Menjelaskan tentang unsur karbon

1. Chemistry of
Carbon
From group 3 

2. Contents
Uses
Carbon cycle
Compounds of
carbon
Allotropes
Properties of
carbon

3. Carbon Elements
The elements in
group 4 and
second period
of the periodic
table, on the
right, are called
the carbon.

4. Ditemukan oleh seorang ilmuwan bernama
Antoine Lavoisier. Kemudian, ia menetapkan
bahwa karbon sebagai unsur kimia (1789).
HISTORY
Carbo (Bahasa Latin) :
Karbon
Arti : Batubara

5. Termasuk gol. : IV A
Nomor atom : 6
Konfigurasi e - : 1s2 2s2 2p2
Massa Ar : 12,011
Jari-jari atom : 70 pm
Titik didih : 4827 C
Titik lebur : 3825 C
Elektronegatifitas : 2,549
Energi ionisasi : -
Tingkat oksidasi Max. : +4
Wujud pada suhu ruangan : padat

6. Carbon
2, 4
Carbon have four
elecrons in it’s
outer shell
Electron structure of carbon

7. The
propertie
s of
carbon
Non metal
Has propensity for bonding to
in chains or rings
Can make single bonds (C-C)
multiple bonds (C═C or CC)
The Allotropes’s colour of carbon :
is white bright. is black.Graphite

8. Allotrope of Carbon
Diamond
Diamond is another important
allotrope of carbon. In diamonds,
each carbon atoms has
sp3 hybridization and forms
covalent bonds with four other
carbon atoms at the corners of
the tetrahedral structure.

9. Sifat – Sifat Diamon
• Intan merupakan mineral alami yang paling keras.
• Memiliki titik lelh yang sangat tinggi yakni 48270C.
• Tidak larut dalam air
• Tidak dapat menghantarkan arus listrik.

10. Grafit
Graphite is a soft, black and
slippery solid.
Graphite has a unique
honeycomb layered structure.
Each layer is composed of
planar hexagonal rings of
carbon atoms in which carbon-
carbon bond length within the
layer is 141.5 picometers.

11. Sifat – Sifat Grafit
• Grafit memiliki titik leleh yang tinggi.
• Memiliki sifat lunak, terasa licin dan digunakan pada
pensil
• Tidak larut dalam air
• Jika dibandingkan dengan intan, grafit memiliki massa
jenis yang lebih kecil.
• Dapat menghantarkan listrik

12. Fullerence
fullerene is a molecule of carbon in
the form of a hollow sphere.
Fullerenes are similar in structure to
graphite, which is composed of a
sheet of linked hexagonal rings, but
they contain pentagonal (or
sometimes heptagonal) rings that
prevent the sheet from being planar.c

13. Sifat – Sifat Fullurena
• Tidak larut dalam air, tetapi larut dalam pelarut
organik.
• Sebagai superkonduktor atau penyerap panas yang
baik.

14. Carbon
Nanotube
Carbon nanotubes are allotropes
of carbon with a cylindrical
nanostructure.

15. Sifat karbon
nanotubes
Sifat konduktivitas
listrik dan panas,
juga memiliki
kekuatan maknetik.

16. Oxide Cyanogenides
Cyanides Sulfides
Halides Carbides
Compounds of Carbon

17. 1
• Carbon monoxide (CO)
2
• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Oxide of carbon

18. CO formed when carbon is burned in limited
supply of oxygen. It also present in the
exhaust fumes of cars due to the incomplete
combustion of petrol.
Carbon monoxide
(CO)
Colorless and
odorless toxic gas

19. CO2 formed in all forms of combustion of carbon and
carbon compound in excess of O2. It is involved in
geochemical cycle as well as photosynthesis.
Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
Colorless and odorless gas
and nontoxic

20. Cyanogenides
Example: Cyanogens
((CN)2)
2 Cu2+ + 4 CN- 
2 CuCN + (CN)2
Toxic and
extremely
flammable gas
It can be obtained
from CN- by
aqueous solution
using Cu2+

21. HCN is a covalent molecular substance but capable of
dissociation in aqueous solution. It is a colorless gas
having the aroma of bitter almonds. This gas is
extremely poisonous.
Hydrogen cyanide can be prepared by
treating sodium cyanide or
potassium cyanide with acid
Cyanides
NaCN + HCl  NaCl
+ HCN
Cyanide ions are extremely toxic because
they bind almost irreversibly to Fe(III) ion
in cytochrome oxidase, a key enzyme in
metabolic processes

22. Carbon disulfide is made
by heating CH4
with sulfur.
CH4 + S CS2 + 2 H2S
Compound with C-S bond.
Sulfide highly toxic liquid
with pale yellow color and
extremely flammable
Example : carbon disulfide
(CS2)
Sulfide

23. • Halides
Ex : CCl4
• Colorless liquid
and produced by
the sequence
reaction in which
CS2 is recycled
CS2 + Cl2 
CCl4 + S2Cl2
•CCl4 had been widely
used as solvent and
for the chlorination
of inorganic
compounds.
CCl4

24. C
A
R
b
I
D
e
Ionic carbides
Interstitial carbides
Covalent carbides

25. Karbida
Ionic
carbides are
formed by
metals from
group IA, IIA,
and
aluminum, for
example
Na2C2, CaC2,
and Al4C3
Transition
metals with
rrmetal < 130 pm
,e.g. Cr give
carbides that are
intermediate
between
typically ionic
and interstitial
carbides. The
name of this
typical is
cova;ent
carbides
Interstitial
carbides are
formed by
heating C
with d-block
(transition
group) metals
having rrmetal
> 130 pm, e.g.
Ti.

26. All living things on Earth contain carbon.
But, what is carbon?
Why is it important?

27. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a gas
found in our atmosphere. It is
colorless and odorless.

28. CO2 helps insulate the Earth and keep
our atmosphere at just the right
temperature for life to exist.

30. People and animals all
contain carbon. We get
our carbon from eating
plants or other animals.
We breathe in oxygen
which mixes with the
carbon and then we
breathe out carbon
dioxide (CO2)

31. Like people and animals,
fish and other sea
creatures breathe in
oxygen. Their oxygen is
found in the oceans
water. Just like animals
and people, they also
breathe out CO2 (carbon
dioxide).

32. Plants get carbon by taking carbon dioxide
out of the air or water. All green plants
breathe, except they breathe in carbon
dioxide and release oxygen.

33. – http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/earth3.htm

34. Plants that live in water also use
photosynthesis to make their own food.
They take in carbon from the water and
release oxygen.

35. Plants and animals eventually die and
decay on the earth or in water. Carbon
now enters the earth or the water.

36. Over millions of years the decaying plants
and animals became oil, coal, and natural
gas. We call these fossil fuels. We drill, dig,
and
pump these fuels
out of the earth
to use them
for powering
things that
need energy.

37. By burning fossil fuels to energize our
lives we add carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.

38. The carbon dioxide enters the
atmosphere. The cycle starts over.

39. Carb
on
cycle

40. The uses of carbon
Used as a decorative tool in
jewelry items
Carbon is used as a base for the
ink that is used in inkjet printers.
Uses for fotosintesis
Use for respiration