, Guatemala, and Aceh, Indonesia. Common challenges faced in these areas include a lack of strong cultural institutions, incomplete inventories of cultural sites and artifacts, and low emergency response capacity. The document argues for the importance of understanding local contexts, developing shared visions of recovery, establishing collaborative governance, and viewing intervention as a process of long-term development rather than just emergency response.
Forced migration has accompanied persecution, as well as war, throughout human history but has only become a topic of serious study and discussion relatively recently. This increased attention is the result of greater ease of travel, allowing displaced persons to flee to nations far removed from their homes, the creation of an international legal structure of human rights, and the realizations that the destabilizing effects of forced migration, especially in parts of Africa, the Middle East, south and central Asia, ripple out well beyond the immediate region.
This document discusses various types and causes of human migration. It defines migration as a permanent change in residence and distinguishes between emigration, immigration, and internal migration. Key factors that influence migration decisions include economic, political, environmental, cultural, and technological conditions. Migrants weigh "push" factors that induce them to leave their home against "pull" factors that attract them to potential destinations. Forced migration occurs when people have no choice but to flee and become refugees or internally displaced persons. Historic examples of large-scale migrations discussed include African slaves to the Americas, Europeans to North America/South America, and internal migration within countries like the US and Russia.
The document discusses climate change and its impacts in Uganda. It provides an overview of climate change, defining it as long-term shifts in weather patterns due to human activity. It then discusses the impacts of climate change, including decreased food yields, flooding, droughts and increased spread of diseases. The document also discusses how climate change can potentially contribute to conflicts by exacerbating competition for scarce resources. It notes Africa's vulnerability to climate change due to factors like heavy reliance on agriculture and weak infrastructure. Finally, it discusses some initiatives countries in Africa have taken to address climate change.
Migration can be categorized based on several factors. It can be internal within a country or international between countries. It can be forced due to issues like persecution or natural disasters, or voluntary due to reasons like employment or family. There are also models that try to explain migration patterns, such as Newton's Gravity Model which relates migration numbers to population sizes and distances, and Lee's Model which considers personal factors in migration decisions. Migration impacts places both demographically through population changes, and socially and economically through consequences like changing communities or reducing population pressures.
Migration is the movement of people between locations. There are many reasons why people migrate, including economic, social, political, and environmental factors. Migration can be international or internal, and is driven by "push" factors in the origin location and "pull" factors in the destination. Common push factors include lack of jobs, poverty, and conflict, while pull factors include opportunities for better employment and quality of life. Migration impacts both origins and destinations.
This document is a project report submitted by Manoj Thadani to the University of Mumbai for their Master of Commerce program. The report examines trends in migration within India. It includes an introduction, definitions of migration, different types of migration, causes of migration, reasons for migration, key findings from the Indian NSSO survey on migration from 2007-2008, and a conclusion. The NSSO survey found that around 30% of Indians are migrants, with most migration occurring within states rather than between states. It also analyzed patterns of intra-state, inter-state, rural-urban migration and reasons for migration.
AS Level Human Geography - Migration of Population Arm Punyathorn
This chapter has very recently been expanded from being a mere part of the population dynamic topic. A good call since migration has become a pretty big issue in the world today as population mobility has greatly increased in the 21st century.
The World Youth Report 2013—Youth Migration and Development is the product of the efforts, contributions and support of many people and organizations. From the outset, the process of developing the Report involved a range of participatory
consultations designed to draw on the perspectives of youth on how migration affects them. These consultative sessions
included a five-week e-consultation process, a survey on youth migration and development, a call for visual art
illustrating the daily life experiences of young migrants as well as youth initiatives on migration and development,
and a Google+ Hangout held on 6 March 2013 to identify sustainable solutions for addressing youth migration challenges.
For more information: http://www.unworldyouthreport.org/
The document outlines a publication plan for a monthly music magazine that will be priced at £3.50 and distributed in supermarkets, newsagents, and large shops. It will have an informal tone and around 70 pages of content, including exclusive band interviews, reviews of upcoming albums and tours, profiles of new artists, and regular sections like fan letters, concert listings, and debates on popular bands.
