The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Impact of dental implant surface modifications on Osseo-integrationNaveed AnJum
implant macro design as well as the surface topography plays an important role in higher survival rates of implants, especially in poor bone quality or density. Various modifications in surface topography have been enumerated here.
this gives a detailed description for the bone density consideration during implant placement.
The presentation is available upon request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Impact of dental implant surface modifications on Osseo-integrationNaveed AnJum
implant macro design as well as the surface topography plays an important role in higher survival rates of implants, especially in poor bone quality or density. Various modifications in surface topography have been enumerated here.
this gives a detailed description for the bone density consideration during implant placement.
The presentation is available upon request. Mail me at apurvathampi@gmail.com
Growth assessment in Orthodontics.
By using the element of timing of maximum growth in conjunction with the knowledge of magnitude and direction, one can readily transform orthodontics to a profession of face forming as well as tooth positioning. Key to successful orthodontic treatment in growing
patients is the harnessing of growth and unless we know the exact status of growth both in magnitude as well as in direction, treatment planning would be futile.
Bioceramics are materials which include Alumina, Zirconia, Bioactive glass, Glass ceramics, Hydroxyapatite, resorbable Calcium phosphates.
Used in dentistry for
Filling up bony defects
Root repair materials
Apical fill materials
Aids in regeneration etc.
Bioinert: non-interactive with biological systems (Alumina, zirconia)
Bioactive: durable tissues that can undergo interfacial interactions with surrounding tissue (bioactive glasses, bioactive glass ceramics, hydroxyapatite, calcium silicates)
Biodegradable: soluble or resorbable, eventually replaced or incorporated into tissue (Tricalcium phosphate, Bioactive glasses).
Introduction to implant surface modificationsAli Alenezi
Simple introduction of implant surface modifications. in addition, categorizing the levels of modifications and types of techniques used to make roughness on implant surface.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Failures in Fixed Partial Denture
(Prosthodontics FPD- Dental science)
Various types of failures in the fabrication of fixed partial denture
Dr.Sachin Sunny Otta
St.Gregorios Dental College,Kothamangalam,Ernakulam
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Obturation (Materials , Techniques and Properties)Hamza Tahir
this presentation of mine is a brief overview of root canal obturation. It includes types of Obturating materials , their advantages and disadvantages , sealers . It also includes obturating techniques like lateral compaction , warm vertical compaction , thermoplasticized injection technique and carrier technique etc
surface treatments of dental implants, surface conditioning of dental implants
https://youtu.be/aaJ6gpQohcs
https://youtu.be/REMKSUty0cE
https://youtu.be/fv3_tWZPJIU
https://youtu.be/GeZIbCwqKYU
if you want me to make ppt on some topic do let me know on the comment section of my youtube channel
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth assessment in Orthodontics.
By using the element of timing of maximum growth in conjunction with the knowledge of magnitude and direction, one can readily transform orthodontics to a profession of face forming as well as tooth positioning. Key to successful orthodontic treatment in growing
patients is the harnessing of growth and unless we know the exact status of growth both in magnitude as well as in direction, treatment planning would be futile.
Bioceramics are materials which include Alumina, Zirconia, Bioactive glass, Glass ceramics, Hydroxyapatite, resorbable Calcium phosphates.
Used in dentistry for
Filling up bony defects
Root repair materials
Apical fill materials
Aids in regeneration etc.
Bioinert: non-interactive with biological systems (Alumina, zirconia)
Bioactive: durable tissues that can undergo interfacial interactions with surrounding tissue (bioactive glasses, bioactive glass ceramics, hydroxyapatite, calcium silicates)
Biodegradable: soluble or resorbable, eventually replaced or incorporated into tissue (Tricalcium phosphate, Bioactive glasses).
Introduction to implant surface modificationsAli Alenezi
Simple introduction of implant surface modifications. in addition, categorizing the levels of modifications and types of techniques used to make roughness on implant surface.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Failures in Fixed Partial Denture
(Prosthodontics FPD- Dental science)
Various types of failures in the fabrication of fixed partial denture
Dr.Sachin Sunny Otta
St.Gregorios Dental College,Kothamangalam,Ernakulam
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Obturation (Materials , Techniques and Properties)Hamza Tahir
this presentation of mine is a brief overview of root canal obturation. It includes types of Obturating materials , their advantages and disadvantages , sealers . It also includes obturating techniques like lateral compaction , warm vertical compaction , thermoplasticized injection technique and carrier technique etc
surface treatments of dental implants, surface conditioning of dental implants
https://youtu.be/aaJ6gpQohcs
https://youtu.be/REMKSUty0cE
https://youtu.be/fv3_tWZPJIU
https://youtu.be/GeZIbCwqKYU
if you want me to make ppt on some topic do let me know on the comment section of my youtube channel
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
5.Demo on Patients
6. subtitles in your own language
12 months unlimited access and support @350 USD only.
