The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Sterilization Validation for Medical DevicesDocKetchum
Every medical device produced must be sterilized before being shipped to hospitals, doctors’ offices, and other medical locations.
Random samples of these devices must then be tested to be sure the sterilization kills disease causing microbes including bacteria, fungus, and spores in every device.
These are some of the most common ways that sterilization validation is performed.
Validation may be defined as
“ Establishing documented evidence which provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its pre-determined specifications and quality attributes.”
Dry Heat
Moist Heat
Gas (Ethylene oxide)
Radiation (Gamma or Electron)
Filtration
Others - UV, Steam and formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a flag bearer of excellence in Pharmaceutical education and research in the country. Here is another initiative to make study material available to everyone worldwide. Based on the new PCI guidelines and syllabus here we have a presentation dealing with "Aseptic requirements for parenteral products".
Thank you for reading.
Hope it was of help to you.
UIPS,PU team
Bioindicators are organisms, such as lichens,birds and bacteria, that are used to monitor the health of the environment. The organisms and organism associations are monitored for changes that may indicate a problem within their ecosystem. The changes can be chemical, physiological or behavioural. Bioindicators are relevant for Ecological health
Sterilization Validation for Medical DevicesDocKetchum
Every medical device produced must be sterilized before being shipped to hospitals, doctors’ offices, and other medical locations.
Random samples of these devices must then be tested to be sure the sterilization kills disease causing microbes including bacteria, fungus, and spores in every device.
These are some of the most common ways that sterilization validation is performed.
Validation may be defined as
“ Establishing documented evidence which provides a high degree of assurance that a specific process will consistently produce a product meeting its pre-determined specifications and quality attributes.”
Dry Heat
Moist Heat
Gas (Ethylene oxide)
Radiation (Gamma or Electron)
Filtration
Others - UV, Steam and formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide
University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences is a flag bearer of excellence in Pharmaceutical education and research in the country. Here is another initiative to make study material available to everyone worldwide. Based on the new PCI guidelines and syllabus here we have a presentation dealing with "Aseptic requirements for parenteral products".
Thank you for reading.
Hope it was of help to you.
UIPS,PU team
Bioindicators are organisms, such as lichens,birds and bacteria, that are used to monitor the health of the environment. The organisms and organism associations are monitored for changes that may indicate a problem within their ecosystem. The changes can be chemical, physiological or behavioural. Bioindicators are relevant for Ecological health
5.1.3. Efficacy of antimicrobial preservation (EP 5.0)Guide_Consulting
Salah Satu Referensi Yang Digunakan Dalam One Day Seminar "Preservative Effectiveness Validation" 04 Desember 2014.
Detail : info@traininglaboratorium.com
presentation for students in medical school: general principles of the most important sterilisation methods applicable in microbiology labs and in healthcare facilities
Evaluation of various /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental a...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Quality control during processing and storageJuhiMishra16
describes about microbiological quality criteria and about indicator organisms and their isolation. lays emphasis on GMP and HACCP AND ITS PRINCIPLES. also describes about risk analysis
Decon7 Crushes Glutex in Study (Salmonella on Wood and Concrete Carriers)Casey Latto
Lab test results for Decon7 vs Glutex...
Average reduction on WOOD carriers after TEN minutes:
Decon7 1:1 - 5.07 log reduction (99.9991% kill rate)
Glutex 1:256 - 0.30 log reduction (50.13% kill rate)
Average reduction on CONCRETE carriers after TEN minutes:
Decon7 1:1 - 7.82 log reduction (99.999998% kill rate)
Glutex 1:256 - 7.82 log reduction (99.999998% kill rate)
Re-entry time after fogging Decon7 is 8 hours... Glutex is 72 hours.
D7 is nontoxic, nonhazardous, and nonflammable!
Evaluation of Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic (Disinfectant). PHARMACEUTICAL ...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (BP303T)Unit-III Part-5 Evaluation of Bactericidal and Bacteriostatic (Disinfectant). The common methods used for evaluation of a disinfectant are as follows,
Tube Dilution Method.
Agar Plate Method.
Filter Paper & Cup Plate Method.
Ditch-Plate Method.
Phenol Coefficient Method.
The official phenol coefficient tests include,
Rideal-Walker Test (RW Test).
Chick-Martin Test.
United States FDA Test for Phenol Coefficient. (FDA Test)
The US Association of Official Agricultural Chemists Test (FDA Test)
A. Rideal-Walker Test:
Kelsey Sykes Method
Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)
History
Reason behind GLP created
Advantages and disadvantages of GLP
Objectives of GLP
Practice of GLP
b pharma 6th sem
pharmaceutical quality assurance
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. INTRODUCTION:
• A recent study found that orthodontists have the highest
incidence of hepatitis B among dental professionals.
