Information from stations from week beginning 11.4.16
Crude oil, cracking, advantages and disadvantages of using fossil fuels, combustion, evolution of the atmosphere and clean air
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C1 revision part 1
1. C1 revision lesson 1
Lesson objectives
Revise C1a Making crude oil
useful and C1b Using carbon fuels
to GCSE Grade A/ A*
2. Outcomes
• Label a fractionating column (GCSE grade C)
• Explain why crude oil can be separated in
terms of intermolecular forces (GCSE grade A)
• Explain the problems associated with the use
of crude oil (GCSE Grade A)
• Describe complete and incomplete
combustion (GCSE Grade C)
• Evaluate the use of different fuels (GCSE
Grade A)
3. Outcomes
• State the composition of air (GCSE Grade C)
• Describe a carbon cycle including
combustion, respiration and photosynthesis
(GCSE Grade C)
• Describe the theory of atmospheric
evolution (GCSE Grade A)
• Explain the different air pollutants (GCSE
Grade A)
4. When you are finished…..
Look through the Science B OCR textbook p98-
109.
Identify the keywords and produce a glossary of
revision cards for your folder.
5. Low boiling point
Easy to light
Low viscosity
High boiling point
Hard to light
High viscosity
Short
Long
LPG
(propane and
butane gas)
petrol
paraffin
diesel
heating
oil
fuel
oils
bitumen
Weaker intermolecular
forces
Stronger intermolecular
forces
Labeling distillation(GCSE Grade D)
Describe the distillation process (GCSE Grade B)
Describing the distillation
process in terms of
boiling point and
intermolecular forces
(GCSE Grade A)
6. Fractions you need to remember:
LPG
Burnt as fuels
like in a cooker
petrol Burnt as fuels in
car engines
paraffin
Used in lubricants
& candles
diesel
Burnt as fuels in
lorries
bitumen
Used for
surfacing roads
fuel oils
Burnt as fuels on
boats
heating oil
Burnt as fuels in
boilers
8. Why do we need to crack hydrocarbons?
Large molecules are not so useful e.g. paraffin.
More petrol is needed but less paraffin is
needed. Paraffin can be broken down, or
“cracked” into petrol.
Converts large alkanes into smaller alkanes and
an alkene.
Explain how cracking meets demands (GCSE Grade A)
9. Station 1
c
a
1. Label the fractions on the diagram of the
fractionating tower (GCSE Grade B)
2. List some one use for each fraction (GCSE
Grade B)
3. Explain how fractional distillation works –
Include length of hydrocarbons, boiling
points, intermolecular (GCSE Grade A)
4. What happens after fractional distillation
to get useful products from left over long
chain hydrocarbons? (GCSE Grade D)
5. What fractions tend to be ‘cracked’?
(GCSE Grade D)
6. What catalyst is needed for ‘cracking’?
(GCSE Grade B)
7. Why is a catalyst used? (GCSE Grade A)
8. Explain how cracking meets demand
(GCSE Grade A)
b
d
e
f
12. Station 2
Use p 100-101 to help you.
Sort the cards into reasons for and against the
exploitation/use of crude oil (GCSE Grade C).
Use this information to write your opinion on whether
you think alternatives should be found (GCSE Grade A).
13. Help sheet
Sentence starters
I believe that extracting crude oil…..
Extracting crude oil pose a series of environmental
problems, these include…
The political problems associated with the
exploitation of crude oil are….
Connectives
Therefore, and so, also, because, consequently,
however, so.
14. Damages the environment Uses large areas of land
Expensive to restore the landscape after
extraction
Extraction under the sea is dangerous
Produces a large variety of products to
use
Oil spills harm animals, for example
damage to birds feathers causing death
as it loses its buoyancy and they often
ingest the oil
Clean up is expensive Oil spills destroy habitats for long periods
of time
The clean up detergents and barrages
cause environmental problems of their
own.
Oil is a fossil fuel (alongside coal and gas)
Fossil fuels take a very long time to make
and are used faster than they form, oil
may run out in 100 years.
Used for transport, fuels and heating
Used in dyes, plastics, medicines Political problems- UK is dependent on
oil and gas from politically unstable
countries.
Oil producing countries can set the prices
high
Expensive to build refineries and cracking
plants
15. Station 3
1. In your group try to work out what the acronym
TEA CUPS stands for. Each letter is a
characteristic of an oil to consider when picking
an oil. Record on the board how many your
group got (GCSE Grade D).
2. Look at the table of characteristics and evaluate
which fuel you would use for each use and
explain why (GCSE grade A).
3. Answer the data analysis exam questions
4. Mark your answers in green pen.
16. TEACUPS
What does each letter stand for. After 2 minutes collect the
answer from the front desk. Record on the board how many
your group got.
T
E
A
C
U
P
S
List factor in choosing a fuel (GCSE Grade D)
17. TEACUPS- ANSWER
What does each letter stand for. After 2 minutes collect
the answer from the front desk. Record on the board how
many your group got.
Toxicity
Energy value
Availability
Cost
Usability
Pollution
Storage
18. Comparing fuels
A) Open fire
B) Quad bike engine
Characteristic Coal Petrol
Toxicity Produces acid fumes Produces less acid fumes
Energy value High High
Availability Good Good
Cost High High
Usability Easier to store Flows easily and easy to
ignite
Pollution acid rain, carbon dioxide
and soot
carbon dioxide and carbon
monoxide
Storage Bulky and dirty Volatile
Evaluating fuels for a particular use (GCSE Grade A)
19. Station 4
1. Make a methane molecule and two oxygen
molecules with play dough. Hint sheet on the
front desk. Use a different colour for carbon,
oxygen and hydrogen.
