The document discusses the process of cotton ginning. Cotton ginning involves separating cotton fibers from seeds through machines. The key steps are: 1) Cotton is dried and cleaned to remove debris; 2) Ginning machines like saw gins and roller gins use teeth or saws to pull fibers through screens to separate them from seeds; 3) Processed fibers are pressed into bales for shipping. Proper adjustments and cleaning are important for an efficient ginning process that avoids damaging fibers.
This document discusses the technology of draw frame autolevellers used in textile manufacturing. It covers the following key points:
1. Draw frame autolevellers help improve yarn quality by monitoring sliver thickness and adjusting the draft to maintain a consistent sliver thickness and count CV%. This helps produce yarn with less variation.
2. There are two main types of autolevellers - open loop and closed loop. Closed loop systems are better for correcting long-term variations.
3. Important parameters for quality leveling include the leveling intensity, which determines how much the draft is adjusted, and the leveling action point, which is where corrections are applied along the production process.
This document discusses the rotor spinning process. It begins by describing the basic principle of open-end yarn formation and the different types of open-end spinning processes. It then provides details on the specific features, principles, and settings of rotor spinning machines. This includes descriptions of the feed, sliver opening, fiber transport, yarn formation, and winding processes. It discusses the raw material requirements and preparation for rotor spinning. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the rotor spinning process from fiber preparation through yarn formation and winding.
This document discusses different types of knitting machines and fabrics produced on them. It describes single jersey, pique, and fleece fabrics which are produced on single bed needle machines. Double knit machines have two beds of needles and can produce interlock, rib, and double jersey fabrics. Three thread fleece is made on fleece machines and has long loops on the back side, allowing for high brushing. Characteristics of two thread and three thread fleece fabrics are provided such as weight, yarn used, and fiber percentages. Common issues that can occur with fleece knitting and their remedies are also outlined.
The document discusses the roving frame machine, which comes after the draw frame in the spinning process. The roving frame drafts sliver from draw frame cans into a thin roving strand and applies a light twist. It operates by drafting the sliver, guiding it through the flyer to apply twist, and winding the roved strand onto bobbins. While complicated, the roving frame produces packages of roving suitable for input to the ring frame. Efforts to eliminate this step have not succeeded due to the high drafts required in ring frames.
1. The document describes the components and operation of a modern comber machine. It has single or double sided heads with 8 or 12 heads respectively.
2. Key components include the nippers, which grip the lap and present it to the combing cylinder. The top comb combs the trailing end of the fringe.
3. The combing cylinder and top comb remove short fibers and impurities, forming the noil, while the detaching rollers separate the combed fringe to form a web.
The document discusses the operation of the carding machine, which is considered the "heart" of the spinning mill. It describes the key tasks of the carding machine, including opening fibers into individual strands, removing impurities, disentangling neps, and forming sliver for further processing. The operating principle is explained, with details provided on the material feed, licker-in, main cylinder, flats, doffer, and sliver formation processes. Different carding machine designs are also summarized, such as variations in the card chute and feed device configurations.
The document is a presentation on carding that discusses:
1) The introduction to carding, which breaks up locks of fiber and aligns individual fibers parallel to each other.
2) The objectives of carding such as opening fibers, eliminating impurities, disentangling naps, and orienting fibers.
3) The conclusion that carding arranges fibers in parallel to produce fine yarn from staple fiber.
The document discusses the draw frame machine used in textile processing. It begins by outlining the objectives of studying the necessity, objectives, construction, and working of the draw frame. It then provides details on:
- The drawing process and how it elongates and levels slivers
- The objectives and functions of the draw frame machine
- The main sections of the draw frame including the creel, drafting, sliver condensing, and coiler sections
- Factors that influence drafting such as fiber properties, drafting arrangement design, and drafting conditions
- The behavior of fibers in the drafting zone and the role of fiber-fiber friction
- Types of irregularities that can occur during drafting
The
This document discusses the technology of draw frame autolevellers used in textile manufacturing. It covers the following key points:
1. Draw frame autolevellers help improve yarn quality by monitoring sliver thickness and adjusting the draft to maintain a consistent sliver thickness and count CV%. This helps produce yarn with less variation.
2. There are two main types of autolevellers - open loop and closed loop. Closed loop systems are better for correcting long-term variations.
3. Important parameters for quality leveling include the leveling intensity, which determines how much the draft is adjusted, and the leveling action point, which is where corrections are applied along the production process.
This document discusses the rotor spinning process. It begins by describing the basic principle of open-end yarn formation and the different types of open-end spinning processes. It then provides details on the specific features, principles, and settings of rotor spinning machines. This includes descriptions of the feed, sliver opening, fiber transport, yarn formation, and winding processes. It discusses the raw material requirements and preparation for rotor spinning. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the rotor spinning process from fiber preparation through yarn formation and winding.
This document discusses different types of knitting machines and fabrics produced on them. It describes single jersey, pique, and fleece fabrics which are produced on single bed needle machines. Double knit machines have two beds of needles and can produce interlock, rib, and double jersey fabrics. Three thread fleece is made on fleece machines and has long loops on the back side, allowing for high brushing. Characteristics of two thread and three thread fleece fabrics are provided such as weight, yarn used, and fiber percentages. Common issues that can occur with fleece knitting and their remedies are also outlined.
