The document provides information about the key machines and processes in a blow room line. It begins with an overview of the blow room section and its purpose of opening, cleaning, blending cotton fibers into a uniform lap. It then details the functions of various machines, including the bale opener, step cleaner, vertical/twin opener, porcupine opener, hopper feeder, and blow room scutcher. It explains the conventional sequence of these machines and provides pictures to illustrate their workings. Newer automatic machines like the bale opener, UNIclean, UNImix, and Uniflex are also summarized.

1. Topic :
Information of blow room line
machines
• Aqsa khan
• Department of fibre and textile technology ,UAF
• Redg # 2015-ag-6249

2. Blow room :
• The section where the supplied compressed
bale is turn into a uniform lap of particular
length by opening , cleaning , blending or
mixing is called blow room section .
• It is first step of spinning .

3. Flow chart of blow room line
(conventional)

4. Hopper bale opener :

5. Objects :
i) To mix the various varieties of cotton thoroughly
iii) To open un clean the cotton.
iv) To extract the iron particles from cotton.
Stack Mixing:
According to the proportion, different varieties of cottons to be
mixed are uniformly . The cotton is fed into the creeper lattice of
the bale opener.
Creeper lattice will deliver the cotton on feed lattice. By the
movement of feed lattice, the cotton is conveyed against the spiked
upright lattice.
Swing door is used to control the feed in the main bin or maintain
the constant level of cotton on feed lattice.

6. Due to the spikes on the inclined lattice and direction of
movement, lumps of cottons will be carried upwards by the inclined
lattice. Hard pressed layers of cottons are well combed by the spikes
of the inclined lattice. Rapidly revolving spikes of the evener roller
(or regulating roller) beats and open the cotton.
Stripping roller strips the cotton from inclined lattice and projects it
over grid bar system where sand and heavy trashes are extracted.
The cotton falls into an outlet funned are taken away pneumatically
to the next machine through pneumatic pipes.
In the outlet funnel, permanent magnets are fitted to extract the
iron particles .
Suction fan is provided in the top of the machine and sucks the
dusty air which is settled down in the cellar.

7. Ultra cleaner / Step cleaner :
• Object of Step/ultra Cleaner Machine:
To open & clean the cotton by combinations
of opposite spike action & the beating action.
• Main Parts :
i. Motor.
ii. Motor pulley.
iii. Beaters.
iv. Baffle plate.
v. Grid
• Vi. Photo-cell

8. Step cleaner

9. .
Feeding section :
Condenser is employed to feed cotton to the step cleaner.
Photo-cell arrangement in the reserve tower unit monitor the
height of reserve fibres and signals stop or start commands to
the proceeding machine. Cotton is fed from the reserve tower
by pair of feed roller
Beating section :
The rapid revolution of 6 beating cylinders (multiple beater)
and beating of the spikes on cotton against grid bar
centrifugal force and gravity combine effectively to open the
cotton and remove the heavier impurities. Heavier impurities,
dust & dirt particles, short fibres , etc, from the cotton are
passed through the spacing of the bars and is collected outside
the grid bar.

10. SALIENT Features OF STEP CLEANER ARE:
i)Effective Micro dust Extraction by dust hood.
ii) The degree of opening and trash extraction can be adjusted for a very wide
range of cotton types and grades by changing the speed of beater, (460,640
and 800 rpm) and the profile of grid to beater.
iii) Action of multiple beater and grid bars Removes heavy impurities and
remove maximum trash.
v) Simple efficient unit suitable for all classes of cotton.
vi) Design features facilitate integration with Centralized waste extraction
system.
vii) Adjustable grid bar profile to optimize cleaning efficiency.

11. Vertical/twin opener :

12. Working principle and features of vertical opener :
It consists the inlet pipe into which the tufts are blown by the
material transport Fan.
The rapid revolution of the vertical beater shaft, heavier beating of
the striker in cotton against grid bar, centrifugal force and gravity
combines effectively to open the cotton and remove the heavier
major trash particles from it.
Due to opening of cotton tufts, heavy dust, dirt, sand particles, seed
bits & other Vegetable particles, short fibres and other foreign
impurities are extracted and passed through the spacing of the grid
bars, surrounding the beater. Vertical opener is used to process only
low grade and short staple cottons.
Due to high degree of opening action and major cleaning point
vertical opener is not recommended for processing long stapled fine
cottons.

13. How cotton tend to rise to the top
of the machine ?

14. Porcupine opener :

15. Working principle :
The cotton fed is carried forward by the feed lattice. The sheet of
cotton now pass between pedal and pedal roller.
16 circular disc are mounted on the shaft of this opener. 14 to 18
striker blades are arranged alternatively on each circular disc. Each
striker is bent to a slightly different angle.
The compressed sheet of cotton delivered from the feed roller is
heavily beat by the rapidly revolving striker of the porcupine beater
against grid bar.
Stripping rail is provided, this is a metal bar which is set about 1/16
inch away from the end of the striker. This small clearance between
stripping rail and striker prevents bunches of cotton being carried
around by the beater.