For Demo please visit :www.idalectures.com/preview/
For more details visit: www.idalectures.com
Please contact us for any clarifications:
idalectures@gmail.com
indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Dentalcasting alloys/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Denture base resins / dental implant courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Design consideration in acrylic partial denture/certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Treatment planning of dental implants /orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Post endodontic restoration /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian de...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
Restoration of endodontically treated teethSanket Pandey
Seminar on restoration of endodontically treated tooth.
Credits to Cohen, Ingle, Respected researchers for their research in this field.
and everyone who previously tried to make a good presentation using the research work.
Stainless steel crowns in Pediatric DentistryRajesh Bariker
A crown is a tooth shaped covering which is cemented to the tooth structure & its main function is to protect the tooth structure & retain the function
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
You can complete the whole process in 3-4 months.Salary range for DH/DT is around 2500-3500 Pounds per month.
Eligibility / requirements-
1. An International English Language Testing System (IELTS) certificate
at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry,
Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Denture base and teeth /orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Denture base considerations (2)/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Denture base considerations/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses
1. Dental Tissues and their
Replacements
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
2. Issues
• Dental decay
• Periodontal disease
• Movement of teeth
(orthodontics)
• Restorative treatments
• Thermal expansion
issues related to fillings
• Fatigue and fracture of
teeth and implants
5. Tissue Constituents
• Enamel-hardest substance in body-calcium
phosphate salts-large apatite crystals
• Dentin-composed largely of type-I collagen
fibrils and nanocrystalline apatite mineral-
similar to bone
• Dentinal tubules-radiate from pulp
• Pulp-richly vascularized connnective tissue
• Cementum-coarsely fibrillated bonelike
substance devoid of canaliculi
• Periodontal Membrane-anchors the root into
alveolar bone
6. ENAMEL
• 96%mineral, 1% protein &lipid, remainder is
water (weight %)
• Minerals form Long crystals-hexagonal shape
• Flourine- renders enamel much less soluble
and increases hardness
• HA= Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2
40 nm
1000 nm
in length
7. DENTIN
• Type-I collagen fibrils and nanocrystalline apatite
• Dentinal tubules from dentin-enamel and
cementum-enamel junctions to pulp
• Channels are paths for odontoblasts (dentin-
forming cells) during the process of dentin
formation
• Mineralized collagen fibrils (50-100 nm in
diameter) are arranged orthogonal to the tubules
• Inter-tubular dentin matrix with nanocrystalline
hydroxyapatite mineral- planar structure
• Highly oriented microstructure causes anisotropy
• Hollow tubules responsible for high toughness
11. Materials used in dental
applications
• Fillings: amalgams, acrylic resins
• Titanium: Ti6Al4V dominates in root implants
and fracture fixation
• Teeth: Porcelain, resins, ceramics
• Braces: Stainless steel, Nitinol
• Cements/resins: acrylate based polymers
• Bridges: Resin, composite, metal (Au, CoCr)
12. Motivation to replace teeth
• Prevent loss in root support and chewing
efficiency
• Prevent bone resorption
• Maintain healthy teeth
• Cosmetic
13. Amalgams/Fillings
• An amalgam is an alloy in which one
component is mercury (Hg)
• Hg is liquid at RT- reacts with silver and tin-
forms plastic mass that sets with time
– Takes 24 hours for full set (30 min for initial set).
15. Volume Changes and Forces in Fillings
• Consider a 2mm diameter hole which is 4mm in length in a
molar tooth, with thermal variation of ∆T = 50C
∀ αamalgam= 25x10-6
/C αresin= 81x10-6
/C αenamel =
8.3 x10-6
/C
• E amalgam = 20 GPa E resin = 2.5 GPa
• ∆V = Vo x 3α x ∆T
• ∆Vamalgam= π (1mm) 2
x 4mm x 3 (25-8.3) x10-6
x 50
= 0.03 mm3
∆Vresin = 0.14 mm3
• (1-d) F = E x ∆ε x Afilling
F = E (∆T ) ∆(αamalgam/resin -αenamel ) x π/4D2
• F amalgam = 52 N ; S = F/Ashear=2.1 MPa
• F resin = 29 N ; S = 1.15 MPa
• Although the resin “expands” 4x greater than the amalgam,
16. Volume Changes and Forces in Fillings
(cont.)