The document discusses the roving frame machine, which comes after the draw frame in the spinning process. The roving frame drafts sliver from draw frame cans into a thin roving strand and applies a light twist. It operates by drafting the sliver, guiding it through the flyer to apply twist, and winding the roved strand onto bobbins. While complicated, the roving frame produces packages of roving suitable for input to the ring frame. Efforts to eliminate this step have not succeeded due to the high drafts required in ring frames.
1. The document describes the components and operation of a modern comber machine. It has single or double sided heads with 8 or 12 heads respectively.
2. Key components include the nippers, which grip the lap and present it to the combing cylinder. The top comb combs the trailing end of the fringe.
3. The combing cylinder and top comb remove short fibers and impurities, forming the noil, while the detaching rollers separate the combed fringe to form a web.
The document discusses the operation of the carding machine, which is considered the "heart" of the spinning mill. It describes the key tasks of the carding machine, including opening fibers into individual strands, removing impurities, disentangling neps, and forming sliver for further processing. The operating principle is explained, with details provided on the material feed, licker-in, main cylinder, flats, doffer, and sliver formation processes. Different carding machine designs are also summarized, such as variations in the card chute and feed device configurations.
The document is a presentation on carding that discusses:
1) The introduction to carding, which breaks up locks of fiber and aligns individual fibers parallel to each other.
2) The objectives of carding such as opening fibers, eliminating impurities, disentangling naps, and orienting fibers.
3) The conclusion that carding arranges fibers in parallel to produce fine yarn from staple fiber.
The document discusses the draw frame machine used in textile processing. It begins by outlining the objectives of studying the necessity, objectives, construction, and working of the draw frame. It then provides details on:
- The drawing process and how it elongates and levels slivers
- The objectives and functions of the draw frame machine
- The main sections of the draw frame including the creel, drafting, sliver condensing, and coiler sections
- Factors that influence drafting such as fiber properties, drafting arrangement design, and drafting conditions
- The behavior of fibers in the drafting zone and the role of fiber-fiber friction
- Types of irregularities that can occur during drafting
The
This document provides information about the jute spinning process. It discusses the objectives of spinning which are to reduce the weight of sliver, impart twist to form yarn, and wind the yarn onto bobbins. There are two main types of spinning - sliver spinning which produces yarn directly from sliver, and roving spinning which produces finer yarn from roving. The main tasks of the spinning frame are drafting, twisting, and winding. Drafting systems include slip draft, apron draft, and V-grooved roller draft. Twisting is imparted by the flyers and winding occurs on bobbins. The document also discusses machine parts, operations, and quality checks.
This document discusses the rapier loom and rapier weaving. It begins by defining a rapier loom as one that uses a rapier to pull the weft yarn across the loom. It can use a single or double rapier system. It then describes the key components and functioning of single and double rigid and flexible rapier systems. It also discusses different weft insertion principles like Dewas and Gabler systems as well as rapier drives, features of modern rapier looms, selvedge formation, weft insertion rates, and equations for calculating weaving production rates.
Drafting is the creation of a drawing or other graphical representation of a building, mechanical device or other structure for the purposes of determining how the device should be created. Drafting is used as a part of the design and fabrication processes. Drafting can be done by hand or using specially designed computer programs and mechanical drawings.
Drafting arrangement is the most important part of the machine. It influences mainly evenness and strength The following points are therefore very important
1) Plain single jersey is a basic weft knitted fabric where the front side has face loops forming a "V" shape and the back side has back loops forming semi-circles.
2) It is produced using a plain circular latch needle machine with one set of needles knitting at each feed to form a single loop per course.
3) Single jersey fabric is lightweight, comfortable, and inexpensive to produce, making it widely used for apparel and other applications. Variations can be made by modifying the knitting order.
Open-end spinning or rotor spinning is a technology for creating yarn without using a spindle. It separates fiber slivers into single fibers using an air stream and deposits them onto a collecting surface where they are twisted into yarn as it is drawn off. The principle is similar to a clothes dryer where individual sheets can be pulled out while twisting together. Fibers are fed onto the collecting surface which is continuously moving, aligning the fibers and twisting them into a thread that is wound onto a bobbin. Open-end spinning allows internal fiber stresses to relax and imparts twist directly onto the yarn end rather than drafting fibers. This makes the process faster and less labor intensive than ring spinning.
This document discusses yarn properties that are important for knitting, including count, twist, evenness, and imperfections. It compares combed and carded yarns, noting that combed yarn is of higher quality with fewer imperfections. Combed yarn produces knit fabrics with less pilling, shrinkage, and higher grammage. While more expensive to produce, combed yarn results in fabrics with better properties for knitting. The document also discusses yarn count, count variation, unevenness percentage, and classifications of yarn fineness.
The document discusses various aspects of automatic loom mechanisms, including:
1. It describes different types of weft replenishment mechanisms like mechanical, electrical, and photoelectric feelers and how they work to automatically detect when the weft yarn is running low and trigger a change.
2. It explains different weft patterning motions like weft mixing, drop box, and circular box motions that allow inserting different weft yarns to create patterns.
3. It provides details on how circular box and weft mixing motions work through lever mechanisms to rotate the boxes and change the inserted weft yarn every other pick.
This document is an 11-page lab report on studying a flat bed knitting machine. It includes diagrams of the machine's yarn path, needle beds arranged in a V formation, and cam carriage system. The report describes the machine parts like the needle beds, yarn carriers, and different cams. It explains the knitting action where the needle butts are lifted and lowered by the cam system to transfer stitches and form new loops. The conclusion states that this experiment provided an introduction to flat bed knitting machine operations and settings that could help with industrial applications.
