The compact spinning is a process where fiber strand drawn by drafting system is condensed before twisting it.Following methods are used by machine manufacturers to condense the fiber strand.
1. Aerodynamic condensing.
2. Mechanical condensing.
3. Magnetic condensing.
Compact spinning has a promising future because of the higher production and improved quality of compact yarns
The compact spinning is a process where fiber strand drawn by drafting system is condensed before twisting it.Following methods are used by machine manufacturers to condense the fiber strand.
1. Aerodynamic condensing.
2. Mechanical condensing.
3. Magnetic condensing.
Compact spinning has a promising future because of the higher production and improved quality of compact yarns
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water Industry Process Automation and Control Monthly - May 2024.pdf
class 2.ppt
1. Blow room is the first step of yarn
production in the spinning mills.
Basic operations in the blow-room:
opening
cleaning
mixing or blending
micro-dust removal
uniform feed to the carding machine
Blow room
2. Blow room installations consist of a sequence of different
machines to carry out the above operations.
Moreover, since the tuft size of cotton becomes smaller
and smaller,
The required degree of processing necessitates different
machine configuration.
Cont.….
Opening separates the compressed masses of staple into loose
tufts and removes the heavier impurities.
Opening
3. Cont..
The working hypothesis of opening
is illustrated by calculation of the
theoretical tuft weight curve starting
from the bale, up to the cylinder of
carding.
How?
5. It is necessary to open more & more surfaces by opening devices
Then remove the impurities from the newly created surfaces.
Various types of grid bards are used for this purpose.
In addition, air flow is also used to separate the trash from fibers.
Suction devices are also used for separation of trash and dust.
Various types of cleaning devices are:
Cleaning by Grid
Cleaning by Air
Cleaning
7. Some Technological points connected to opening and cleaning
The larger the dirt particle, the better they can be removed.
Higher the degree of opening results in higher the degree of
cleaning.
Higher roller speeds give a better cleaning effect, but also more
stress on the fiber.
The degree of cleaning is strongly dependent on the TRASH %.
It is also affected by the size of the particle & stickiness of cotton.
Therefore cleaning is always an important basic operation in
modern blow-room.
8. opening device
fiber alignment
speed of the opening device
degree of penetration thickness of the feed web
density of the feed web
size of the flocks in the feed
area of the grid surface and grid settings
ambient R.H.% and ambient temperature etc.
General factors which affect the type of degree
of opening , cleaning and fiber loss are:
9. Amount of trash in raw cotton – Trash in lap
D.C = …………………………………………… * 100
Amount of trash in raw cotton
Degree of cleaning(D.C) of the machine is the ratio of the trash
removed by the machine to that of total trash fed to the
machine, expressed as percentage.
Degree of cleaning
Mixing or Blending
Blending:
When different fibers of same/
different grades are kept together,
then it is called blending.
Mixing:
If different grade of same
fibers are kept together, then it
is called mixing.
10. Almost all manufacturers of blow room machinery now offer
dust-removing machines or equipment
In addition to opening and cleaning machines.
The dust is mainly removed, due to high fiber to metal friction
or high fiber to fiber friction.
Micro-dust removal
Uniform feed to the carding machine
Finally, the blow room must ensure that raw material is
uniform deliver to the carding.
11. Magnetic extractors: This is used in order to remove ferrous
metals mixed with material.
Fire eliminators: This consist spark detector & eliminating device.
Foreign matter detectors: It would intercept or prevent foreign
matter in the opening and cleaning line, beginning of the spinning
process in order to prevent fibrous contaminants.
Associated equipment
12. Some general recommended process conditions in blow-room
It is advisable to run the fans at optimum speeds and reduce the
number of fans in the line
All blow-room machines should work with maximum efficiency.
Number of cleaning points are decided based on type of ginning.
Machinery selection should be based on the type of cotton and
production requirement.
Grid bars should be inspected periodically, damaged grid bars
should be replaced.
Fiber rupture should be checked for each opening point
13. Carding
In the yarn manufacturing process, carding comes after opening
and cleaning of fibers at blow room.
Carding process is considered, so important that carding is often
called “the heart of spinning”.
Individualization of fibers
Elimination of impurities
Elimination of dust
Reduction in neps
Fibre mixing/blending & Sliver forming
Objectives of Carding
14. Individualization of fibers
Carding is done primarily to individualize fibers.
Blow-room machines open fibers in the form of flocks and
A card will be a finishing operation of opening by individualizing
them.
Elimination of impurities
The degree of cleaning of card is achieved up to 80-90 % in the
modern carding machine.
The over-all degree of cleaning achieved by the blow room and the
carding together is as high as 95-99 %.
But, card sliver still contains 0.05-0.3 % of trash and other foreign
matters.
15. Reduction in Neps
Number of neps in fibres increases in the blow-room.
In carding, neps are drastically reduced.
This can be attributed largely to the un-entanglement of
neps rather than removal of neps during carding action.