• F amalgam = 52 N ; S = F/Ashear=2.1 MPa
• F resin = 29 N ; S = 1.15 MPa
• Recall that tensile strength of enamel and dentin
are
– σf,dentin=35 MPa (worst case)
– σf,enamel=7 MPa (distribution)
• From Mohr’s circle, max. principal stress =S
• ->SF=3.5! (What is SF for 3mm diameter?)
• -> Is the change to resin based fillings advisable? What
are the trade-offs?
• -> We haven’t considered the hoop effect, is it likely to
make this worse?
• -> If KIc=1 MPa*m1/2
, is fracture likely?
17. Environment for implants
• Chewing force can be up to 900 N
– Cyclic loading Large temperature differences (50 C)
• Large pH differences (saliva, foods)
• Large variety of chemical compositions from
food
• Crevices (natural and artificial) likely sites for
stress corrosion
18. Structural Requirements
• Fatigue resistance
• Fracture resistance
• Wear resistance**
• Corrosion resistance**
– While many dental fixtures are not “inside” the body,
the environment (loading, pH) is quite severe
19. Titanium implants
• Titanium is the most successful
implant/fixation material
• Good bone in-growth
• Stability
• Biocompatibility
20. Titanium Implants
• Implanted into jawbone
• Ti6Al4V is dominant implant
• Surface treatments/ion
implantation improve fretting
resistance
• “Osseointegration” was coined
by Brånemark, a periodontic
professor/surgeon
• First Ti integrating implants
were dental (1962-1965)
22. Fatigue
• Fatigue is a concern for human teeth (~1 million
cycles annually, typical stresses of 5-20 MPa)
• The critical crack sizes for typical masticatory
stresses (20 MPa) of the order of 1.9 meters.
• For the Total Life Approach, stresses (even after
accounting for stress “concentrations”) well below
the fatigue limit (~600 MPa)
• For the Defect Tolerant Approach, the Paris equation
of da/dN (m/cycle) = 1x10-11
(DK)3.9
used for lifetime
prediction.
• Crack sizes at threshold are ~1.5 mm (detectable).
24. 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 0 . 1 0 0 0
I N I T I A L C R A C K L E N G T H ( m )
PREDICTEDFATIGUELIFETIME(cycles)
0 . 0 1 0 . 1 0 1 . 0 0
I N I T I A L C R A C K L E N G T H ( i n c h e s )
0
1
1 0
1 0 0
1 0 0 0
YEARSOFUSE
T i - 6 A l - 2 S n - 4 Z r - 6 M o
M a x . S t r e s s = 2 0 M P a
0.110
5
10
6
10
7
10
8
10
9
25. Structural failures
• Stress (Corrosion) Cracking
• Fretting (and corrosion)
• Low wear resistance on surface
• Loosening
• Third Body Wear
26.
27. • Internal taper for easy “fitting”
• Careful design to avoid stress
concentrations
• Smooth external finish on the
healing cap and abutment
• Healing cap to assist in easy
removal
Design Issues
28. Surgical Process for Implantation
• Drill a hole with reamer
appropriate to dimensions
of the selected implant at
location of extraction site
38. Clinical (service) Issues
• The space for the implant
is small, dependent on
patient anatomy/
pathology
• Fixation dependent on
– Surface
– Stress (atrophy)
– Bone/implant geometry
• Simulation shows partial
fixation due to design
Vallaincourt et al., Appl. Biomat. 6 (267-282) 1995
39. Clinical Issues
• Stress is a function of
diameter, or remaining
bone in ridge
• Values for perfect bond
• Areas small
• Fretting
• Bending
40. Clinical Issues
• Full dentures may use
several implants
– Bending of bridge, implants
– Large moments
– Fatigue!
– Complex combined stress
– FEA!
FBD
41. Clinical Issues
Outstanding issues
• Threads or not?