• Saliva is about half as infectious as blood.
• So, sterilization monitoring improves the assurance that
the instruments have been adequately sterilized.
• Biological monitoring fulfills the valid requirements for
sterilization procedures given by national health
authorities and it is reliable, convenient , and self
contained and should be routinely used in dental office.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. • A number of studies
have been conducted
to determine the
efficacy of the
Biological Indicators
and to determine
sterilization efficacy in
different dental offices.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. STUDIES:
1.
The ability of Biological Indicators to detect sterilization
failure. J.Dent.Res.(1990).
2.
Evaluation of Biological Monitors in Harvey
Chemiclave.J.Dent Res.(1980)
3.
Effectiveness of Dental Office instrument sterlization
procedures.JADA (1991).
4.
Proper monitoring of sterilization procedures used in oral
surgery.Int j. of oral Surg.(1983).
5.
Characterization of a rapid Biological Indicator
utilizing B.Stearothermophilus spore associated
www.indiandentalacademy.com
alpha glucosidase enzyme.J of App. Micro(1998).
5. The Ability Of Biological Indicators To
Detect Sterilization
Failure:C.H.Miller,M.A.Sheldrake(1990)
• AIM OF THE STUDY:
To compare immediate and delayed
incubation on the ability of BI’s to
detect sterilization failure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. METHOD:
• The BI’s were exposed to previously determined
sublethal condition in steam or chemical vapour
sterilizer.
• Portion of each brand were incubated (56 0C for 7
Days) immediately, after storage at 270C for 7
days, and in one case after mailing (3-day delay)
to the laboratory.
• Non exposed control BI’s were used and all
showed growth after immediate and delayed
incubation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. RESULT:
•
Eighteen of 18 strips,60 of 60 strips and 26 of 26 strips yielded
growth of B. Stearothermophilus after immediate, 7-day delay and 3
day mailing delayed incubation.
•
Three brands of BI strips and one brand each of BI vented vial and
glass ampule were used in chemical vapour sterlizer.
•
After sublethal exposure for 1,1,1,3 and 7 min,respectively,at 271 0F
all 20 of each BI showed growth of B.Stearothermophilus after
immediate incubation.
•
All 20 of two strip brands and of ampule showed growth after 7-day
delay in incubation.
DISCUSSION:
•
These result show that appropriate BI’s can detect sterilization failure
after immediate and delayed incubation.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. Evaluation of Biological Spore Monitors
in Harvey Chemiclave:B.Matis et al.
(1980)
AIM OF THE STUDY:
•
•
To determine permeability of protective covering of
BI’s in chemical vapor sterilization.
To determine how much sterilization bags limits vapor
penetration.
METHOD:
•
•
Monitors were enclosed in polypropylene vials with
filter paper caps and glassine paper.
Sterilizer bags were sealed and placed inside one of
another with innermost bag containing side by side
www.indiandentalacademy.com
BI’s.
9. RESULT
• There was decrease in permeability of 67% with filter
paper covered containers & 90% with glassine covered
containers compared to controls.
• BI’s inside the filter paper-covered containers were
negative for growth up to eight layers and glassineenclosed up to four layers of sterilizer bags, after
completion of normal 20-min cycle.
DISCUSSION
• It is recommended that the user of chemical vapor
sterilizers should avoid layering packages of
instruments.
• Where it is necessary, the time of cycle must be
adjusted.
• Filter-paper covered spore strips are the most accurate
www.indiandentalacademy.com
and time efficient monitors of sterilization.
10. EFFECTIVENESS OF DENTAL
OFFICE INSTRUMENT
STERILIZATION PROCEDURES :
Richard J. Hastreiter(1991)
AIM: This study evaluates the effectiveness of
dental instrument sterilization procedures in
Minnesota dental offices.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. METHOD
• A random sample of 900 dentists was selected from 2,808
dentists in active practice. The sample size was chosen to
provide a sufficient response rate to test 400 dental office
sterilizers.
• Each selected dentist was assigned an identification
number and sent a study participation form. The form
contained: the dentist’s printed name, address and
telephone number; space for entering the results of the
microbiological culturing of up to three BI series; and
questions regarding dental office instrument sterilization
methods and use of BI’s to monitor sterilization
performance.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
12. •
Study participation forms were returned by 55 percent (497/900) of
sampled dentists.
•
Each of these dentists was mailed the first BI test series which
contained sterilization testing procedure instructions and an
addressed return mailing envelope containing four BIs. Each BI
consisted of a spore strip enclosed in a glassine envelope
containing both B. stearothermophilus and B. subtilis spores.
