This document discusses different types of population movement. It describes voluntary and forced migration, with voluntary migration occurring when people move themselves for reasons like employment, family, or amenities, and forced migration resulting from issues like war, unsafe conditions, or natural disasters. The document also outlines several specific types of migration, including international migration (emigration and immigration), regional migration, rural-urban migration, and urbanization. Overall, the document provides an overview of the various ways people can migrate and the reasons that drive different population movements.

1. Unit 10: different types of population
movement
Throughout history, people have moved across land
and sea all over the world

2. 
• Since the dawn of human evolution, humans have migrated across
continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and hospitable weather.
People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration
are arising, such as job relocation and overpopulation.
Legal migration Illegal migration

3. What is migration?
• Movement of people to an area or country in order to find work or a better living conditions.
• The movement of people so as to change their place of residence .
• The periodic movement of animals from one location to another.

4. 
Two migration types
Voluntary migration
 People move them selves.
 They move to find better
employment opportunities.
 To be with their friends and
family.
 For better social facilities.
 For better climate.
Forced migration
 People are forced to move.
 This may be due to war
conflicts.
 Unsafe conditions (crime)
 Shortage of food.
 Natural disasters such as
earthquakes, floods, hurricanes,
and volcanic eruptions etc.

5. 
There are different types of migration according to
the reasons for the movement, time and distance
involved.

6. 
Kinds of
migrations
International
migration
emigration
immigration
Regional
migration
Rural
migration
Urbanisatio
n
Urban-
rural
migration
Voluntary &
Forced
migration
Types of population
movements
people migrate in different ways and for different ways with different reasons

7. 
 Movement of people internationally.
 People moving from their own country to another/
between different countries in different continents.
 More people move from one country to another now than
ever.
 Often involve long distance and cost and can either be
short-term/ permanent.
International migration

8. 
 The act of coming to live permanently in a foreign
country
 That person we call an immigration
 E.g. when one comes to live permanently in S.A from
Mozambique we call him an…? That’s because he
immigrated.
Immigration

9. 
 Living ones home country to permanently live in
another country (moving abroad).
 This person is called an emigrant
 E.g. when you move from S.A to London we from
S.A will say you emigrated to London therefore
making you an emigrant.
Emigration

10. 
 Movement within a region
 It is usually a type of international migration
 The government has specified certain areas for
regional migration and requirements are lower for
immigrants prepared to work in those areas.
Regional migration

11. 
 Movement of people from the rural to the urban
areas, often in the same country.
 45% of S.A citizens live in the rural areas.
 Most people move from rural areas to the urban
areas with the hope of a better life, and standard of
living which is not always true.
Rural-urban migration

12. 
 The increase in the proportion of people living in
towns and cities, with a matching increase in city
size and infrastructure.
 This is caused by rural urban migration
 The rate of urbanisation in developing countries has
been very high
 This has resulted in ‘megacities’ which are cities with
more than 10 people
Urbanisation

13. Megacities
A megacity is usually
defined as a metropolitan
area with a total population
in excess of ten million
people. A megacity can be a
single metropolitan area or
two or more metropolitan
areas that converge.
As of 2017, there are 37
megacities in existence. The
largest of these are the
metropolitan areas of Tokyo
and Greater Jakarta, each of
these having a population of
over 30 million inhabitants,
with 38.8 million and 31.5
million respectively.

14. 
 Movement from towns and cities to rural areas
 This is counter migration as it goes against the
normal movement of people from rural to urban
Urban rural migration