This presentation provides an overview of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). It describes the three main components of a BCI system: signal acquisition, processing, and output. For acquisition, both invasive (ECoG, SU) and non-invasive (EEG, fMRI, fNIRS) techniques are used to record brain signals. Signals are then processed before being used to control output devices. The presentation discusses the history and applications of BCI in medical, smart environments, marketing, education, gaming, and security. While BCI shows promise, challenges remain around technology limitations and ethical issues.

1. A Seminar Presentation,
On
Brain Computer Interface
(BCI)
Presented By,
Debabrata Chakraborty,

2. NAME OR LOGO 2
Brain Computer Interface
(BCI)
What is it and why should we care?

3. NAME OR LOGO
The Block diagram of a
BCI System
(Incorporating Signal Detection, Processing and Deployment)

4. NAME OR LOGO 4
Let’s understand the Brain Computer interface in detail:
There are basically three components in the BCI System as shown in the figure below.

5. NAME OR LOGO 5
Signal acquisition : Input
• Invasive techniques: ECoG (electrocorticography) & SU
• Non-Invasive techniques: EEG, fMRI and fNIRS
 ECoG:
 EEG
:
(Electrocochleography)
(The electroencephalogram)

6. NAME OR LOGO 6
 fMRI:
 fNIRS:
Signal acquisition :
• Non-Invasive techniques:
(Functional magnetic resonance)
(Functional near-infrared spectroscopy)

7. NAME OR LOGO 7
Signal Output :
• Invasive techniques:
 Intracortical microelectrodes :
• Non-Invasive techniques:
 (TMS):
(Transcranial magnetic stimulation)

8. NAME OR LOGO
Signal Processing:

9. NAME OR LOGO

10. NAME OR LOGO 10
University of Washington, study shows direct brain interface between humans:
Some Scenarios :

11. NAME OR LOGO
Major Events of BCI
• 1924 ,Hans Berger, a German neurologist was
the first to record human brain activity by means
of EEG.
• 1970 ,Research on BCIs began at the
University of California Los Angeles (UCLA).
• 1978 ,A prototype was implanted into a man
blinded in adulthood. • Following years of animal
experimentation, the first neuroprosthetic
devices implanted in humans appeared in the
mid-1990s.
• 2005 ,Matthew Nagle was one of the first
persons to use a BCI to restore functionality lost
due to paralysis.
• 2013 ,Duke University researchers successfully
connected the brains of two rats with electronic
interfaces that allowed them to directly share
information, in the first-ever direct brain-to-brain
interface.

12. NAME OR LOGO
Application of BCI:
Other benefits include
○ medical,
○ neuroergonomics and smart
environment,
○ neuromarketing and advertising,
○ educational and self-regulation,
○ games and entertainment
○ security and authentication.
12

13. ApplicationofBCI:
1. Medical -
• Provide disabled people with communication, environment control, and movement restoration.
• Provide enhanced control of devices such as wheelchairs, vehicles, or assistance robots for
people with disabilities.
• Develop intelligent relaxation devices.
• Monitor stages of sleep, Bionics/Cybernetics, Memory Upload/Download, Dream Capture etc.

14. 2. Neuroergonomics and smart environment -
• BSLEACS – Brain computer interface-based Smart Living Environmental Auto-adjustment Control System
monitors the human mood and adapts to surrounding as per the mental state. Combination of healthcare and
brain computer applications can be successful in controlling the mental state.
• User’s Cognitive state is assessed to identify fatigue and production hours as one of the features of EEG. The
stress level of a doctor during the surgery also can be identified and alerted.
• In the transportation field – Cognitive state of drivers can be studied for drowsiness, alcoholism and fatigue
with the help of both ECG and EEG signals. Solutions like Stimulation methods and alertness are considered
after the detailed study.

15. 3. Neuromarketing and advertising.
4. Education -
• Personal interaction with each of the students using BCI technology to understand the experience and
knowledge is helpful in the education system.
• FMRI is used to cure mental illness like depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
• This method is also useful in sports competition to understand the emotional intelligence of the
participants to control stress

16. 5. Games and Entertainment -
Virtual word is very popular with the current generation that is functional by BCI technology. 3D/4D and 5D
games are possible with BCI. Games like Brain Arena for limb movements within the game and Brain ball to
control the stress level. Thus, with BCI technology users can gain multi-brain experience by implementing
them in the games .
6. Security and Authentication -
Many security systems use Cognitive biometric solutions which use biosignals to authenticate and thus avoid
any malpractices or crime. With the help of EEG feasibility of electrophysiology can be useful for disabled
patients to prepare signals difficult to attack and safe. Biometric signals with EEG can be utilized to send coded
warnings when the user is under attack

17. Advantages of BCI -
Eventually, this technology could:
• Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind.
• Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them to see
• Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to hear.
• Allow gamers to control video games with their minds
• Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a computer.

18. Disadvantages of BCI -
• Research is still in beginning stages.
• The current technology is crude.
• Ethical issues may prevent its development.
• Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the brain.
• Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.

20. Future of BCI?

21. BCI threats and vulnerabilities.

22. NAME OR LOGO
As BCI technology further advances, brain tissue
may one day give way to implanted silicon chips
thereby creating a completely computerized
simulation of the human brain that can be
augmented at will. Futurists predict that from there,
superhuman artificial intelligence won't be far
behind
Conclusion
BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE (BCI)
22

23. References -
 www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com
 https://itnext.io/what-is-a-brain-computer-interface-
20cb9edd4130
 https://www.mygreatlearning.com/blog/beginners-
guide-to-brain-computer-interface/
 https://towardsdatascience.com/
 https://ashutoshviramgama.com/

24. NAME OR LOGO 24

25. Thank
You