I created a photo album to collect memories from my travels over the past year. It contains pictures from my trips to various countries in Europe and Asia. The photo album allows me to look back and reminisce about the sights I saw, people I met, and experiences I had while visiting new places around the world.
This presentation from the User Exprerience conference 2013 ( http://2013.userexperience.ru/ ).
Main focus on:
- Personalized merchandising
- Personalized advertising
- Dynamic pricing (price discrimination)
- Products recommendations
Purrfect is a photo enhancing app that allows users to easily add cat filters and effects to images for sharing on social media. It offers an easy and stable experience with features for keeping content clean and entertaining friends. While competitors focus only on adding cats or have limited sharing options, Purrfect provides a full suite of photo editing, saving, and sharing capabilities. Developing the app's user interface and handling screen rotation posed initial challenges, but future plans include releasing versions for iOS and expanding visibility in the App Store.
The document summarizes key events and developments during the Jeffersonian Era in the early 1800s. It discusses the transition to "common man" politics under Andrew Jackson, the 12th Amendment addressing the electoral college, the Chesapeake Affair sparking the Embargo Act, and John Marshall's landmark Supreme Court decisions expanding federal power. It also covers the Louisiana Purchase doubling the size of the US, the Lewis and Clark Expedition exploring the new territory, Sacajawea's role as guide, and clashes between settlers and Native Americans led by Tecumseh.
This document describes the process of creating a contents page for a school project. The author began by adding a contents list and picture in Microsoft Quark Xpress. More pictures and page numbers were then included to provide details of what happens on each page. Finally, the color was changed and additional page numbers and descriptions were added to complete the contents page.
Manifest Destiny was an idea that dominated thinking in the 1840s that America was destined and ordained by God to occupy the entire North American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans. This motivated the expansion of the United States to acquire more land and seek gold. Missionaries like Marcus and Narcissa Whitman helped spread American settlers to the Oregon territory as part of this Manifest Destiny.
The document provides information on HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malnutrition, and food security. It discusses what HIV/AIDS is, how it is transmitted and treated. It also discusses what tuberculosis is and its link to HIV/AIDS, as well as how it is treated. The document then discusses what malnutrition is, the different forms it can take including undernutrition, and how it is assessed. It describes the vicious cycles between tuberculosis, malnutrition, and HIV/AIDS and why focusing on nutrition is important. Finally, it outlines the benefits of good nutrition for people living with HIV/AIDS and their families.
The document summarizes why English settlers came to America and the establishment of early English colonies. It discusses that English settlers came for economic reasons like tobacco farming and fur trading as well as to escape political and religious persecution in England. The first successful English colony was Jamestown, established in 1607, which struggled at first but was saved by the implementation of discipline, improved native relations under John Smith, and the introduction of self-governance and female settlers. Subsequent colonies like Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay were founded by religious dissenters seeking freedom to practice their faith. Other colonies like Rhode Island, Pennsylvania and Maryland were established with principles of religious tolerance and freedom.
This document discusses the relationship between environmental change and human migration. It provides context on definitions of "environmental refugees" and "environmental migrants." While some studies estimate millions of people could be displaced by 2050 due to climate change impacts, there is low confidence in precise projections. The document examines factors like drought, flooding, and sea level rise that may influence migration patterns. However, it also notes that most environmentally-influenced movement is internal and temporary. The document then considers policy options, noting limitations of applying a refugee framework and emphasizing approaches like building resilience and planning for urban growth and relocation.
This document discusses the relationship between environmental change and human migration. It provides context on definitions of "environmental refugees" and "environmental migrants." While some studies estimate millions of people could be displaced by 2050 due to climate change impacts, there is low confidence in precise projections. The document examines factors like drought, flooding, and sea level rise that may influence migration patterns. However, it also notes that most environment-related movement is temporary and within countries or regions. The document considers policy options around addressing protection gaps for people displaced by environmental impacts. It frames addressing migration as an adaptation strategy and discusses approaches like building resilience and flexibility into governance.