•
Three of the four spore strips in each BI series served as test BIs
that were each run through a different sterilizer cycle with a
moderate to heavy load of dental instruments. Specific instructions
were given to operate the sterilizer in a manner normally used by
the office and to place each BI in the most difficult area of the
chamber to sterilize, such as in the center of a load of bagged or
wrapped instruments. Dentists were requested to provide
information about sterilizer operating conditions for each tested
sterilizer cycle (for example, for steam autoclaves the temperature,
pressure and time of the cycle).
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. • The fourth spore strip in a BI series served as a
study control BI that was used to determine the
effect of mail transit, handling and storage on
the viability of BI spores. The control BI was not
processed through a sterilizer cycle but was
returned with the other three test BIs for
culturing.
• On receipt, each BI was placed in sterile Amsco
spordi culture medium and incubated for seven
days at 560 C for B. stearothermophilus and for
seven days at 370 C for B. subtilis.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. • Dentists whose three test BIs cultured negative (indicating
adequate sterilization) and whose control BI cultured positive
(indicating no lethal damage to spores as a result of mail
transit, storage or handling) were not sent any additional BIs.
• If a control BI cultured negative (indicating lethal damage to
spores as a result of mail transit, storage or handling), the
dentist was sent another BI series of three test and one
control BIs to perform the sterilizer testing procedure again.
• Dentists whose sterilizer produced one or more BIs that
cultured positive (indicating inadequate sterilization) were
called with the finding, counseled on methods of improving
sterilization performance, and sent another BI test series of
three test and one control BIs to perform the sterilizer testing
procedure for a second time.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. RESULT
• In the first BI series, 18 percent (74/406) of all sterilizers
failed, 24 percent (18/74) failed the second BI series and
18 percent (3/17) failed the third BI series.
• Sterilizer specific failure rates for the first BI series were:
steam autoclaves, 16 percent; chemical vapor sterilizers,
16 percent; dry heat ovens, 43 percent; and ethylene
oxide sterilizers, no failures.
•
Dry heat ovens failed to
sterilize significantly more
often than steam autoclaves
or chemical vapor sterilizers.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
16. • There was no significant difference in
sterilization failure rates among steam
autoclaves, chemical vapor sterilizers and dry
heat ovens with either the second or third BI
series.
• After the third BI series, only three of the
original 406 sterilizers had failed to kill the
spores in all three test BIs in a single BI
series.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. CAUSE
• 87 percent of sterilization failures were the
result of operator error.
• The balance of failures was primarily caused
by faulty equipment maintenance, resulting in
equipment defects such as inadequate
sterilizer door seals.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. Discussion
• Biological indicators are useful in monitoring
sterilization performance only when sterilization
procedures are consistently performed in a
competent manner by well-trained staff using
adequately maintained equipment.
• Four elements are essential to assuring proper
instrument sterilization:
- Quality sterilization equipment and maintenance;
- Correct sterilization equipment operation;
- Comprehensive operator training;
- Use of BIs to monitor the effectiveness of
sterilization procedures.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. Proper monitoring of sterilization
procedures used in oral surgery:
N.Skaug(1982)
AIM:
• To survey the sterilization procedures used by oral surgeons
and,
• To monitor efficacy of the procedure used by Biological
Indicators.
MATERIAL& METHOD:
• All oral surgeons full or part-time basis in the institution or
private practice were included in Norway.
• Steam autoclaves were tested twice using 4 BI’s units for
each sterilization cycle.
• Dry heat sterilizer and gas autoclaves were tested once with 6
BI’s units.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. • The system includes the Attest No. 1242 BI’s containing
spores of B.stearothermophilus & Attest Biological
Incubator for steam sterilizer
• For dry heat sterilizer and gas autoclaves B.Subtilis
spores were used.
• BI’s were placed at different locations inside the sterilizer
containing instruments.
• Immediately after sterilization, the indicators were send
by mail to laboratory.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. RESULTS
•
•
•
•
35 of the 36 oral surgeons responded.
22 steam autoclaves and 4 dry heat sterilizer were tested.
In 17 of the 22 steam autoclaves BI’s were killed.
Where inadequate sterilization occurred, more BI’s
survived the sterilization cycle in a medium load than in
heavy load of instruments.
• In one autoclave BI unit got deformed
due to excessive heat.
• 2 out of 4 dry-heat sterilizer inactivated
all spores.
• B.Subtilis spores survived in gas sterilization.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. DISCUSSION
• 5 out of 22 steam autoclaves and 2 out of 4 dry
heat sterilizer & all of gas sterilizer tested did not
kill the spores, and therefore did not fulfill the
standards of sterilization procedures.