Elimination of Dust
Dust removal requires significant fiber/metal and
fiber/fiber friction; since, both are available in carding.
Fiber Blending
There is a repeated rotation of fibres in the card cylinder before
it is removed by the doffer, the time spent is very small.
So, there is not much longitudinal blending in carding.
However, sufficient transverse blending takes place when web
is condensed in to a sliver.
16. Sliver Formation
Card forms a bulky sliver of overlapping and partially aligned
fibres.
The linear density of card sliver has hank from 3 ktex (new
spinning processes) to 6 ktex.
General, the hank lies b/n 4 and 5.5ktex in the spinning mills.
Functional Zone of carding
Generally there are four
functional zone of carding
Feeding zone - feed roller
Cleaning zone- licker-in
Carding zone- cylinder & flat
Sliver formation zone-doffer
17. Draw frame
Draw frames are used after carding in yarn manufacturing process.
In the case of combed yarn manufacturing, draw frames are used
before as well as after combing.
Objectives
Improvement in material
evenness
Parallelizing fibers
Blending
Dust removal
Improving Evenness
It is done in two stages; at breaker
and at finisher draw frames.
Therefore, two passages of drawing
with eight ends (sometimes six) each
time would produce a single sliver
consisting.
18. Parallelization
To achieve an optimal value for the strength of yarn, fibers must
be arranged parallel to each other & along the axis of yarn.
Draw frame fulfills this task by way of the drafting rollers.
Mixing and Blending
Drawing is the final stage of quality improvement in a spinning
plant before yarn is spun.
This is by providing the degree of compensation of raw material
variation by blending.
This result is exploited in particular, in the production of blended
yarns consist of cotton/synthetic blends.
19. Dust removal
Draw frame is a machine where a very high degree of fiber/fiber
friction takes place in the drafting zone; so it lead separating dust.
Many modern draw frames have appropriate suction removal
systems; more than 80% of the incoming dust can be extracted.
Elements of the draw frame
Creel (sliver feed)
The drafting system
Delivery and coiling
20. Combing
Elimination of a precisely pre-determined quantity of short fibers.
Elimination of remaining impurities after blow-room and carding.
Elimination of large proportion (not all) of the neps in the fiber
To straighten the fibers
Formation of a sliver having maximum possible evenness.
21. Roving frame
Objective
Attenuation: drafting the sliver into roving.
The drafting arrangement in the roving frame attenuates the slivers
with a draft between 5-20.
Twisting: Twist of 30-65 per meter is usually provided in the roving
frame.
Winding: the twisted roving on a bobbin.
22. In cotton yarn production there are two main spinning systems
which are used for the production:
Ring spinning system,
OE rotor spinning system
Apart from these systems, there are new yarn spinning systems
Friction spinning systems
Air jet spinning systems
Spinning
The final stage of producing yarn.
23. Functions of Ring frame
The ring spinning machine is designed to :
To attenuate the roving until the required
fineness is achieved.
To imparting strength to the fiber strand by
inserting twist.
To wind up the resulting yarn in a suitable for
storage, transportation and further processing.
The main spinning arrangements are:
1- Drafting arrangement
2- Spindle
3- Ring and traveler
24. OE rotor spinning
Tasks of rotor spinning machine
Opening almost to individual fibers (fiber separation)
Cleaning
Combining (forming a coherent linear strand from individual
fibers)
Ordering (the fibers in the strand must have an orientation as far as
possible in the longitudinal direction)
Homogenizing to improve evenness
Imparting strength by twisting and
Winding to a cylindrical(weaving) or conical(knitting)cross-wound
packages
26. Post-spinning processes
Winding
Bobbins from a ring frame contain too little yarn to be useful in
modern fabric making equipment and,
It is necessary to rewind the yarn onto larger packages.
It is very important that the yarn which is to be sold or used in a
subsequent process should be ‘put up’ into the correct sort of
package–usually cones, cheeses, or occasionally, hanks.
The transfer of yarn from the ring tube to the cheese or cone
provides an opportunity to remove yarn faults.
27. Winding is carried out for the following purposes:
To change the type of wind.
To change the package density.
To remove yarn faults.
To create a package which is not influenced to damage.
Plying
For sewing threads, as well as certain speciality and industrial
yarns, it is necessary to ply (i.e. to double or fold) the yarns to
give them a smoother and less hairy character.
Doubling improves the evenness; plying balances torque if
carried out correctly and binds some of the hairs on the
component yarns.
28. When, smooth cotton yarns are required, as in sewing thread,
they are sometime singeing (or ‘gassed’) to remove the hairs.
Such yarns are often two-ply; long-staple cottons are frequently
used to give maximum strength and resistance to abrasion.
Singeing
Waxing
It is applied in some machine specially winding in order to
reduce the effect of friction on yarns, Ex Candle.
Oil is applied through a device located on spindle head and
comprising/consist a tank and a bush that, by capillary action,
allows the oil to rise, reaching the yarn contact zone.