Migration is a major concern in today's world, especially in countries like Bangladesh. Let us understand what migration is, what causes it, and what the consequences of migration are.
Population density is calculated by dividing the population by the total land area, and it measures how crowded a place is. Countries and cities near rivers often have high population densities as early settlers wanted access to water. Migration refers to movement between locations with the intent to settle permanently or temporarily elsewhere. There are two types of migration - internal migration within a country and international migration across borders. People migrate due to push factors like disasters, poverty or war that compel them to leave an area, as well as pull factors like jobs, wealth or stability that attract them to a new location.
This document discusses factors that influence population distribution and human migration patterns. It notes that population is not evenly distributed due to factors like natural resources, climate, economic development, government policy, and conflicts. Climate especially influences where people can and cannot live. People also migrate for reasons like economic opportunities, cultural factors, education, social reasons, and politics. Migration can be internal, external, voluntary, or involuntary. The document also examines spatial impacts of migration and challenges and solutions related to migration.
Unit 3: Global Networks: Labor and MigrationMiss Chey
Globalization has integrated economies around the world through increased trade and capital flows. It aims to standardize income distribution, but also has advantages and disadvantages. Migration, both internal and external, is closely related to globalization as people move in search of work. Approximately 20% of the Philippine workforce wants to migrate abroad for jobs, but some become victims of illegal recruitment or human trafficking. Migration can be forced due to environmental factors like natural disasters linked to climate change, or be voluntary due to pull factors like better economic opportunities. Climate change is projected to displace up to 250 million people permanently over the coming decades through events like floods, droughts and hurricanes.
This document provides a summary of a research project on understanding migration. The project aims to examine migration from a comprehensive perspective by exploring the diverse reasons for migration, the challenges faced by migrants, and the opportunities presented by migration. It will do this through in-depth research, analysis of real-life narratives, and shedding light on the historical context, current dynamics, and implications of migration for the future. The overall goal is to foster empathy and promote inclusivity regarding this complex global issue.
The document discusses several key aspects of globalization, including:
- Globalization encompasses the economy, political systems, and culture, and involves processes that shrink distances and bring things closer.
- There are broad, inclusive definitions of globalization as well as narrow, exclusive definitions. Broad definitions are vague while narrow ones can be limiting.
- Recent definitions describe globalization as transplanetary processes involving increasing liquidity and multidirectional flows of people, objects, places, and information.
- Globalization is debated and the debate itself is part of globalization. Definitions depend on perspective.
The document analyzes theories of globalization and whether it leads to increasing homogeneity or heterogeneity across cultures
Here are some key social and economic benefits of international migration highlighted in the video:
Social benefits:
- Migrants fill jobs that host countries' citizens do not want
- Migrants help support an aging population in host countries
- Migrants foster cultural diversity and exchange of ideas
Economic benefits:
- Migrants contribute to the tax base in host countries through income, sales, and payroll taxes
- Migrants help boost economic growth and support vital industries in host countries
- Remittances sent home by migrants support families and communities in source countries
- Skilled migrants help address labor shortages in areas like healthcare, engineering, technology
- Entrepreneurial migrants create new businesses and jobs in host
This document discusses global migration and sustainable development. It provides examples of different types of migration like refugees fleeing conflict and workers moving for better economic opportunities. Sustainable development aims to meet current needs without compromising future generations by pursuing economic and social progress alongside environmental protection. Some examples given include using renewable energy sources like solar and wind power and adopting sustainable agricultural practices like crop rotation. The challenges of ensuring global food security and nutrition are also addressed.
1. Environmental degradation and climate change are causing increasing displacement both within and across borders. Millions have been temporarily or permanently displaced by sudden disasters, drought, and rising sea levels.
2. Most displacement currently occurs within countries, but some cross borders, such as Bangladeshis migrating to India or Central Americans to Mexico. Small island nations facing total submersion may require population resettlement.
