This project focuses on designing and improving an authentication system using blockchain technology. Blockchain provides a secure, decentralized, and tamper-proof way to store and verify user credentials. The system aims to optimize performance while maintaining high security, reliability, and transparency. Main Purpose: Enhance the security of authentication systems using blockchain. Reduce the risk of data breaches and identity theft. Improve efficiency, speed, and scalability of user verification processes. Evaluate and measure the performance of the system in real-world scenarios. Problem Statement: Traditional authentication systems often rely on centralized servers, which are vulnerable to hacking, data manipulation, and single points of failure. How can blockchain technology be used to design a secure, efficient, and scalable authentication system, and how can its performance be evaluated and optimized for real-world applications?

1. Seminar On
Seminar On
“Brain Computer Interface(BCI)”
“Brain Computer Interface(BCI)”
Presented by:
Presented by:
Mr.Gaikwad O.D.
Mr.Gaikwad O.D.
Department Of Electronics &Tele-Communication Engineering
Karmayogi Institute Of Technology (Polytechnic), Shelave-Pandharpur

2. List of Contents
List of Contents
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Informtion
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Future Scope
 Conclusion
 References

3. Introduction
Introduction
 Imagine a world where you can control devices using only
your thoughts—no touch, no voice, just your mind.
 Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are an emerging
technology that connects the human brain directly to
computers or machines.
 BCIs enable humans to communicate, control, and interact
with devices using brain signals alone.
 This technology is empowering people with severe paralysis
to operate wheelchairs, prosthetic limbs, and other assistive
devices.
 Beyond healthcare, BCIs are paving the way for innovations
in gaming, communication, and education.
 In essence, BCIs are transforming human interaction with
technology, making the impossible possible.

4. Literature Review
Literature Review
 BCIs are an emerging technology connecting the
brain directly to devices.
 EEG-based BCIs are popular for comfort and real-time
control.
 Machine learning makes BCIs smarter and more
accurate.
 Indian contributions: IIT Madras (CCBR), Prof. Diwakar
Vaish (mind-controlled robot & wheelchair), Dr. C.
Kesavadas (medical BCIs).
 Challenges: Signal noise, user variability, calibration.
 Future: Smarter, robust BCIs transforming healthcare,
prosthetics, and communication.

5. How BCI Works
How BCI Works

6. • Brain Activity: Neurons in the brain send electrical
impulses when we think or move.
• Signal Acquisition: Sensors (like EEG caps with
electrodes) record these brainwaves.
•Signal Processing: Software filters noise and decodes
patterns.
•Command Output: The system converts signals into
actions (e.g., moving a wheelchair, typing on a screen).
👉 Example: You think of moving your right hand →
electrodes detect specific brainwave pattern →
computer translates it → robotic arm moves.

7. What is BCI?
What is BCI?
 Definition: A system that reads brain activity,
translates it into digital signals, and sends commands to
a computer or machine.
 Core Idea: Turn thoughts into actions without using
muscles.
 It’s like learning a new language—but the language is
brainwaves.

8. Types Of BCI
Types Of BCI
 Invasive BCI
 Semi-Invasive BCI
 Non-Invasive BCI

9. 1.Invasive BCI
1.Invasive BCI
 Tiny wires are placed
inside the brain.
 They catch brain signals
directly from neurons.
 Signals are sent to a
computer to control
devices like robotic
arms.
 Very accurate but
requires surgery.
 Helps paralyzed people
move robotic hands or
type with thoughts.

10. 2.Semi-Invasive BCI
2.Semi-Invasive BCI
 Tiny wires are placed
inside the brain.
 They catch brain signals
directly from neurons.
 Signals are sent to a
computer to control
devices like robotic arms.
 Very accurate but
requires surgery.
 Helps paralyzed people
move robotic hands or
type with thoughts.

11. 3.Non-Invasive BCI
3.Non-Invasive BCI
 Electrodes or EEG cap
worn on head, no
surgery.
 Captures brain waves
from the scalp.
 Controls wheelchairs,
computers, or gaming
devices.
 Safe and easy, but
signals are weaker; user
needs practice.

12. Type Description Pros Cons
Invasive
Electrodes inside
brain tissue
Very accurate
Surgery
required,
infection risk
Semi-invasive
Electrodes under
skull
Better signal
than scalp
Still surgical,
moderate risk
Non-invasive
Electrodes on
scalp (EEG caps)
Safe, easy
Less accurate,
signal noise

13. Challenges & Limitations
Challenges & Limitations
 Brain signals are very weak and prone to noise.
 Learning curve for users; need practice to achieve
control.
 Expensive and complex devices.
 Ethical concerns: privacy of thoughts, mind hacking,
long-term implants.
 Limited real-time speed compared to traditional contro

14. Applications Of BCI
Applications Of BCI
 Medical – Prosthetics, Wheelchair control, Stroke
rehabilitation, Communication for paralyzed patients.
 Communication – Speech devices, Brain typing.
 Entertainment & Gaming – Mind-controlled games,
VR interaction.
 Smart Home – Control lights, TV, and home devices
 Military & Robotics – Control drones and robots.
 Education & Research – Study brain activity,
Improve learning.

15. Advantages Of BCI
Advantages Of BCI
 Helps disabled people regain control and independence.
 Enables mind-controlled devices and prosthetics.
 Supports communication for paralyzed or speech-
impaired users.
 Improves brain research, learning, and therapy.
 Can enhance gaming, VR, and smart home control.

16. Limitations / Challenges:
Limitations / Challenges:
 High cost of BCI devices and setup.
 Requires training and concentration to use effectively.
 Signals can be noisy; accuracy may vary.
 Limited portability for some medical devices.
 Ethical and privacy concerns regarding brain data.

17. Future Scope of BCI
Future Scope of BCI
 Advanced Prosthetics – Natural movement of robotic limbs.
 Paralysis & Stroke Therapy – Faster recovery using brain-
controlled devices.
 Mind-Controlled Devices – Operate smart homes, cars,
drones with thoughts.
 Neurogaming & VR – Immersive thought-controlled gaming
experiences.
 Cognitive Enhancement – Improve memory, focus, and
learning.
 Brain-to-Brain Communication – Future potential for direct
mind-to-mind interaction.
 AI Integration – Smarter adaptive devices learning from
brain signals.

18. Conclusion
Conclusion
Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is an amazing technology
that connects the human brain directly with machines. It is
helping differently-abled people communicate, move, and
live independently. With applications in medicine, gaming,
smart homes, and robotics, BCI is shaping the future.
Though it has challenges like cost and signal accuracy,
ongoing research and innovations are making it more
practical. In the coming years, BCI will become more
common, improving lives and opening new possibilities for
human-machine interaction.”

19. References
References
 PMC Article on BCI Applications
 MDPI Review on BCI Technology
 Stroke Survivor Speaks Again with BCI
 BCI in Stroke Rehabilitation
-https://jneuroengrehab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1
186/s
 MDPI Review on BCI Technology –
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/14/6347?
utm_source=chatgpt.com