Migration – the temporary or permanent movement of people from one place to another.
Migration impacts on population change. It is difficult to account for this population change as much migration is illegal and not accounted for. The government often underestimate the number of migrants to help boost support, while the press often overestimate the number of migrants to sell sensational news articles.
Migration is a common phenomenon.The world is shrinking. The world is becoming a global village.Country boundaries and barriers no longer restrict people movement.
Class 12th Chapter 2(the world population) Geography Book Fundamentals of Human Development Complete Explanation of all concept of NCERT class 12th
It is easy to understand
All concept are taken under Guidance of Mrs Kavita Chabbra
Migration – the temporary or permanent movement of people from one place to another.
Migration impacts on population change. It is difficult to account for this population change as much migration is illegal and not accounted for. The government often underestimate the number of migrants to help boost support, while the press often overestimate the number of migrants to sell sensational news articles.
Migration is a common phenomenon.The world is shrinking. The world is becoming a global village.Country boundaries and barriers no longer restrict people movement.
Class 12th Chapter 2(the world population) Geography Book Fundamentals of Human Development Complete Explanation of all concept of NCERT class 12th
It is easy to understand
All concept are taken under Guidance of Mrs Kavita Chabbra
Forced migration has accompanied persecution, as well as war, throughout human history but has only become a topic of serious study and discussion relatively recently. This increased attention is the result of greater ease of travel, allowing displaced persons to flee to nations far removed from their homes, the creation of an international legal structure of human rights, and the realizations that the destabilizing effects of forced migration, especially in parts of Africa, the Middle East, south and central Asia, ripple out well beyond the immediate region.
Migration is a major concern in today's world, especially in countries like Bangladesh. Let us understand what migration is, what causes it, and what the consequences of migration are.
Global Population and Mobility
- The Global City
- Global Demography
- Global Migration
- OFWs
Contemporary World
For educational purposes only. No rights to information and pictures.
Forced migration has accompanied persecution, as well as war, throughout human history but has only become a topic of serious study and discussion relatively recently. This increased attention is the result of greater ease of travel, allowing displaced persons to flee to nations far removed from their homes, the creation of an international legal structure of human rights, and the realizations that the destabilizing effects of forced migration, especially in parts of Africa, the Middle East, south and central Asia, ripple out well beyond the immediate region.
Migration is a major concern in today's world, especially in countries like Bangladesh. Let us understand what migration is, what causes it, and what the consequences of migration are.
Global Population and Mobility
- The Global City
- Global Demography
- Global Migration
- OFWs
Contemporary World
For educational purposes only. No rights to information and pictures.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
9. The probability of
dying is linked to
many factors, such as
age, sex, race,
occupation, and
social class. The
incidence of death
can reveal much
about population's
standard of living and
health care.
10. *Crude death rate in the
developing countries is higher
that in the developed
countries.
*Infant mortality rates in
developing countries are
higher as compared to those in
the developing countries.
11. *The average life expectancy at
birth for both male and female
in the developing countries is
lower than those in the
developed countries.
*Compared to the past, most of
the countries are recording low
death rates now.
12. -is a form of geographical
mobility or spatial mobility
between one geographical
unit and another, generally
involving a change in
residence from place of
destination to place of
arrival.
13. 1. It decreases or increases the size
and structure of any population.
2. It determines the size and the rate
of population growth as well as its
structure and characteristics
14. 3. It plays an important role in the
distribution of the population of any
country.
4. It determines the growth of labor in
any area.
5. It is a symptom of basic social
change in any country.
17. In absolute figures (estimate):
38,918,447 young people under 15 years
old ( 19,852,912 males / 19,065,535
females)
68,607,395 persons between 15 and 64
years old ( 34,307,629 males / 34,299,766
females)
18. 4,796,149 persons above 64 years old
( 2,070,094 males / 2,726,055 females)
Source: The estimation data for section "Philippines age structure" is
based on the latest demographic and social statistics by United Nations
Statistics Division
19.
20.
21. Population plays a
conflicting role in the
development process of a
country. It helps economic
development and it retards
economic development.
22. A growing population means a
growing market for most goods
and services and we know that
division of labor is limited by the
extent of the market. A potentially
expanding market may stimulate
entrepreneurs to invest more and
more in capital goods and
machinery.
23. As the rate of growth of
population exceeds the rate of
production, economic
development is hampered. A
growing population, within a
limited geographical area, usually
puts heavy pressure on the
existing factor endowments,
especially natural resources of
the country.
25. Causes of population change: A module for the training of secondary
school teachers in population education. (1996, November).
Http://119.82.251.165 › Xmlui › Bitstream › Handle. Retrieved March 27,
2022, from
http://119.82.251.165:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/44/ERC
CausesofPopulationChangeModIII.pdf?sequence=4
Tuff, Kika & Tuff, Ty. (2012). Introduction to population demographics.
Nature Education Knowledge. 3. 3. from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/290851981_Introduction_to_pop
ulation_demographics#:~:text=A%20population%20is%20de%EF%AC%8
1ned%20as,a%20given%20area.