3. Existing organizations are assisting displaced populations, but greater international cooperation will be needed to address the growing challenges of environmental migration in the future.
This document defines and describes different types of migration:
1. Internal migrations include rural-urban migration and counter-urbanization within a country.
2. International migrations include emigration, leaving one's country, and immigration, arriving in a new country.
3. Net migration rate indicates whether an area has more immigrants or emigrants on balance. A positive rate means more immigrants, while a negative rate means more emigrants.
The document summarizes different types of human migration such as immigration, emigration, international migration, voluntary migration, and forced migration. It also discusses factors that push and pull people to migrate such as lack of economic opportunities, poverty, conflict, or perception of better living conditions elsewhere. As an example, it outlines the patterns of migration between Mexico and the US, with many Mexicans leaving due to lack of jobs and opportunities and being pulled to the US by perceptions of higher wages and better quality of life.
This document discusses different types of migration including rural-urban migration, seasonal migration, planned migration, and involuntary migration. It provides details on each type, including common causes, examples, and potential consequences for areas that migrants leave and arrive in, as well as consequences for migrants themselves. Rural-urban migration is driven by population growth and lack of opportunity in rural areas, pushing young males to cities. Planned migration includes Indonesia's transmigration program to relocate people from overpopulated islands like Java to less populated outer islands, with mixed results. Involuntary migration refers to forced migration of refugees fleeing conflict, persecution, or environmental disasters.
1. Migration is defined as the movement of people between locations. It can be internal within a country or international across country borders.
2. The key causes of migration include economic, social, political, and environmental factors. Economic migration occurs to find work, while political migration happens to escape conflict or persecution.
3. Migration is influenced by "push" factors that encourage people to leave an area, and "pull" factors that attract people to a new location. Rural-urban migration in developing countries is often driven by lack of jobs and land in rural areas.
This document discusses various topics related to rural-urban dynamics and migration. It defines urban and rural areas and how cities are classified based on population size. Rural-urban linkages are examined in terms of city centers, rural hinterlands, and the distance elements that connect them. The document also explores migration as a sociological concern, examines why people migrate and push-pull factors, and discusses types and consequences of migration as well as its relationship to urban problems.
This document discusses migration and its determinants. It provides definitions of migration, emigration, and immigration. Some key points:
- 191 million people lived outside their country of birth in 2005, and the number of international migrants has doubled since World War II.
- The top countries for immigration are the US, Russia, Germany, and Saudi Arabia. The top countries of origin are Mexico, Spain, China, and Ukraine.
- There are two main types of migration - internal (within a country) and international. Internal migration includes rural-urban and seasonal movements.
- Migration can be voluntary or involuntary (forced). Involuntary migrants include refugees fleeing persecution or conflict.
- Major theories
This document discusses migration and its determinants. It provides definitions of migration, emigration, and immigration. Some key points:
- 191 million people lived outside their country of birth in 2005, and the number of international migrants has doubled since World War II.
- The top countries for immigration are the US, Russia, Germany, and Saudi Arabia. The top countries of origin are Mexico, Spain, China, and Ukraine.
- There are two main types of migration - internal (within a country) and international. Internal migration includes rural-urban and seasonal movements.
- Migration can be voluntary or involuntary (forced). Involuntary migrants include refugees fleeing persecution or conflict.
- Major theories
Similar to Week 9 migration and adaptation part 2 2012 (20)
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Admin
• Assignment 7 marked and ready for collection
• Marking assignment 5 and 6
• No weekly assignment this week (test next
week)
• Oral History of a migrant due 3 Oct by 13:00 at
Anthropology window and email to
mymigrantnarrative@gmail.com
3. Term 3 marks
• Term 3 = 30/100 (30%)
– In class activities 5%
– Weekly assignments 10%
– Test 15%
• Term 4 will be out of 70 (70%)
• Any queries you are welcome to contact / see
me
4. Test 2 (25%)
• Week 10 (next week) during Tuesday class
(short lecture and then test)
• Clash (Tuesday clash students) / sick test
– 3 October
– 13:00- 13:45
– D LES 204
• Test prep tomorrow (Wednesday seminar)
5. Assignment 7
Feedback
• Five journal articles (Why people migrate?)