This document presents information about ring spinning. Md. Yousuf Hossain from Green University of Bangladesh introduces the topic and defines key terms like fiber, spinning and yarn. It then describes the ring spinning process which involves blow room, carding, draw frame and speed frame before the roving reaches the ring frame. Here, it is drafted and twisted to produce yarn, which is then wound onto bobbins. The document focuses on the drafting zone of the ring frame and explains how higher drafts are applied. It also provides details about how the yarn travels through the traveller and onto the cop during winding. In closing, advantages and limitations of ring spinning are mentioned.
This presentation discusses knitting machine elements like needles, sinkers, cams, and lubrication systems. It describes different types of needles from manufacturers like Groz-Beckert, their specifications and benefits. Sinkers are thin metal plates that perform functions like loop formation and holding down. Cams are profiled to produce needle movements and include knit, tuck, and miss cams. Pulsonic and Uniwave are lubrication systems that precisely distribute oil to reduce consumption and mist. The effects of these elements on fabric properties are also examined.
This document discusses different types of picking and picking mechanisms used in weaving. It begins with an introduction to picking, which is the process of passing the weft yarn through the warp shed during weaving. It then describes various picking mechanisms including overpicking, underpicking, and cone overpick and underpick mechanisms. The document provides details on how these different mechanisms work to insert the weft yarn through the shed. It concludes with advantages and disadvantages of different weft insertion methods like projectile, rapier, air jet, and water jet looms.
This document provides information about different types of modern looms. It begins with introducing the presenters and then defines a loom as a device used for weaving fabrics. It proceeds to describe several types of modern shuttleless looms - rapier, air jet, water jet, and projectile looms. For each loom type, it discusses their key features, mechanisms, advantages, and applications. Multiphase looms, which allow continuous weft insertion through ever-changing warp sheds, are also briefly covered.
This document provides an overview of drawing and texturizing processes in the textile industry. It begins with an introduction to filament production from man-made materials and defines drawing as a process used to orient polymer molecules and increase filament strength. Texturizing is defined as introducing crimps, loops or coils to filaments to create bulk. Common texturizing methods like false twist, draw texturizing and air jet texturizing are described. The document concludes with links to related textile technology Facebook pages.
Opening in blow room means opening into small flocks. Technological operation of opening means the volume of the flock is increased while the number of fibres remains constant
Warp knitting and crochet machines are used to produce a huge range of warp knitted fabrics (warp knits) for clothing, household textiles and technical textiles. Warp knitting machines are either single needle bar machines or double needlebar machines and are available in a wide range of gauges and widths, Modern machines are electronically controlled in terms of patterning, beam let-off and fabric take-up.
Picking Mechanism | Beat Up Mechanism | Over Picking Under Picking MechanismMd Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses weaving technology and describes different mechanisms involved. It focuses on picking and beat-up mechanisms. Picking inserts the weft thread through the warp shed and can be bidirectional or unidirectional. Beat-up drives the inserted weft to the fell of the cloth. There are different types of picking (over, under) and beat-up (single, double, cam) mechanisms that are suited to different fabric weights and loom styles. Faults like early/late picking and factors influencing beat-up force are also covered.
Air jet looms use compressed air to propel weft yarn across the warp yarn at rates up to 2850 meters per minute, allowing for multicolor weft insertion of up to 6 colors. Air jet looms have advantages like bidirectional computer communication, automatic pick repair, and controls on weft insertion timing, but their main disadvantage is higher power consumption due to compressed air use.
The document discusses the carding process which involves opening, cleaning and assembling fibers into a sliver through different sections of a carding machine like feed, licker-in, cylinder and doffer. It explains the objectives, necessities and zones of carding along with details of components like types of clothing, their functioning and settings that are important for quality carding. The document also covers developments in carding technology and types of drives used in modern carding machines.
Details study on apron, condenser, spacer and top roller.Asif Ahmed TONMOY
This document discusses various components used in yarn manufacturing, including aprons, condensers, spacers, and top rollers. It provides details on the materials and construction of aprons, the purpose and placement of different condensers, how spacer size is determined by roving hank, and the properties and functions of top rollers in controlling drafting.
The document summarizes the cotton ginning process. It begins with conditioning and separating lint from seed using either saw or roller ginning. Saw ginning uses saws to pull lint through ribs, while roller ginning uses rollers and knives. The ginning process then cleans and packages the lint into bales. Key steps include drying, cleaning with cylinders and sticks to remove debris, uniform feeding into gin stands for separation, additional cleaning of lint, and compressing lint into bales for storage and transport. Good housekeeping at the gin facility is important for safety.
Coarse cleaner and fine cleaner presentation.KATHAMAHANTY
The document discusses the components and functions of various machines used in the blowroom line of a textile mill. It describes the bale opener, coarse cleaner, blender, fine cleaner and their purposes of opening, blending, and removing impurities from cotton fibers. It also provides details on the working principles and parts of specific machines, such as the step cleaner, mono-cylinder cleaner, and axial flow cleaner.
This document provides information about the jute spinning process. It discusses the objectives of spinning which are to reduce the weight of sliver, impart twist to form yarn, and wind the yarn onto bobbins. There are two main types of spinning - sliver spinning which produces yarn directly from sliver, and roving spinning which produces finer yarn from roving. The main tasks of the spinning frame are drafting, twisting, and winding. Drafting systems include slip draft, apron draft, and V-grooved roller draft. Twisting is imparted by the flyers and winding occurs on bobbins. The document also discusses machine parts, operations, and quality checks.