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/politics-essay/state-elements-
and-necessity-of-the-state/40323
26. Kumar, M. (2015, September 8). Population Growth and Economic
Development: A Close View. Economics Discussion.
https://www.economicsdiscussion.net/economic-development/population-
growth-and-economic-development-a-close-view/11808
Philippines population (2020) live — Countrymeters. (n.d.).
Countrymeters.info. https://countrymeters.info/en/Philippines
27. SUBTOPICS:
1.CONCEPT OF MIGRATION
2. DEFINITION
3.CAUSES OF MIGRATION
4.REASONS OF MIGRATION
-PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
5. TYPES OF MIGRATION
REFERENCES:
What are the Pull and Push factors of migration? | Eschooltoday
How does migration affect the destination country?Eschooltoday
file:///E:/POPULATION,%20MIGRATION%20&%20DEMOGRAPHIC%20CHANGE/LACEA-
LAMES2019_paper_274.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/stevenheath148/
REPORTER
-JHUMELYN D. ABETO- MILE STUDENT
29. CONCEPT OF MIGRATION
Migration is the crossing of the boundary of a political or
administrative unit for a certain period of time.
People who move in this manner are called Migrants.
Some migrant move voluntarily and some are forced to
leave their homes.
30. MIGRATION – THE TEMPORARY OR
PERMANENT MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE
FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER
DEFINITION
What is Migration?
It is the movement of a person or a group of people to settle in another place,
often across a political or administrative boundary. Migration can be temporal or
permanent, and it may be voluntary or forced. It is good to know that migration
is not exclusive to humans. Animals migrate too.
31.
32. CAUSES OF MIGRATION
● Economic Migration: Moving to find work or pursue a
particular career.
● Social Migration: Moving to be closer to family or friends
or for better quality of life.
● Political Migration: Moving to escape war or political
pressure.
● Environmental Causes: Moving away from an area due
to natural disasters.
33.
34.
35. PUSH AND PULL FACTORS OF MIGRATION:
The causes of migration are a series of push and
pull factors.
Those factors which either forcefully push
someone into migration or attract them.
38. TYPES OF MIGRATION
Internal Migration- This refers to a change of residence within national
boundaries such as between States, Provinces, Cities or Municipalities
International Migration- This refers to change of residence over National
boundaries . An international migrant is someone who moves to a different
Country.
42. • Which Age Group Is Most Prone To
Move?
Which Group Of Country Experiences
Large Volumes Of Rural-urban Migrants?
Internal Migration – Rural-Urban
Migration
Main And Most Important Reason For This Movement – Rural Area Cannot Support The
Large And Rapid Population Increase
• Symptoms Of Rural Overpopulation – Reduced Food Supply, Decreased Job
Opportunities, Shortage Of Land
• Worsened By Farm Mechanisation. Why? – Machines Replaced Labour, Jobs Are
Lost, Rising Joblessness Internal Migration – Rural-urban Migration
43. Seasonal Migration Is Also Known As Labour
Migration
• It Refers To The Movement Of People Away From Their
Homes To Find A Livelihood, Usually On A Temporary
Basis
• Farmers Moving Their Herds From The Snow-covered
Uplands To Lowland Pastures
• Apartheid System (African Slavery System) Internal
Migration – Seasonal Migration
INTERNAL MIGRATION- SEASONAL
MIGRATION
44. Planned Migration Refers To Large-scale Migration Of People Within The
Country
• Usually Carried Out By The Government
• The Most Famous Example – Transmigration Programme In Indonesia Internal
Migration – Planned Migration
INTERNAL MIGRATION- PLANNED
MIGRATION
Causes
• uneven population
distribution
• plans to develop
undeveloped areas
Effects
• overcome landless problem & food shortage
• raise std of living eg introduce cash cropping
• cultural clash between migrants and locals
• disrupt local way of life
• widespread deforestation and soil erosion
PLANNED MIGRATION-(TRANSMIGATION)
45. Voluntary Migration – Movement Of People By Choice Or One’s Own Free
Will
• Reasons Given For Such Movement Is Quite Similar To Reasons For
Rural-urban Migration International Migration – Voluntary Migration
Causes:
• Lower living cost
• More relaxed and less stressful lifestyle
• Higher income and better lifestyle
• Better recognition of their talents and skills International Migration –
Voluntary Migration
Impact:
• Ethnic Congregation, Eg. Little Chinatowns And Little Indias In Foreign Land
• Poor Quality Housing
• Language Difficulty
• Racial Tensions
• Brain Drain International Migration – Voluntary Migration
VOLUNTARY MIGRATION-(TRANSMIGATION)
46. INVOLUNTARY MIGRATION = FORCED
MIGRATION
• Movement of people caused by events which force people
to move against their will
• People involved in this movement = Refugees are persons
who owing to well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of
race, religion, nationality or political opinions, are outside of
their country of origin and cannot or owing to such fear, do not
wish to avail themselves of the protection of that country.
International Migration – Involuntary Migration
Refugees trying to move to move to safer places with whatever belongings they have.