2. Rearrange the atoms to make CO2 (carbon
dioxide) and H2O (water)
3. Draw this on your sheet for complete
combustion (GCSE Grade D).
20. 4. Take away one oxygen atom, what products can you
make (Incomplete combustion)? Draw the molecules and
write down a word equation. (GCSE Grade C)
5.Take away another and what products can you make
(Incomplete combustion)? Draw the molecules and write
down a word equation. (GCSE Grade C)
6. Write balanced symbol equation for complete
combustion and a symbol equation for both types of
incomplete combustion. (GCSE Grade A)
7. What might be the problems associated with these
products? Use p104-105 to help.
25. Extension: Complete and incomplete
combustion (GCSE Grade A)
What is the word equation for the complete
combustion of ethane (C2H6)?
What is the word equation for the incomplete
combustion of ethane (C2H6)?
BONUS: Give the symbol equation for the
complete combusion of C2H6
26. Station 5
1. Put the statements into chronological order
(time) to describe the evolution of the
atmosphere. Use p107 to help you. (GCSE
Grade C- although including information
about volcanoes is GCSE Grade A)
2. Present this information, either as a comic
strip or as a story.
Remember to keep an eye on the time!!
27. Original atmosphere contained ammonia and then carbon dioxide.
Degassing of early volcanoes produced a water and carbon dioxide rich
atmosphere.
Chemical reaction between ammonia and rocks produced nitrogen and
water. Condensing water formed the oceans.
Carbon dioxide dissolved into the oceans and nitrogen increased
because of it lack of reactivity.
Later, organisms that could photosynthesise evolved. These convert
carbon dioxide into water and oxygen. Oxygen levels increased.
As the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere increased the
percentage of carbon dioxide decreased to today’s levels were
reached.
The percentage of nitrogen slowly increased. Since nitrogen is
unreactive.
28. Station 6
1. Produce a mind map about the atmosphere. Use
p106-108, the sheets and your revision guide to help
you. You must include:
– The composition of air (GCSE Grade C)
– A carbon cycle including combustion, respiration and
photosynthesis (GCSE Grade B)
– Explain the different air pollutants (GCSE Grade A)
– DO NOT INCLUDE THE ORGIN’S OF THE ATMOSPHERE
2. Look at your self-assessment answer question related
to your red and amber objectives
3. Green pen mark your answers
29. C1 The
atmosphere
Composition of the
atmosphere
What is the
atmosphere made up
of? What are the
percentages?
Reasons for changes
in the atmosphere
How does respiration
affect the atmosphere
composition?
How does
photosynthesis affect
the atmosphere
composition?How does combustion
affect the atmospheric
composition?
Atmospheric
pollutants
Carbon monoxide
•How do they form?
•What impact do they
have?
Sulphur dioxide
Oxides of nitrogen
30. Percentage composition of clean air
21 % oxygen
78 % nitrogen
0.04 % carbon dioxide
The amounts of water vapour in the atmosphere
changes
31. The levels of gases in the air depend on:
• Combustion of fossil fuels, which increases the
level of carbon dioxide and decreases the level
of oxygen.
• Respiration of plants and animals increases
carbon dioxide and decreases oxygen.
• Photosynthesis by plants decreases the level
of carbon dioxide and increases oxygen.
32. Changes in the last few centuries…
Carbon dioxide has increased slightly due to:
– Deforestation- as more rainforests are cut down;
less photosynthesis takes place.
– Increased population- population increases;
worlds energy requirements increase.
34. Atmospheric pollutants
Oxides of nitrogen:
Photochemical smog acid rain formed
by reaction of nitrogen and oxygen at
very high temperatures such as in an
internal combustion engine.
36. a) Which part of the air doesn’t normally react?
b) Name the pollutant formed.
c) Give the word equation for the formation of this pollutant
d) What environmental problem does this pollutant cause?
e) What damage does this problem do?
f) How does photosynthesis change the levels of oxygen?
g) What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
h) What is the word equation for respiration?
i) Why has carbon dioxide increased slightly in recent centuries?
j) What makes up clean air?
37. a) Which part of the air doesn’t normally react?
Nitrogen
b) Name the pollutant formed.
Oxides of nitrogen NOx
c) Give the word equation for the formation of this pollutant
Nitrogen + oxygen oxides of nitrogen
d) What environmental problem does this pollutant cause?
Photochemical smog: acid rain
e) What damage does this problem do?
Causes asthma; erodes stones buildings and statues; kills plants and fish
f) How does photosynthesis change the levels of oxygen?
Plants takes in carbon dioxide and during photosynthesis convert this to oxygen.
g) What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen
h) What is the word equation for respiration?
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water
i) Why has carbon dioxide increased slightly in recent centuries?
deforestation and population increase
j) What makes up clean air?
carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen
38. If the hole in a Bunsen burner is closed there is
plenty of oxygen so complete combustion occurs
39. If the hole in a Bunsen burner is closed there is
plenty of oxygen so complete combustion occurs
40. Complete combustion gives carbon dioxide and
water. Incomplete combustion gives carbon
monoxide, carbon and water.
41. Complete combustion gives carbon dioxide and
water. Incomplete combustion gives carbon
monoxide, carbon and water.
42. Gas and oil are the only types of fossil fuels
43. Gas and oil are the only types of fossil fuels
44. Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation
45. Crude oil is separated by fractional distillation
