There are several types of human migration including cyclic, periodic, and permanent migration. Cyclic migration involves regular short-term moves within a local area, while periodic migration involves staying away from home for longer periods. Permanent migration, also called emigration, involves changing residence with the intent to stay permanently. Some key reasons for human migration include economic opportunities, environmental factors, government policies, and family reunification. Migration can be voluntary, involving personal choices and assessments of pull and push factors, or forced such as situations involving conflict, disasters, or persecution. Governments influence migration through immigration laws and policies that can either encourage or restrict population movement and flow across international borders.