• Reference five journal articles using Harvard
short style (no commas, full stops)
• Overall fine- many of you did not follow the
instructions!!!
– Marks illustrate this
• Exercise practice different methods of
referencing based on the Harvard style
6. Today we are focusing on…
• Part Two Migration and Adaptation part 2
– Follow on from last weeks lecture (video clip-
Genographic project) focusing on how ‘we’ all got
to where we did/ have (Early migrations)
– Reasons why people migrate
– Various kinds of migrations
• Climate change
– Refugee- what does it mean?
– Migrants stories
8. • From Africa around the world (Homo erectus)
• Homo sapiens evolved (Homo erectus) 60 000
years ago ‘broke out of Africa’ and migrated
around the world
• From Africa where did (they) spread around
the world – Middle East, Europe, New world
– Various migrations throughout history
11. Modern Migrations
• Industrialisation in 18th century - from rural to urban in Europe
• WWI 1914-1918
– Ottoman Empire collapsed. The Russian Civil
War caused some three million Russians, Poles and
Germans to migrate out of the Soviet Union.
• WWII 1939-1945
– World War II and decolonization also caused migrations
• In the 19th century, over 50 million people left Europe for the Americas
• Partitioning of India in 1947
– Modern India and Pakistan – over 12 million people
displaced
12. Why do people migrate?
• People migrate for many different reasons. These reasons
can be classified as economic, social, political or
environmental:
– economic migration - moving to find work or follow a particular
career path
– social migration - moving somewhere for a better quality of life or
to be closer to family or friends
– political migration - moving to escape political persecution or war
– environmental causes of migration include natural disasters such
as flooding
13. Why do people migrate?
• Some people choose to migrate, eg someone who
moves to another country to enhance their career
opportunities (voluntary migration)
• Some people are forced to migrate, eg someone who
moves due to war or famine (forced migration)
• A refugee is someone who has left their home and
does not have a new home to go to
• Often refugees do not carry many possessions with
them and do not have a clear idea of where they may
finally settle
14. Push factors are the reasons why
people leave an area.
• They include:
– lack of services
– lack of safety
– high crime
– crop failure
– drought
– flooding
– poverty
– war
15. Pull factors are the reasons why
people move to a particular area.
• They include:
– higher employment
– more wealth
– better services
– good climate
– safer, less crime
– political stability
– more fertile land
– lower risk from natural hazards
16. Why do people migrate?
• “…migration must be viewed as a process in which
individuals consciously change their own
situations in search of a more rewarding life. Only
in extreme cases of hardship such as famine or
war (e.g. genocide in Darfur, civil war in
Afganistan and Iraq, natural disasters in New
Orleans and along the Gulf Coast) is migration
motivated by a single factor” (Gmelch, Kemper &
Zenner 2010:282)
– Migration is a process
– Migration usually happens as a result of a combination of these
push and pull factors
17. Forced migration
• “Forced migration can be defined as the
movements of refugees and internally
displaced people as well as people displaced
by natural or environmental
disasters, chemical or nuclear
disasters, famine, or development projects”
(Mukherjee & Saraswati n.d)
– War, genocide, weather (climate) etc
18. • Forced displacements (movements) of population
may also occur due to other factors
– social
– ethnic
– political conflicts
– weak states
– Inequitable distribution of resources
High levels of unpredictability
19. • High vulnerability associated with forced
migration. According to Human Development
Report 2009, “those who are forced to flee and
leave behind their homes and belongings often
go into the process with limited freedom and
very few resources. Likewise, those who are
moving in the face of local economic
crisis, drought or other causes of desperate
poverty, may not know what capabilities they will
have; they only know that they cannot remain.