• The standards states that probability of having
an inadequate sterilization result should not be
greater than 10-6 .This means that sterilization
procedure will be acceptable if 1 out of 10 6
sterilization procedure performed is inadequate
or if 1 out of 106 objects sterilized is not sterile.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
23. BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS FOR STEAM
STERILIZATION: CHARACTERIZATION
OF A RAPID BIOLOGICAL INDICATOR
UTILIZING B. STEAROTHERMOPHILUS
SPORE-ASSOCIATED ALPHAGLUCOSIDASE ENZYME :
H.ALBERT ET AL.(1998)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. GENERATIONS OF BI’s:
• The original format of biological indicators was
inoculated paper strips inside envelopes, which were
transferred to sterile culture medium following
processing, and incubated for 7 d . Sterilization failure
was measured by turbidity of the growth medium.
• Second generation biological indicators are selfcontained systems which comprise the spore strip and
growth medium required for recovery in a primary pack
ready for use. These biological indicators rely on a pH
indicator to measure production of acid metabolites in
the growth medium by outgrowing spores and replicating
cells.
These systems remove the problem of contamination
during manipulation encountered with the first generation
indicators, but 24-168 h readout time is still required for
detection of surviving spores .
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. •
Recently, the third generation biological indicator, Attest TM 1291
Rapid Readout Biological Indicator , was developed for use in
132 °C flash sterilization in view of the need for rapid results in
emergency sterilization procedures used in the operating room.
These third generation biological indicators have a dual
readout system. The rapid portion detects active sporeassociated alpha glucosidase enzyme surviving the
sterilization process within 1-3 h.
It is consistently detectable in viable spores but is destroyed by
steam sterilization just after spore kill. The survival of the sporeassociated alpha-glucosidase enzyme following exposure to steam
sterilization correlates well with spore survival.
The second readout system comprises a pH indicator which
detects acid metabolites produced by outgrowing spores and
replicating cells, and gives confirmation of the rapid result
within 24-168 h.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. AIM:
This study was undertaken to characterize the alpha-glucosidase enzyme
utilized as a rapid monitor of sterilization.
MATERIALS & METHODS:
• Bacterial strains and growth conditions:
Bacillus stearothermophilus was provided as spore strips by 3M, St Paul,
MN, USA, derived from ATCC 7953 culture.
For culture maintenance, a spore strip was grown in soy broth overnight in
a shaking incubator. This stock vegetative cell culture was stored in 1 ml
aliquots in liquid nitrogen. For the primary inoculum, 1 ml of the stock
vegetative cell culture was used.
• Preparation of crude spore extract:
A culture medium was prepared to extract spores which was stored at 40C.
• Alpha-glucosidase assay:
Alpha-glucosidase was determined by spectrophotometric measurement
and fluorimetric detection.
• Properties of the alpha-glucosidase:
1. Molecular weight was determined.
2. The effect of pH on alpha -glucosidase activity was determined.
3. The effect of temperature on alpha -glucosidase activity was determined.
• Electron microscopy :
Ultra thin sections werewww.indiandentalacademy.com
prepared to see the spores in electron
microscope.
27. RESULT
• The optimum pH for enzyme stability was approximately 7·35.
The activity of the enzyme increased rapidly from 20 °C,
reaching an optimum activity at approximately 63 °C in the crude
extracts The alpha-glucosidase activity dropped sharply at
temperatures between 63 °C and 77 °C. The alpha-glucosidase
was stable up to approximately 65 °C, above which its stability
rapidly decreased .
• This high thermo stability of the enzyme in liquid extract reflects
the expected increase in stability of the enzyme in anhydrous
form, and its use as a monitor of steam sterilization.
• Correlation was found between alpha -glucosidase activity
(measured by fluorescence after 1 h incubation) and 24 h growth
readout of AttestTM 1291 Rapid Readout Biological Indicators
following exposure to 132 °C gravity sterilization.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. DISCUSSION
• The alpha-glucosidase proved to be a
useful predictor of spore survival as it is
consistently present in viable spores and
vegetative cells, and it survives just longer
than the spore following moist heat
sterilization.
• It is the fastest method to determine
sterilization efficacy for high speed pressure
steam sterilizer as the enzyme becomes
fluorescent yellow within 60 minutes as the
spores are killed.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. SUMMARY
•
The advantage of BI monitors over indicators like
bags,strips,tapes with chemical formulation which
changes colour with given temperature is that they
only assure instruments have been exposed to
sterilization cycle ,they do not verify that
sterilization have occurred. BI indicators provide
the only real method of verifying the effectiveness
of sterilization procedure.
•
Four elements are essential to assure proper
instrument sterilization:
Quality sterilization equipment and maintenance;
Correct sterilization equipment operation;
Comprehensive operator training;
Use of BIs to monitor the effectiveness of
sterilization procedures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Thank you
For more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.co
m
www.indiandentalacademy.com