The document discusses the evolution of territoriality and nation-states. It explains that humans have an innate need to belong to larger groups that control territory. The rise of nation-states began in the 1500s as military technology advanced, requiring larger, more centralized states for defense. The 1648 Peace of Westphalia established the modern system of independent nation-states based on clearly defined territories with sovereign control. Nation-states emerged fully during the French Revolution, with loyalty owed to the nation rather than a monarch. Characteristics like a state's size, shape, location can influence its challenges and opportunities for governance.

1. Political Culture and the Evolving State Chapter 14

2. Concept of Territoriality Humans have the need to belong to larger group that controls its own piece of the earth.

3. Some believe that humans are territorial animals, motivated by the same instinct that affects animals.

4. Others believe that territoriality is a cultural strategy used to assure control of resources.

6. Protection of home and family.

10. The ultimate territorial creation is an independent country . (193 altogether) .

11. A Nation is a group of people with a common ancestry--regardless of whether the group controls its own territory.

12. A state is the same thing as a country. These are states (as opposed to States--political divisions within countries).

13. The term nation-state applies if a nation’s homeland corresponds to a state’s territory .

14. A stateless nation is a cultural unit that has no country.

15. A multinational state includes more than one ethnic/cultural group.

16. The Rise of Nation-States Under feudalism --multi-ethnic empires ruled by a monarch --power relationships were hierarchical (lords, monarch, pope) --boundaries were not fixed

17. The Rise of Nation-States Changes in military technology (guns and cannon) made the feudal manor less defensible. Defense needed to be based on maneuverability--required a territorially larger state.

18. The Rise of Nation States Early 1500s--decline in papal authority with Reformation 1648-- Peace of Westphalia (30 Years’ War) --ended period of religious wars --created a system that depended on a balance of power based on clearly-defined, centrally-controlled, independent entities that recognized each other’s sovereignty and territory.

19. The ideal of the nation-state Dates from the French Revolution Sovereignty rests with the nation--the people. Loyalty was to the state, not the monarch. Each nation should have its own sovereign territory.

20. Europe controlled much of the world and defined the ground rules of the emerging international state system. Japan remodeled itself in the mid-19th century. At the end of the colonial period, newly-liberated peoples created “nation-states” on the European model. (With differing degrees of success.)

21. Characteristics of states and implications for governance

22. Size Large--access to natural resources and large population base, but can be difficult to administer.

23. Size Small--can be a disadvantage, but it is difficult to generalize. (W. Africa vs. Singapore)

24. Shape

25. Afghanistan is a prorupt state.

27. Relative location can be a blessing or a curse. Can benefit greatly if close to resources, harbor sites, proximity to friendly nations, accessibility. Landlocked countries can face challenges.

28. Enclaves and Exclaves Exclaves are “outliers.” An enclave is an area within a state that belongs to another state.

29. Boundaries Definition--legal description Delimitation--drawn on the map Demarcation--physically marked on the ground

31. Definitional boundary disputes focus on legal language

32. Locational Boundary Disputes focus on delimitation or demarcation of border

33. Operational Boundary Disputes focus on how the boundary should function

34. Allocational Boundary Disputes focus on resources.