Even migrants who end up well off after a move
often start out with very restricted capabilities
and high uncertainty” (Mukherjee & Saraswati
nd:2)
20. Other factors…
Climate migrants
• Environmental degradation and climate change =
seen as (future and now) major driver of
population displacement—a crisis in the making
• People have ALWAYS moved around in search of
greater opportunities… BUT climate change is
expected to ‘trigger’ larger patterns of human
migration
• Weather and climate (droughts and floods…)
• Disruption of the ecosytem
– Estimates of future “climate migrants” range from 200
million to 1 billion by 2050
21. • Displacement due to weather- Hurricane Katrina
(displaced over 1 million people)
• The damage it caused was a product of poor
disaster planning
– “consistent underinvestment in the city’s protective
levees as well the systematic destruction of the
wetlands in the Mississippi delta that might have
lessened the force of the storm. Labelling it a “climate
change event” over-simplifies both its causes and its
effects”(Brown, 2008)
22. Migration- not always easy…
• People’s decisions to migrate typically result from
linked environmental, social, and economic
factors
• Impaired access to food and water and severe
weather are challenges that have historically led
to tension and conflict. As more and more people
are displaced or compelled to migrate in the face
of these challenges, political, ethnic and religious
tensions may result.
23. • Those displaced by climate change lack legal
status as “refugees.”
• Climate migrants often referred to as “climate
refugees,” people displaced by climate change
(not formally recognized as refugees)
• The term refugee legally applies only to
people who leave their home countries due to
fear of persecution, war, or violence
24. • Those who migrate due to climatic factors
often relocate within their own countries, or
cross borders due to a combination of
environmental, social, political and economic
factors = tricky to pinpoint climate as a single
‘driver’ of migration
25. • Movement due to climate change various
forms and responses
– Forced movement due to floods, extreme
weather, and rising sea levels
– Migration due to more gradual changes associated
with climate processes (shifting temperature and
rainfall patterns- affect water supply and
agricultural production
• The characteristics and needs of these different
categories of migrants are likely to vary
widely, requiring a range of humanitarian and
political responses
26. Climate migration NOT new
• Archaeological evidence suggests that human
settlement patterns have Archaeological
evidence suggests that human settlement
patterns have responded repeatedly to
changes in the ate stress.
27. Case study: Migration pressures in
Bangladesh
• Densely populated and highly vulnerable
– Located in the low-lying Ganges-Brahmaputra
river delta (vulnerable to flooding, sea level
rise, cyclones, and storm surges )
– more than 1000 residents per square kilometre
• Flooding and extreme weather already
contribute to increased domestic migration
28. • Climate change is also expected to increase
the flow of cross-border migration into India
– “Bangladesh’s Finance Minister, Abul Maal Abdul
Muhith, expects 20 million environmental
refugees to be fleeing his country by 2050.18 In
response, India began a $1.2 billion project in
1999 to build a 2,500 mile-long, 12 foot-high steel
fence along the border, and has amassed
thousands of troops there” (Population action
international)
29. Taking action…
• Population growth (Meeting Needs for Family
Planning Can Reduce Migration Pressures)
• Population and Migration Need a Place in
Adaptation Plans
– Tree-planting, providing reliable sources of
drinking water, and improving agricultural
techniques in areas impacted by salinization and
flash flooding
30. BUT…
• The NAPA states that these efforts may help to
reduce the “social problem of migration,” but it
does not include actions to address population
pressures or plan for the continuing and
inevitable flow of in-country or cross-border
migrants
• Need to understand the relationship between the
population growth and climate change = aid
planning
– Planning could both reduce migration pressures and
prepare for a degree of migration that minimizes
impacts on communities that receive migrants, and on
the migrants themselves (Population action
international)
32. • Climate change will contribute to food and water
scarcity, will increase the spread of disease, and
may spur or exacerbate mass migration. While
climate change alone does not cause conflict, it
may act as an accelerant of instability or
conflict, placing a burden to respond on civilian
institutions and militaries around the world.
— QUADRENNIAL DEFENSE REVIEW REPORT, U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, 2010. P 85.