This document discusses the rapier loom and rapier weaving. It begins by defining a rapier loom as one that uses a rapier to pull the weft yarn across the loom. It can use a single or double rapier system. It then describes the key components and functioning of single and double rigid and flexible rapier systems. It also discusses different weft insertion principles like Dewas and Gabler systems as well as rapier drives, features of modern rapier looms, selvedge formation, weft insertion rates, and equations for calculating weaving production rates.
Drafting is the creation of a drawing or other graphical representation of a building, mechanical device or other structure for the purposes of determining how the device should be created. Drafting is used as a part of the design and fabrication processes. Drafting can be done by hand or using specially designed computer programs and mechanical drawings.
Drafting arrangement is the most important part of the machine. It influences mainly evenness and strength The following points are therefore very important
1) Plain single jersey is a basic weft knitted fabric where the front side has face loops forming a "V" shape and the back side has back loops forming semi-circles.
2) It is produced using a plain circular latch needle machine with one set of needles knitting at each feed to form a single loop per course.
3) Single jersey fabric is lightweight, comfortable, and inexpensive to produce, making it widely used for apparel and other applications. Variations can be made by modifying the knitting order.
Open-end spinning or rotor spinning is a technology for creating yarn without using a spindle. It separates fiber slivers into single fibers using an air stream and deposits them onto a collecting surface where they are twisted into yarn as it is drawn off. The principle is similar to a clothes dryer where individual sheets can be pulled out while twisting together. Fibers are fed onto the collecting surface which is continuously moving, aligning the fibers and twisting them into a thread that is wound onto a bobbin. Open-end spinning allows internal fiber stresses to relax and imparts twist directly onto the yarn end rather than drafting fibers. This makes the process faster and less labor intensive than ring spinning.
This document discusses yarn properties that are important for knitting, including count, twist, evenness, and imperfections. It compares combed and carded yarns, noting that combed yarn is of higher quality with fewer imperfections. Combed yarn produces knit fabrics with less pilling, shrinkage, and higher grammage. While more expensive to produce, combed yarn results in fabrics with better properties for knitting. The document also discusses yarn count, count variation, unevenness percentage, and classifications of yarn fineness.
The document discusses various aspects of automatic loom mechanisms, including:
1. It describes different types of weft replenishment mechanisms like mechanical, electrical, and photoelectric feelers and how they work to automatically detect when the weft yarn is running low and trigger a change.
2. It explains different weft patterning motions like weft mixing, drop box, and circular box motions that allow inserting different weft yarns to create patterns.
3. It provides details on how circular box and weft mixing motions work through lever mechanisms to rotate the boxes and change the inserted weft yarn every other pick.
This document is an 11-page lab report on studying a flat bed knitting machine. It includes diagrams of the machine's yarn path, needle beds arranged in a V formation, and cam carriage system. The report describes the machine parts like the needle beds, yarn carriers, and different cams. It explains the knitting action where the needle butts are lifted and lowered by the cam system to transfer stitches and form new loops. The conclusion states that this experiment provided an introduction to flat bed knitting machine operations and settings that could help with industrial applications.
This document presents information about ring spinning. Md. Yousuf Hossain from Green University of Bangladesh introduces the topic and defines key terms like fiber, spinning and yarn. It then describes the ring spinning process which involves blow room, carding, draw frame and speed frame before the roving reaches the ring frame. Here, it is drafted and twisted to produce yarn, which is then wound onto bobbins. The document focuses on the drafting zone of the ring frame and explains how higher drafts are applied. It also provides details about how the yarn travels through the traveller and onto the cop during winding. In closing, advantages and limitations of ring spinning are mentioned.
This presentation discusses knitting machine elements like needles, sinkers, cams, and lubrication systems. It describes different types of needles from manufacturers like Groz-Beckert, their specifications and benefits. Sinkers are thin metal plates that perform functions like loop formation and holding down. Cams are profiled to produce needle movements and include knit, tuck, and miss cams. Pulsonic and Uniwave are lubrication systems that precisely distribute oil to reduce consumption and mist. The effects of these elements on fabric properties are also examined.
This document discusses different types of picking and picking mechanisms used in weaving. It begins with an introduction to picking, which is the process of passing the weft yarn through the warp shed during weaving. It then describes various picking mechanisms including overpicking, underpicking, and cone overpick and underpick mechanisms. The document provides details on how these different mechanisms work to insert the weft yarn through the shed. It concludes with advantages and disadvantages of different weft insertion methods like projectile, rapier, air jet, and water jet looms.
This document provides information about different types of modern looms. It begins with introducing the presenters and then defines a loom as a device used for weaving fabrics. It proceeds to describe several types of modern shuttleless looms - rapier, air jet, water jet, and projectile looms. For each loom type, it discusses their key features, mechanisms, advantages, and applications. Multiphase looms, which allow continuous weft insertion through ever-changing warp sheds, are also briefly covered.
This document provides an overview of drawing and texturizing processes in the textile industry. It begins with an introduction to filament production from man-made materials and defines drawing as a process used to orient polymer molecules and increase filament strength. Texturizing is defined as introducing crimps, loops or coils to filaments to create bulk. Common texturizing methods like false twist, draw texturizing and air jet texturizing are described. The document concludes with links to related textile technology Facebook pages.