16. Cotton from the beater region is taken out by the air current set by
the fan and is deposited on to the cages.
The compressed sheet of cotton is delivered from the cage by
means of pair of delivery roller to the next process.
Note : While processing fine cotton and
viscose rayon, porcupine opener is not
recommended

17. Hopper feeder :

18. Importance of feed control in Hopper Feeder:
The volume of cotton contained in the reserve bin determine the
regularity or uniformity of the lap.
Front sheet should be set properly according to the lap weight per
yard required.
Improper feeding in the hopper and improper setting of front sheet
will tend to produce too heavy or low weight lap (or) non
uniformity lap which causes to reject the lap.
So feed control in Hopper Feeder is important in the blow room
line to produce uniform lap.

19. Blow room scutcher :

20. OBJECTS OF THE SCUTCHER ARE:
i) To further break down and clean the cotton tufts by a
beater
ii) To convert the mass of cotton fibres into a uniform
thick sheet of cotton both longitudinally and
transversely and wound in the form of a compactly
built lap

21. *TWO WAY DISTRIBUTOR distribute the cotton from
opening and cleaning line of Blow room line into two
scutcher equally.
* CONDENSER WITH FAN Suck the material from two way
distributor and feed it to the reserve bin of hopper feeder.
* Hopper feeder ( with Reserve feed & delivery ) mix,
comb,open and clean the cotton. At last it provide uniform
feeding of cotton upon the lattice, across the full width of
scutcher.
* Pedal feed motion control the feed and maintain the
weightof cotton fed per unit time as constant for lap
weight unitormity.
* 3 Bladed Beater Open and clean the cotton.

22. * Cage with fan Suck the material from Bladed beater,
extract the lighter impurities and it provide uniform
feeding as a 3
sheet form on lattice across the full width of the scutcher
* Again one set of pedal feed motion, 2 Bladed Beater &
cage
with fan is placed and above mentioned works are
achieved/ repeated.
*At last, cylinder Roller section Compress the sheet of
which is delivered from cage.
*Compressed sheet of cotton now pass under the dead
roller. and is wound on lap roller, which is called lap.

23. Blow room(conventional) sequence :

25. Automatic bale opening machine :
First generation bale opening machines were the mostly
stationary. Only the bales were moved , either backward
and forward or in a circle .
The second generation machines are of travelling type
the moves the bale of the layout and extract material
from top to bottom .
This machine is completely electrically controlled
Various bales are fed to the bale opener and it separate
the cotton into small tufts

27. Features of bale opener:
• Fiber saving even opening .
• Production rate 1500kg /hr.
• Easy operation ,minimal maintainanace.
• Universally applicable .
• Up to 3 bale groups at the same time.
• Continuous bale supply

28. UNIclean : (rieter)

30. THE UNIQUE WORKING PRINCIPLE
The material is fed to the UNIclean B 12 where it is picked up by
special pins and passed five times mechanically over the cleaning
grid. During the process the raw material is guided over the
integrated dust extracting filter where dust, fiber fragments and fi
ne trash particles are stripped off mechanically. The combination
of newly developed grid bars, optimized material flow and
increased dedusting area guarantees an efficient cleaning effect
also at high rates of production. The cleaning process is not
affected by air currents and is thus controlled and effective

31. OPTIMUM CLEANING
High cleaning performance
and low losses of good
fiber can be quickly
checked by visual waste
control. The quality of
waste removal can also be
assessed whilst the
machine is in operation.

32. UNImix (rieter) :

33. Main benefits :
• Intensive three point
blending .
• Production : 1200kg/hr
• large storage capacity
ensure continuous
feeding

34. Working principle :
The machine is made up of three parts: a storage section, an
intermediate chamber and a delivery section. Tufts are fed
pneumatically and simultaneously into eight chute arranged one
behind the other in the storage section. A conveyor belt feeds the
stock through the intermediate chamber to the spiked lattice. The
material columns are thus diverted from the vertical into the
horizontal.. Thereafter, as in a blending opener, material is extracted
from the intermediate chamber and subjected to a further opening
step between an inclined spiked lattice (3) and an evener roller (4)
(short-term blending). An optical sensor ensures that only a small
quantity of fiber stock is held in the mixing chamber in front of the
lattice (3). Behind the spiked lattice there is a take-off roller and a
simple pneumatic suction feed to the next machine

35. Uniflex :
1. Filling chute
2. Perforated drum
3. Distance between
feed through
4. Grid
5. Opening cylinder
6. Fan
Objective : for opening cleaning and
dedusting of cotton .

37. Rieter blow room line :

38. References :
http://yarnmanufacturing.blogspot.com
https://textlnfo.wordpress.com
http://www.rieter.com