The document discusses auditing of microbiology laboratories. It provides definitions of auditing and outlines areas that should be assessed such as laboratory layout, equipment and facilities, documentation practices, and manufacturing processes. Key areas that are important for auditors to evaluate include laboratory organization, sampling procedures, media preparation, equipment maintenance, method validation, documentation, biosafety, and proficiency testing. The role of the microbiology laboratory in auditing sterile product facilities is also described.
Auditing of Granulation Operation in Dry Production AreaPritam Kolge
Auditing of Granulation Operation in Dry Production Area.....
This topic comes under Audits and Regulatory Compliance....
This is useful for M.Pharm (Pharaceutical Quality Assurance) Students who studying in First year sem II....
This Presentation Contain following...
#Objectives
#Fundamentals of Granulation
#Reasons for Granulation
#Methods of Granulation
#Agglomeration
#Fundamentals and Audit of Dry Granulation
#Steps in Dry Granulation
#Fundamentals and Audit of Fluid Bed Granulation
#Scale-Up of Fluid bed Granulation
#High share granulation-Fundamentals, Audit and Scale-Up
#Overview and Comparison of Different Granulating Techniques
#Audit of Mixing and Blending, Wet granulation, Wet milling, Drying, Milling
#Conclusion
#References
Thanks For Help and Guidance of Mr. D.P.Mali Sir
Autoclave
Principle of Autoclave
Construction of Autoclave
Working of Autoclave
Qualification of Autoclave
Installation Qualification
Operational Qualification
Performance Qualification
References
As the audit proceeds, there might arise some situations where the facts indicate there is a failure, either partially or wholly, of the quality management system, such a situation is called nonconformity/ deficiencies”.
Advanced manufacturing is the use of innovative technology to improve products or processes It can be defined as “The rate of technology adaptation and the ability to use that technology to remain competitive and add value to the advanced manufacturing sectors” In advanced aseptic processes, direct contact of the open product with an operator wearing a conventional cleanroom garment is not allowed Isolators effectively provide a seal against the entry of external contaminants using air over-pressure.
Auditing of Granulation Operation in Dry Production AreaPritam Kolge
Auditing of Granulation Operation in Dry Production Area.....
This topic comes under Audits and Regulatory Compliance....
This is useful for M.Pharm (Pharaceutical Quality Assurance) Students who studying in First year sem II....
This Presentation Contain following...
#Objectives
#Fundamentals of Granulation
#Reasons for Granulation
#Methods of Granulation
#Agglomeration
#Fundamentals and Audit of Dry Granulation
#Steps in Dry Granulation
#Fundamentals and Audit of Fluid Bed Granulation
#Scale-Up of Fluid bed Granulation
#High share granulation-Fundamentals, Audit and Scale-Up
#Overview and Comparison of Different Granulating Techniques
#Audit of Mixing and Blending, Wet granulation, Wet milling, Drying, Milling
#Conclusion
#References
Thanks For Help and Guidance of Mr. D.P.Mali Sir
Autoclave
Principle of Autoclave
Construction of Autoclave
Working of Autoclave
Qualification of Autoclave
Installation Qualification
Operational Qualification
Performance Qualification
References
As the audit proceeds, there might arise some situations where the facts indicate there is a failure, either partially or wholly, of the quality management system, such a situation is called nonconformity/ deficiencies”.
Advanced manufacturing is the use of innovative technology to improve products or processes It can be defined as “The rate of technology adaptation and the ability to use that technology to remain competitive and add value to the advanced manufacturing sectors” In advanced aseptic processes, direct contact of the open product with an operator wearing a conventional cleanroom garment is not allowed Isolators effectively provide a seal against the entry of external contaminants using air over-pressure.
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This helps assure that products are manufactured reliably, with adherence to approved specifications, and that current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) are maintained in conformance to regulation, both in the facility in general and the microenvironment of each product ’s manufacturing sequence.
What is IPQC & IPQC Test
Appearance
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pH
Sensitivity test
Spreadability
Rate of absorption
Extrudability
Consistency Test
Rheology & Viscosity
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With automation in place, pharmacies can now spend less on hiring and training employees while also reducing workplace manual errors. Automated systems operate with a better level of regulation and efficacy than people, whether it be when labeling, distributing medication, or performing any other daily task. Automation is the employment of tools and machinery in lieu of people to carry out physical and mental tasks during the production process.
QUALIFICATION OF MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENTSANKUSH JADHAV
it gives the information about qualification of various manufacturing equipment which is used into the pharmaceutical labs. (only for information purpose)
Fda initiative on process analytical technologyVaishaliMundhe1
Process Analytical Technology is used to describe optimal applications of process analytical chemistry tools, feedback process control strategies, information management tools and process / product optimization strategies to the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.
Role of quality systems and audits in pharmaceutical manufacturing environmentMalay Pandya
By regulation, appropriate practice, and common sense, quality assurance (QA) is a critical function in the pharmaceutical manufacturing environment. The need for an independent unit to audit and comment on the appropriate application of standard operating procedures, master batch records, procedures approved in product applications, and the proper functioning of the quality control (QC) unit is paramount.
This helps assure that products are manufactured reliably, with adherence to approved specifications, and that current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) are maintained in conformance to regulation, both in the facility in general and the microenvironment of each product ’s manufacturing sequence.
What is IPQC & IPQC Test
Appearance
Drug content determination
pH
Sensitivity test
Spreadability
Rate of absorption
Extrudability
Consistency Test
Rheology & Viscosity
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PRESENTATION CONTAINS THE INFORMATION ABOUT STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES FOR PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORM PREPARATION FOLLOWED BY PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING COMPANIES.