Opening in blow room means opening into small flocks. Technological operation of opening means the volume of the flock is increased while the number of fibres remains constant
Warp knitting and crochet machines are used to produce a huge range of warp knitted fabrics (warp knits) for clothing, household textiles and technical textiles. Warp knitting machines are either single needle bar machines or double needlebar machines and are available in a wide range of gauges and widths, Modern machines are electronically controlled in terms of patterning, beam let-off and fabric take-up.
Picking Mechanism | Beat Up Mechanism | Over Picking Under Picking MechanismMd Rakibul Hassan
The document discusses weaving technology and describes different mechanisms involved. It focuses on picking and beat-up mechanisms. Picking inserts the weft thread through the warp shed and can be bidirectional or unidirectional. Beat-up drives the inserted weft to the fell of the cloth. There are different types of picking (over, under) and beat-up (single, double, cam) mechanisms that are suited to different fabric weights and loom styles. Faults like early/late picking and factors influencing beat-up force are also covered.
Air jet looms use compressed air to propel weft yarn across the warp yarn at rates up to 2850 meters per minute, allowing for multicolor weft insertion of up to 6 colors. Air jet looms have advantages like bidirectional computer communication, automatic pick repair, and controls on weft insertion timing, but their main disadvantage is higher power consumption due to compressed air use.
The document discusses the carding process which involves opening, cleaning and assembling fibers into a sliver through different sections of a carding machine like feed, licker-in, cylinder and doffer. It explains the objectives, necessities and zones of carding along with details of components like types of clothing, their functioning and settings that are important for quality carding. The document also covers developments in carding technology and types of drives used in modern carding machines.
Details study on apron, condenser, spacer and top roller.Asif Ahmed TONMOY
This document discusses various components used in yarn manufacturing, including aprons, condensers, spacers, and top rollers. It provides details on the materials and construction of aprons, the purpose and placement of different condensers, how spacer size is determined by roving hank, and the properties and functions of top rollers in controlling drafting.
The document summarizes the cotton ginning process. It begins with conditioning and separating lint from seed using either saw or roller ginning. Saw ginning uses saws to pull lint through ribs, while roller ginning uses rollers and knives. The ginning process then cleans and packages the lint into bales. Key steps include drying, cleaning with cylinders and sticks to remove debris, uniform feeding into gin stands for separation, additional cleaning of lint, and compressing lint into bales for storage and transport. Good housekeeping at the gin facility is important for safety.
Coarse cleaner and fine cleaner presentation.KATHAMAHANTY
The document discusses the components and functions of various machines used in the blowroom line of a textile mill. It describes the bale opener, coarse cleaner, blender, fine cleaner and their purposes of opening, blending, and removing impurities from cotton fibers. It also provides details on the working principles and parts of specific machines, such as the step cleaner, mono-cylinder cleaner, and axial flow cleaner.
The document provides information about the key machines and processes in a blow room line. It begins with an overview of the blow room section and its purpose of opening, cleaning, blending cotton fibers into a uniform lap. It then details the functions of various machines, including the bale opener, step cleaner, vertical/twin opener, porcupine opener, hopper feeder, and blow room scutcher. It explains the conventional sequence of these machines and provides pictures to illustrate their workings. Newer automatic machines like the bale opener, UNIclean, UNImix, and Uniflex are also summarized.
This document provides a feasibility report for the Fatima Khawar Spinning Mill Pvt. Ltd. project. The report details the production process, plant capacity, marketing plan, financial projections, and profitability analysis of the proposed 50,000 spindle cotton yarn spinning mill. The mill plans to produce 80 count cotton yarn and operate at 80% capacity in the first year located in Sundar Industrial Estate, Lahore, Pakistan. Financial projections estimate annual sales of Rs. 4.71 billion and profits of Rs. 3.81 billion with a 3.9 year return on investment. The report concludes the project is financially viable.
This document discusses ring spun yarn production. It provides details on the production process including bale management, blow room operations, carding, drawing, combing, roving using a simplex machine, ring spinning, autoconing, heat setting, and packing. Production parameters are given for 24s, 30s, and 40s ring spun yarn as well as 24s and 30s combed yarn. The document provides a comprehensive overview of the ring spinning process from raw cotton to finished yarn.
This document provides an overview of the cotton yarn manufacturing process. It begins with harvesting cotton and removing seeds through ginning. The fibers then undergo a series of processes to transform them into yarn, including blowroom, carding, drawing, combing, speed frame, ring spinning, and winding. These sequential steps clean and organize the fibers into a uniform roving that is then spun into yarn. The yarn manufacturing process produces different types and weights of yarn for various textile end products like apparel and home goods.
1.0 Details study of the Blow-room line ..pdfMdShetuMia
This document provides details about a sessional report for an experiment on studying a blow-room line. It includes:
1) An introduction describing the purpose of a blow-room section in yarn production and the machines used (Uniflock, Uniclean, Unimix, Uniflex).
2) Objectives of the experiment such as forming clean tufts of uniform length and observing machine functions.
3) A diagram and explanation of the blow-room line and its functions like opening, cleaning, and mixing fibers.