– More surface area, not universal
• Immediately loaded**
• Drilling temperature: necrosis
• Graded stiffness
– Material or geometry
• Outcomes: 80-95% success at 10-15 yrs.*
– Many patient-specific and design-specific
problems
43. Comparison with THR
Compare
• Stress shielding
• Graded stiffness/
integration
• Small bone section
about implant
• Modular Ti design
• Morbidity
Contrast
• Small surface area
• Acidic environment
• Exposure to bacteria
• Multiple implants
• Variable anatomy
• Complicated forces
• Cortical/ trabecular
• Optional
Editor's Notes
Must be able to resist deformation and disperse loads
Fracture Toughness:
high ductility and low modulus allowing for crack blunting.
Ti-6Al-4V has a fracture toughness of roughly 50MPam (11).
This high fracture toughness is excellent for dental applications because of the cyclic loading in the mouth.
Mean loading rate is 100 N/s for a mean masticatory frequency of 70 chews per minute (6).
The elastic match at bone/implant interface is important for physiological stress transfer.
Ti has an elastic modulus of roughly 27 GPa and bone has an elastic modulus of about 15.2 GPa
Fatigue:
high resistance to fatigue crack nucleation because of optimized manufacturing processes
A high density of alpha grains resists crack nucleation, thus, the size of primary alpha can be decreased as far as possible, while also decreasing the beta grain size (BCC) (7).
This high density of grains and small lamellae will prevent cracks from propagating easily through the material because of the obstacles of grain boundaries.
It is important to lower Oxygen content to prevent the alpha case; stiff, brittle case which has high fatigue sensitivity.
Cycles to failure:
the loads are at maximum 900 N, which is much lower than the fatigue limit of 35280 N (assuming 400 mm2 surface area) for 0.085% weight oxygen (Ti-6Al-4V has a max of 0.13% oxygen (7)).
As seen from the figure, the Ti-6Al-4V lasts for 107 cycles at loads of about 2.5e5 N which is 278 times larger than the maximum load in the mouth
Corrosion:
Not very susceptible to stress crack corrosion because the mouth is not a location for strong acids. Ionic strength data for K1scc in Ti was shown for harsh conditions such as ferric acid or 1M HCl which are usually not in the mouth. Very low ionic strength as in the mouth showed little effect on Ti.
But susceptible to Fretting Corrosion which is mechanically assisted corrosion
Ti is known to exhibit material transfer and adhesive wear from the asperities on the opposing contact surfaces, leading to a higher coefficient of friction.
aggravated by the alpha cast which is susceptible to wear
Mechanism by which cracks nucleate. The asperities make break off leading fretting debris, continued corrosion of the fresh surface, and accelerate the crack nucleation stage of fatigue.
Wear:
poor wear resistance because of the oxygen cast (lowered resistance to crack growth); fretting corrosion
If the screw is poorly fitted and there is micromotion, causing rubbing against adjacent bone, much debris of vanadium and aluminum in surrounding tissues is present (11).
Improvement to wear resistance has been attempted by surface treatments, through the introduction of nitrogen to surface layers or ion implantation.
The patient should have come in with a new extraction site where a reamer is used to drill a hole into the subgingival bone that will accommodate the implant.
The first thing that a dentist does is remove all the sterilization-maintaining containers and wrappings and pick out the temporary abutment and implant parts, and lock them together by simply tapping the abutment into the implant socket.
Next you insert the implant with the temporary abutment attached into the hole prepared by the reamer. The implant is made to stay in its place by sutures that close up the flaps of the gums around the temporary abutment. The patient is then sent home for the soft tissue and bone tissue to heal and integrate the implant system.
After about 10 weeks, the patient comes in for another appointment and this is what things looks like after the healing period where you see the temporary abutment protruding above the gumline.
You then remove the temporary abutment from the implant by applying a pulling force with a simultaneous torque.
You then clean out the well of the implant socket and this is what it looks like from below, and notice the round groove of the soft tissue shaped by the head of the temporary abutment.
In the meanwhile, an all-ceramic crown is cooked and shaped onto the permanent abutment and the final result looks like this.
Finally, you insert and tap the permanent implant stem into the well of the implant and…
Presto, this is the final product. You can compare the aesthetic advantage of our system with a nonsubmerged screw system next to our implant. You can see metal at the gumline, whereas you won’t with any of our implants because the crown margin is below the gumline.
And this is just a radiograph of our implant happily in vivo.