Carbon...Its structure and compounds...Made particularly for a school assignment......

1. Carbon..
Its Structure and its
Components

2. Introduction
 Although cells are 70-95% water, the rest
consists mostly of carbon-based
compounds.
 Proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and lipids are
all composed of carbon atoms bonded to
each other and to atoms of other elements.
These other elements commonly include
hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N),
sulfur (S), and phosphorus (P).

3. Properties of Carbon
• The atomic symbol is C
• The atomic number is 6
– The atomic number is the number of
protons in an atom.
• The atomic mass is 12.01g
– The mass number is the total protons and
neutrons in an atom’s nucleus.
• The freezing point is 3500°C
• The boiling point is 4827°C

4. Electron Configuration Diagrams
• Carbon has 6 electrons, 6
neutrons, and 6 protons.
• The electron
configuration of carbon is
[He] 2s2 2p2
• The atomic radius is 77
pm or 0.91Å
• Its oxidation states are 4
and 2

5. Electron Configuration Diagrams
(continued)
• The electron dot notation of carbon is:
• The shell model of carbon is:
• The crystal structure is hexagonal and is
represented as:

6. Carbon Compounds
• Graphite (2 types of graphite)
• Alpha
• Beta
• Diamond
• Fullerines
• “White” Carbon
– It was discovered in 1969. It is a
transparent birefringent material.

7. Carbon Compounds
• One of the compounds that carbon forms is Carbon
Dioxide. The reaction is as follows:
– C + 2O CO2
• Carbon dioxide, also knows as CO2, is commonly used
in soda. It gives soda carbonation. When a soda is
bottled, before it is sealed, the space at the top is
filled with carbon dioxide. This bottle is under
presser, which causes the carbon dioxide to dissolve
into the soda. When the bottle is opened, the
pressure is released causing the dissolved carbon
dioxide to leave solution, creating bubbles.

8. Carbon dioxide Characteristics
• The chemical formula is CO2
• The molecule weight is 44
• The Triple point is -56°C 4.28 bar rel.
• The sublimation temperature (atm) is 78.9°C
• The critical temperature is 31°C
• The critical pressure is 73.96 bar rel.
• The sublimation heat at -78.9°C is 136,89 cal/kg
The specific weight in the gaseous phase at 0°C and at
atm is 1.977 kg/m³

9. Compounds in Food
• Acetic Acid
– CH3COOH
• 10 million carbon compounds
– Carbohydrates
• Can be found in many sugars including:
– Sucrose
– Glucose
– Fructose
– Galactose

10. Carbohydrates
• Carbon is part of the
essential nutrient
carbohydrate. An
example of a
carbohydrate is
glucose.

11. Isotopes of Carbon
• Carbon 14 is one isotope with a half life
of 5715 years. It has been know to date
materials such as wood.

12. Molecular Structure of Carbon

13. Saturated Hydrocarbons
• A Hydrocarbon is an organic
compound that contains only the
elements hydrogen and carbon.
• In a saturated hydrocarbon, all the
bonds are single bonds.
• Alkane is another name for a
saturated hydrocarbon.

14. Ethane

15. Characteristics of Hydrocarbons
Factors that determine the properties of a
hydrocarbon are:
The number of carbon atoms
How the atoms are arranged:
Straight chain
Branched chain
Ring

16. STRUCTURE OF SATURATED
HYDROCARBONS
NO. OF CARBON
ATOMS
NAME FORMULA
1 METHANE CH4
2 ETHANE C2H6
3 PROPANE C3H8
4 BUTANE C4H10
5 PENTANE C5H12
6 HEXANE C6H14

17. Straight Chains
A hydrocarbon can contain
one carbon atom, as in
methane or thousands of
carbon atoms, as in cellulose.

18. The Ring Or Cyclic
Carbons can be arranged in the form of a ring
or cyclic, such as cyclobautane , Benzene etc .

19. ALLOTROPES OF CARBON
Allotropy or allotropism is the
property of some chemical
elements to exist in two or more
different forms, known as
allotropes of these elements.
Allotropes are different structural
modifications of an element; the
element's atoms are bonded
together in a different manner.
For Example –Graphite,Diamond..

20.  Graphite
 In g r a p h I t e e a c h c a r bo n a t o m
Is b o n d e d t o t h r e e o t h e r
Ca rbo n a t om o n t h e s a m e pl a ne
I n a h e x a g o n a l A r r a y .

21. Fullerene
• This is also a form of carbon
allotrope. The first one to be
identified was C-60 which has
carbon arranged in the shape of a
football.
• As it resembled to the geodesic
dome designed by US architect
Buckminster Fuller ,
• So the molecule was named
fullerene.

22. Diamond
• In diamond, each carbon atom is
tetra headedly attached to four
other carbon atoms forming a rigid
three dimensional structure.
• Thus it is the hardest substance
known.

23. Thank You for watching…..
Name:-Kuber Bathla
Class:-9th ‘Jasmine’
Roll no:-20
 Subject:-Computer
Submitted to:-Mr.Neeraj Nagpal