4) Workings principles of the individual machines - Unifloc, Uniclean, Unimix - and processes like opening, cleaning, and mixing they
Flax fiber is obtained from the stem of the flax plant. The document describes the process of obtaining and processing flax fiber. It involves cultivation of flax plants, harvesting, retting to separate fibers from stem, breaking, scutching, hackling, drawing, roving, spinning, drying, winding, and bleaching. Retting is done through dam, dew, water or chemical methods. Properties of flax fiber include high tensile strength when wet, yellowish-white color, and elongation of around 2%. The document provides details on each step of processing flax fiber into yarn and concludes that flax fiber is one of the strongest natural fibers with a long history of household use.
This document provides information about the manufacturing process for cotton fabric. It discusses how cotton is planted and harvested, then ginning removes the seeds from the cotton fibers. The fibers are then processed through carding and spinning to produce yarns. Yarns are formed into fabrics using weaving or knitting methods. Weaving involves interlacing the warp and weft yarns on a loom to make fabrics like denim, chambray, and sateen. Knitting uses a series of needles to interlock yarn loops into fabrics like those used for underwear. The document concludes with acknowledgments.
The document summarizes different types of specialty yarns including Bobtex, chenille, slub, siro, and core spun yarns. It provides details on the production processes, properties, and end uses of each yarn type. The Bobtex process produces an integrated composite yarn using a core of filaments or multifilaments covered with staple fibers and a polymer layer. Chenille yarn has a fuzzy surface due to short cut pile yarns wrapped around a core. Slub yarn is produced with intentional thicker and thinner sections. Siro spinning combines spinning and twisting in one step to make a two-fold yarn. Core spinning covers a core yarn, typically filament,
The document provides information on the history and processes involved in textile manufacturing. It discusses that textiles originated from weaving fabrics and now refers to fibers, yarns and fabrics. It then summarizes that linen was discovered in Egypt 5000 BC, wool fabrics in Scandinavia and Switzerland centuries ago, cotton in India since 3000 BC and silk in China since 1000 BC. The document proceeds to describe the various steps involved in processing different natural fibers like cotton, wool, flax and jute into yarns and fabrics. This includes cultivation, preparatory processes, spinning, weaving, knitting, finishing and dyeing. It highlights that cotton remains the most widely used natural fiber.
The document summarizes the key steps in yarn production from blow room to post-spinning processes. In the blow room, opening, cleaning, and blending operations prepare fiber tufts for carding. Carding further individualizes and aligns fibers to form slivers. Draw frames improve material evenness and parallelize fibers. Combing removes short fibers and impurities. Roving frames draft and twist slivers to form rovings. Ring and rotor spinning systems draft, twist, and wind rovings into yarns. Post-spinning processes include winding yarns onto larger packages and plying to improve smoothness. The document outlines objectives and components of each major process step in yarn manufacturing
This document discusses different types of knitted pile fabrics including fleece, terry, velour, and high pile fabrics. It provides details on their construction methods. Fleece fabrics are made using one, two, or three thread techniques to knit a backing yarn and floated yarn. Terry and velour fabrics use a plating technique with two yarns, one forming loops on each face. High pile fabrics use a carding device to insert fibers through latch needles along with ground yarn. Various circular knitting machines and techniques are used to construct these fabrics for applications like apparel, rugs, and more.
The document discusses the process of cotton yarn spinning from start to finish. It begins with the cotton fiber growing in bolls on the cotton plant. The fibers then undergo various cleaning and preparation processes. The main steps of yarn spinning involve blowroom preparation, carding, drawing, combing (optional), roving, ring spinning, and cone winding. Each step performs important functions like opening, cleaning, drafting, twisting, and winding the fibers into yarns of increasing fineness and uniformity ready for further textile manufacturing. Ring spinning is described as the most common method and produces strong, fine yarns suitable for many applications.
The document provides information about various types of man-made and staple fibres as well as processes involved in yarn manufacturing from raw cotton to finished yarn. It discusses blowroom, carding, drawing, combing and roving processes that process raw cotton into roving. It then describes the ring spinning process which drafts, twists and winds the roving into yarn. The key objectives of each process are to clean, parallelize, and attenuate the fibres to produce a uniform input for the next stage until a finished yarn is obtained.
The document discusses the key processes involved in yarn production, including:
1. Spinning preparatory processes like bale opening, cleaning, and mixing of fibers.
2. Carding to separate and align fibers into slivers.
3. Drawing to further mix and homogenize slivers.
4. Optional combing to remove short fibers for finer yarns.
5. Main spinning systems like ring spinning and open-end spinning to draft and twist fibers into yarn.
6. Winding yarn into packages for further processing or use in textiles.
The document provides information on various processes involved in yarn production including carded yarn production, combed yarn production, rotor yarn production, and jute yarn manufacturing. It includes flow charts showing the input, process, machine, and output for each type of yarn production. It also describes processes like bale management, mixing, blending, ginning, blowroom, carding, draw frame, and jute processing steps.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
3. Ginning
A cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily
separates cotton fibers from their seeds and
dust particles. Perfect ginning operation
effected without the slightest injury to either
seeds or to the fiber.
It uses a combination of a wire screen and small
wire hooks to pull the cotton through the
screen, while brushes continuously remove the
loose cotton lint to prevent jams.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 3
5. The seed cotton arrives at the gin in round bales or
modules.
• The first step in the ginning process is where the cotton
is vacuumed into tubes(module feeder) that carry it to
a dryer. Cotton must be ginned with a moisture level of
5%. The cotton is dried out if it is too wet or water is
added if it is too dry to ensure the correct moisture
level.