47. Involuntary Migration Causes
• Unfavourable Social / Political Conditions Examples
• South Vietnamese Fled Communist Vietnam To Canada, USA, Etc
• Rwanda Civil War In Mid-1990s Led To The Fleeing Of 2 Million Refugees
• Migration Of Hindus, Muslims And Sikhs To Britain In 1950s When Pakistan
And India Became Separate Countries
Involuntary Migration Causes
• Unfavourable Environmental Conditions Eg Droughts Example
• Ethiopians Fled Sahel To Go To Surrounding Areas
Involuntary Migration Effects
• Refugees Cause Economic Strain In Host Countries
• Poorly Equipped Refugee Camps
• Unrest … Refugees Refuse To Go Home
• Racial Conflicts In Host Country
• Many Refugees Depend On Aid From Developed Countries
• Locked Up In Barricaded Detention Camps
• Refugees Who Return Face Integration Problems
48. MIGRATION Is A Common
Phenomenon. The World Is
Shrinking. The World Is Becoming A
Global Village. Country Boundaries
And Barriers No Longer Restrict
People Movement.
-THE END- REFERENCES:
What are the Pull and Push factors of migration? | Eschooltoday
How does migration affect the destination country?Eschooltoday
file:///E:/POPULATION,%20MIGRATION%20&%20DEMOGRAPHIC%20CHANGE/LACEA-
LAMES2019_paper_274.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/stevenheath148/migration-2008
49. Demography- statistical study of human populations,
especially with reference to size and density,
distribution, and vital statistics (births, marriages,
deaths, etc.).
Britannica-
https://www.britannica.com/topic/demography
Demographer- a scientist who studies the growth and
density of populations and their vital statistics.
(demographist, population scientist)
https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/demograph
er
5 Processes of Demography
1. Fertility
2. Mortality
3. Marriage
4. Migration
50. Demographic change refers to changes in the
composition of a population (Hoßmann and Münz,
n.d.). This includes not just changes in population
size, and in age and sex structures, but also changes in
ethnic composition, regional distribution, and lifestyle
(BMI 2011, 11).
Causes of Demographic Change
1. Migration- Rapid rates of urban growth were
caused initially by migration. In places, movement
to the major cities has been long established,
dating from as early as the end of the nineteenth
century in the cases of Argentina and Uruguay.
Even in the rest of the region, cityward migration is
hardly a recent phenomenon, having become
commonplace in the 1940s as rural people began
to respond to new opportunities in the
metropolitan areas (Alberta, 1977;
51. According to Center for Migrant Advocacy, the
Philippines is among the largest migrant countries
of origin in the world.
Migration has increased to over ten per cent of the
Philippine population, or more than 10 million
Filipinos, changing the social and cultural climate
of the country. While it contributes to the
international character of the Philippines, labour
migration has torn Filipino seafarers and Overseas
Filipino Workers (OFWs) from their families for
decades. Limited employment opportunities in the
Philippines encourage Filipinos to pursue a
brighter future abroad. Apart from the financial
incentives, Filipinos migrate for their desire to live
abroad, personal development and many other
reasons.
52. 2. Natural Increase- Gradually, natural increase
became the most important component of
metropolitan growth; by the 1960s it had become
much more significant than migration. Natural
increase overtook migration because most of the
migrants were so young. Within a few years of arrival
in the city, most had produced children. The
contribution of natural increase to urban growth was
further magnified by the fact that death rates were far
lower in urban areas than in the countryside, a
tendency that became even more marked as mortality
in the giant cities continued to fall.
According to National Nutrition Council published
March 22, 2021, Early pregnancy is one of the
pressing issues Filipino youths are facing today.
The Philippines has one of the highest teenage
pregnancy rates among the ASEAN member states
53. According to the Commission on Population and
Development (PopCom), the Philippines has
recorded a 7% increase in births among girls aged
15 and below in 2019. Filipino minors who gave
birth in 2019 increased to 62,510 from 62,341 in
2018. In 2019, 2,411 very young adolescents aged
10 to 14 gave birth, or almost seven every day. One
in three births among minors occurred in the three
regions of Calabarzon with 8,008, National Capital
Region with 7,546, and Central Luzon with 7,523
births. Outside Luzon, the highest number of
minors who gave birth were in Northern Mindanao
with 4,747 cases, Davao Region with 4,551, and
Central Visayas with 4,541.
Early childbearing may result in poor health
outcomes and may be a threat to the country’s
54. 3. Age and Sex Structure-
According to Philippine Statistics Authority
released Thursday, August 30, 2012, The
Philippines recorded in 2010, the median age of
the country's population was 23.4 years, which
means that half of the household population was
younger than 23.4 years. This is higher than the
median age of 21.3 years recorded in 2000. The
country's median age for males in 2010 was 22.9
years, while that for females, 23.9 years.
Of the 92.1 million household population in the
Philippines, 50.4 percent were males and 49.6
percent were female. This resulted in a sex ratio of
102 males per 100 females. The sex ratio in 2000
was 101 males per 100 females.
55. This expansion has been a direct result of the
tendency for young adults and their children to
move to the city. At first, their arrival lowered the
average age of the metropolitan population, but, as
both migration and fertility rates began to fall, the
average age began to increase.