33. Migration at a local level (South Africa)
• Local institutions often don’t address or
acknowledge human mobility why?
– Belief among policy makers that immigration and
migration are exclusively matters of national
policy concern
34. Some ideas…
• A migration policy framework should be seen as a
tool for strategic development, RATHER than
being viewed as a negative issue that needs to be
reversed (Brown, 2008)
• Urbanisation is a global phenomenon with
specific local effects (should be factored into
policy and planning processes at all levels in order
for it to be effectively managed- including
managing the interface and relationships
between urban and rural municipalities
(Brown, 2008)
35. Cont.
• An effective response to human mobility and
poverty reduction requires the ongoing
cooperation of all relevant
partners, including, among others, civil
society, faith-based institutions, the private
sector, research agencies and academic
institutions (Brown, 2008)
• Local government responses to migration must
be supported by improved communication
between municipalities and migrant communities
(for example, municipalities may consider the
establishment of migrant desks or other inclusive
means of engagement) (Brown, 2008)
36. Migration at a local level
Zimbabwe to South Africa
• "As to this... inflow of illegal people, I
personally think that it's something we have
to live with... it's difficult; you can't put a
Great Wall of China between South Africa and
Zimbabwe to stop people walking across."
President Thabo Mbeki, speech to
Parliament, 17 May 2007
37. • Large numbers of Zimbabwean migrants in
South Africa
• Humanitarian crisis (it is increasingly clear that
there are severe humanitarian implications of
the Zimbabwean migration)
• The key humanitarian needs experienced by
Zimbabweans are accommodation, food and
access to health care
38. • Lack of documentation makes it tough to find
work or start a business (even for those with
‘papers’ - asylum or refugee documents
• Dispersed settlement
• Mixed migration (various reasons for
migrating)
– Shoppers, Economic migrants, Traders, Transit
migrants, Humanitarian migrants etc…
39. Process
• Migration= process
• Migration often takes place due a variety of
push and pull factors – no single factor
• Social networks = important
– Link multiple destinations rather than one
(reduces costs per migrant- next person used their
already built network- transnationalism (identity)
and social connections and social capital
– Reciprocity
40. Stories of a migrant- leaving my home
for another ‘home’
"Sometimes my mom says, 'Maybe we should go back,' and I
tell her I don’t want to go. I want to stay here. America truly is
a melting spot, especially in the Bay Area.“
Story of Thais Da Costa by Kaeleigh Thorp
My name is Thais Da Costa and came from Brazil. I lived in Brazil until I was 12
years old, and then I left my homeland for the greener pastures of the United
States of America. Now I am 17, so I have been here for five years. I
remember my childhood in Brazil very well. My family lived on my
grandfather’s farm. It was really fun. We had contact with all the farm animals
and I could run around and play. They had all sorts of farm animals:
cows, pigs, chickens, dogs, and cats., The farm also had a lot of different fruit
trees that were really good. I lived with my parents and my brother, Jerome.
We had our own house on the property. My father took care of the farm
while my mother was a high school teacher. She taught
Portuguese, English, math, and biology.
41. • When I got here, initially I was treated very
well. It was hard for me because I didn’t speak
or understand English. It was complicated. But
everyone turned out to be really nice and
understanding. They were more
understanding because they realized I didn’t
speak English, so they were willing to help me.
• Long immigration process- took years
43. To conclude…
• Migration takes place for many reasons
(voluntary and forced)
– Many types of migration and reasons
– Push and Pull factors
• Migration has always taken place – NOT a new
phenomenon
• Been described as a process (social networks and
notion of transnationalism have implications for
adaptation and settlement
– Communities = development of migration (‘Little
Istanbul’) rebuilding of identity
44. In class activity
• What can give migrants a sense of belonging
and identity within their new ‘home’?
– Think about migration as a process and the
making of a community etc
– Think about the notion of a hybrid identity?
Adopting others cultures/ ways of living- does one
‘forget’ their own?
Editor's Notes
Roman empire expanded and then started contarcting recapture the old roman cities