• Next, the cotton goes through several stages of
cleaning equipment to remove leaf trash, sticks, dirt
and other foreign matter.
• After cleaning, the cotton is then ready for separation
in the gin stand. The gin stand removes the seed from
the lint. Most cotton is ginned with saw gins where fast
moving circular saws grip the fibers and pull them
through narrow slots.
Cotton Ginning Process
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6. • The raw fiber, now called lint, has any
remaining trash removed and makes its way
through another series of pipes to a
press where it is squashed into bales under
very high pressure. Each bale weighs 227kg.
• Samples are taken from each bale for classing
and the bales are wrapped in stretchy white
cotton fabric to protect the lint.
• They are now ready for transport to one of the
ports for shipping into overseas markets.
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7. Objects of Ginning:
1. To removes the fiber from the seed.
2. To remove the neps and wastage in some
extents.
3. To collect the seed and seedless cotton fiber
separately.
4. To separate the cotton fiber from the root
position of the seeds.
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8. Types of Ginning
1) Knife Roller Gin / Roller Gin for Indian and Pakistani cotton
I.Double roller ginning,
II.single roller ginning
III.Rotobar rotary Knife roller ginning
2) Saw Gin for American, West African, Pakistani cotton
3) Macarthy Gin for Long staple Egypt cotton
Faults of Ginning:
Fiber are broken at the middle position so that it
becomes shorter in length.
Crush seed remain with the cotton.
Neps are formed in cotton.
Remaining excessive trash in the cotton.
Remaining fibres with seed.Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 8
9. Factors to be considered for fiber during processing:
Main Factors
Length
Fineness
Maturity
Uniformity
Trash Content
Other Properties
Pliability
Cohesiveness
Tensile Strength
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 9
10. saw gin
A cotton gin in which the lint is drawn by the
teeth of revolving circular saws through a
grating of vertical ribs too closely spaced for the
seeds to pass with the lint being removed from
the saw teeth by rotating brushes or a blast or
air.
Diagrammatic presentation of a saw gin stand.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 10
12. • This process is used for American cotton, b/c
is the types of cotton in which the seeds are
not easily separated from the seeds.
• Hence to separate the cotton from the seeds it
requires a heavier beating. In this process,
heavier beating is given by the rapidly
revolving saws on the cotton seeds. The seed
cotton is fed to the feed lattice which brings
the seed cotton to the spiked roller.
• The spiked roller loosens the cotton and
passes it to the hopper region.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 12
13. • In the hopper region, the seed cotton come in
contact with the saw roller which is continuously
revolving.
• As the saws are revolving continuously the teeth
of the saw gin carries the fibres forward but here
it is impossible to the seeds to follow and only
the cotton fibres pass which is being separated by
the heavier beating of rapidly revolving saws on
the seed cotton.
• The waste that includes the empty seed husks
and other broken seeds are being collected in the
grid bar. The fibres are drawn through the trunk
passage by using air current from the cage and on
further reaching the revolving cage are brought
under the pressure roller where it is delivered as
a sheet from where it is taken to the baling press.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 13
14. Adjustments And Precautions
1) The bar near the saw roller could be adjusted
according to the feed received.
2) The plate near the drum could be adjusted to
prevents the seeds falling away until cleaned
thoroughly.
3) An air current from the cage should be
optimum that should suck only the fibres
because if the air current is high then it will
suck the seeds also along with the fibres and
if it is low then even the cotton fibres won’t
be sucked and the fibre under the brush
roller causes to block the machine.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 14
17. • This roller is used to process Indian cotton as Indian
cotton are coarser and medium. The Indian cotton is
not separated by the seeds easily. Through heavy and
continuous beating only the cotton would be separated
from the seeds.
• Heavier beating is achieved here by giving heavier
beating of the rapidly revolving knives of the roller on
the seed cotton. The construction of this roller consists
of two leather rollers on either side of a knife roller.
• On either side of the knife roller doctor’s knife is
placed. The auxiliary roller is placed on top of the knife
roller which breaks the large cluster of the cotton seed
and also provides a constant supply of the cotton to
the knife roller.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 17
18. • Knife roller is arranged in such a way that
anything comes between it and contact it then
it is given a to and fro motion and striking
action is being performed.The seed cotton is
carried out to the knife roller until it comes to
contact with the leather roller.
• The leather roller has a very rough surface
because of the spirally formed saw cuts. The
cotton fibres that come to the leather roller
adhere or stick to it and are carried round past
the knife. In this only the cotton passes and it
is impossible to the seeds to follow.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 18
19. • Thus the seeds will remain at the point of
contact of the doctor knife and the knife roller.
Due to the combined action of to and fro
movement, repeated quickly and because of
striking and pressure the seeds are separated
from the fibres and the seeds fall down and
are collected in the grid bar. The separated
cotton are further stripped by the means of
stripping roller.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 19
20. Adjustments And Precautions
1) Care should be taken as the seeds could not go through
the dish rail and the knife roller. A small carelessness
could cause a heavy damage here by crushing a lot of
seeds.
2) According to the tenacity through which the fibres
adhere to the surface and with the help of screw the
degree of pressure of doctor’s knife over the leather
roller could be varied and adjusted.
3) The settings should be somewhat far because if the
settings are closer the seeds would be broken. The
settings should be at an optimum distance because a
large distance big and large seeds would not be acted
upon doctor’s knives and the machine could be
damaged by blocking itself.
4) The fibres are being protected as the sharp edges of the
doctor’s knife do not cut the fibres.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 20
21. Bale store
• Is a room in which the cotton yarn delivered
from ginning is stored until it transported to
the first machine of blow room that is called
Uniflock.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 21
23. Introduction to Blowroom
• Blow room is the first step of yarn production
in spinning mills. A section in which
compressed bales are opened, cleaned and
blending or mixing to form uniforms lap of
specific length is called Blow room section.
The cleaning efficiency of blow room is 40 to
70%. This is the first section of spinning line
for spinning of cotton yarn.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 23
24. Functions of blow room
1. Opening the compressed bales of fiber and
making the cotton tuft a small size as far as
possible.
2. Detecting the metal objects and fire in fiber
3. Cleaning the fiber by removing the dust, dirt,
broken seeds etc. and other foreign materials from
the fibers.
4. Mixing and blending of different classes or grades
of fibers
5. Removing foreign fibers and plastic
contaminations
6. Uniform feeding to the next stage.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 24
25. Machine used in Blowroom
Unifloc
Magnetic
metal detector
Uniclean
Color detector Unistore Unimix
Chute feeder
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 25
26. Basic Parameters to be Considered in
Blowroom
• No. of opening machine
• Types of beater
• Beater speed
• Production rate of individual machine
• Fiber micronaire
• Size of the flocks in the feed
• Type of grid and grid setting
• Position of the machine in the sequence
• Amount of trash in the material
• Temperature and relative humidity in the blow room
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 26
27. Principle of Opening and Cleaning
• Opening: Opening is the first operation in the
blow room carried out to the stage of Flocks. ln
the-blow room and to the stage of individual
fibers in the cards.
In the stages of the opening, machines with an
opening function have the task of separating
clumps of fiber into smaller ones. The sizes of the
clumps, and of the teeth that deal with them, are
progressively reduced. In general terms, grasping
clumps of fibers with sets of teeth and dragging
the clumps across another set of teeth or grids
perform the opening function.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 27
28. • Cleaning: With cotton, there are often seed
coat fragments attached to them. It is difficult
to remove some of the extraneous matter
without vigorous mechanical action and
without adequate opening. Every time a
clump of fibers is divided, a new surface is
exposed from which it is relatively easy to
remove the loose unwanted matter (trash).
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 28
29. Working Principle of
Unifloc/BDT/Automatic Bale Opener
• In this zone, basic function is to open the fiber from the
bale where fibers are at very compressed and disoriented
state. The opening device has to penetrate into the bale
and pick up the tuft of fiber during releasing from different
bales simultaneously. The size of fiber package is converted
from 200 kg to 10 gm/tuft in this zone. The machine moves
to cover maximum bales. Generally, roller with toothed disc
is used for opening device. No beating action but picking is
performed here.
• As shown in figure, rotating opening rollers fitted with
toothed discs are made to traverse a line of preassembled
cotton bales, the toothed discs plucking tufts from each
bale as they move from bale to bale. The toothed discs give
a gentle opening to prevent or minimize the fiber breakage
while producing smaller tuft sizes at higher production
rates than the mixing bale opener.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 29
30. A further feature of the A 12 is the innovative bale scanning. The
take-off unit determines the different heights of the bales by
means of scanning force measurement and quickly equals them
out. Through this uniform take-off, the machine achieves its
highest possible production rate in the shortest time.
Inside the take-off unit, there is a roller with numerous teeth
which gently opens the bales into very small tufts. This is the basis
for effective cleaning and dedusting in the subsequent blowroom
process. A remarkable feature is that the A 12 is extremely
efficient, even with these very small tufts. In the A 12, motors and
servo-units of the latest technology are used and this also enables
the UNIfloc to recover energy during production. The brake
power which is generated during reversal of the take-off roller is
fed back into the electricity grid. (GK)
RIETER A 12 UNIFLOC AUTOMATIC BALE OPENER
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 30
31. The UNIfloc is designed for an output of up to
1 200 kg/h (card sliver). Depending on the
selected machine length, the bale laydown
covers a length of 7.2 to 47.2 meters. Work-
intensive manual equalizing of the bale height
is no longer required thanks to automatic bale
profiling.
Bale opening into microtufts provides the basis
for the effective cleaning and dust extraction
by the subsequent machines.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 31
33. Material take-off roller drive
Material take-
off(double patented
teeth) roller
Personal safety sensors
Up and down movement spindle drive
wayofopenedmaterial
totake-offroller
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 33
35. Working Principle of Metal & fire
detector/ SP-EM
• The electronic Metal Separator SP-EM helps to
protect the cleaners and cards from metal
parts at the interface between bale work-off
and mixers/cleaners. Since, in the process, the
material transport is performed by the
downstream machine, it is free of exhaust air
and requires no filter capacity. In order to
reduce fire damage, the machine is equipped
with sensors. They are connected to the
installation control.
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38. • It is a coarse cleaning machine. The small tufts
of uniflock machine are fed in this machine.
• There are opening roller consists with many
spikes helps to opening the tuft of fiber and
with combination of grid bar fiber is cleaned
here. Trash, dust and foreign material of
cotton fiber are separated by this machine.
• Cleaning is performed without nipping and is
therefore very gentle to the fibers and at the
same time efficient. This ensures a high level
of raw material utilization. The output of the
machine is up to 1200 kg/h to be achieved.
Prepared by:- Natinael Kokeb 38