Quality control measures in pharmaceutical industryChemOnTheGo
QUALITY CONTROL
ROLE OF QUALITY CONTROL IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
OBJECTIVES OF QUALITY CONTROL
STEPS IN QUALITY CONTROL
COST OF QUALITY CONTROL
TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
QUALITY CIRCLE
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It is concerned with both production & quality control.
Product is considered adulterated if GMP is not followed
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Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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2. Index
Definition
Layout
Auditing microbiology laboratory
General documentation
Role of the microbiology laboratory in auditing sterile products manufacturing
facilities
Auditing and manufacturing processes.
General area of interest
Key references
2
3. Definition: Audit
“A service involving an independent review of an organization’s records,
operation and procedure to evaluate for efficiency, effectiveness, compliance
and the existence of adequate internal controls to mitigate risks to the
achievement of the organization’s objectives.”
Objective:
To ensure quality of the product.
To assess effectiveness of QA system.
It permits timely corrections of problems.
It established high degree of confidence
3
6. Auditing microbiology laboratory
Good house keeping:
• Organization and cleanliness of the laboratory.
• Cleaning and disinfection process.
• Data of expiry dates agents.
• Followed GMP
• House keeping practices should be in English as well as
local language
6
7. Sampling and sample receipt:
Storage
Traceability
Batch record
Good practices
For this review ,appropriate questions to ask may include:
• How samples are taken in production?
• What protection afforded?
7
8. Does the microbiology team provides sampling training to
operators to ensure sample are taken aseptically.
Are sample stored until end of date or stored in refrigerator or
passed further?
Have these sampling procedure been appropriately assessed?
Does log book provided for who delivered sample and then
who took it for testing?
8
9. Culture media
It is important for the auditor to assess the laboratory is using
the correct media. This include assessing the components in
making media based on the use of accepted sources or
references for formula, whether the medium is manufactured
in house or purchased from an external supplier.
If media is prepared in house, some appropriate audit points
to consider and questions to ask are:
9
10. • Review the SOPs for media preparation.
• Assess the calibration and daily verification of balances.
• Check the suitability of glassware and washing procedures.
• Assess the sterilization process
• Labelling
• Storage temperature are appropriate
• Is media stored away from sunlight.
• To assess that storage away from sunlight.
10
11. Microbiology laboratory equipment:
Microbiology laboratory equipment needs to be well maintained.
New equipment need to be qualified before use.
URS, DQ, IQ,OQ, PQ
Use should be recorded in log books
To support the operation of equipment, many items require on-going
checks to be performed at frequencies.
Incubators, refrigerator and freezers should be monitored and should
operate within their defined limits.
11
12. Where autoclaves are used, it is important to assess that autoclave cycles
are monitored and records kept of loads processed, test like:
• leak test-not more then 1.3 bar per min.
• empty chamber test heat distribution study
• container mapping
• steam penetration study
• microbial challenge study are performed
It is also important that equipment is frequently cleaned and disinfected
12
13. Method validation and qualification:
Samples assayed against pharmacopeial(official test) methods have been
appropriately verified and that any non-pharmacopeial(non official test)
methods have been verified .
Sample qualification can include:-
Bacterial endotoxin test:
Product can be contaminated during purification, production or packaging
stages, test is used to confirm that the product are not contaminated.
13
14. Water testing
Water samples are tested
Purified water used should be as per WHO norms
Sterility testing:
Auditor assess the technique for samples media test equipment and environment
Antibiotic assay:
Audit should consider the control and preparation of standard as well as sample
API used.
14
15. General documentation:
• The auditor will review the documentation in the microbiology laboratory
from SOPs to results sheets and computerized system.
• Auditor will seek assurance that correct and up to date procedure are
begin used and that testing histories are accurate and complete.
Some examples for auditor to check for on documentation include:
• Date of test
• Material tested
• Batch no. lot no. of material
• Microbiologist names
15
16. • Procedure number and version
• Reagent used and expiry date
• Equipment used
• Incubation conditions
• Date of test reading
• Documented test result
• Acceptance criteria
• Supervisor or management sign off
16
18. Biosafety:
The microbiological laboratory poses risks to laboratory staff and to
visitor.
In terms of risks posed by specific microorganism, the World Health
Organization guidance is:-
Risk group1: Agents not associated with disease in health adult humans.
Risk group 2:Agents associated with human disease that is rarely serious.
Risk group 3: Agents associated with serious or lethal human disease.
Risk group 4: A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal
disease
18
19. Protective measure:
Use of biosafety cabinets
Use of personal protective equipment.
Good waste disposal practices.
19
20. Proficiency testing
• Self –audit can be done by joining proficiency testing scheme
• Determines the performance of individual laboratories.
• Proficiency testing is also called interlaboratory comparison.
• The result reported by each laboratory for measured are compared to
reference value.
• Helps to assess the suitability of test method and the appropriateness of
laboratory workflow
20
21. Role of the microbiology laboratory in auditing
sterile products manufacturing facilities
• Microbiology laboratories have certain equipment (e.g. autoclave,
glassware) should be dedicated and separate from other areas.
• Designed to suit the operation to be carried out in them.
• Should have adequate space.
• Take in account construction material.
• Separate air supply, air handling unit.
• Personnel
21
22. Sample preparation should be segregated.
Laboratories equipment should not be used outside
HEPA filters
Air flow pattern.
Changing room
Microbial environment monitoring of sterility test zone should be
performed during every work session.
22
23. Auditing and manufacturing processes
FACILITIES:
• Clean areas should be clearly separate from toilet, cafeterias.
• Should be suitable size.
• Individual area should be separate.
• Ceiling should be effectively air-sealed.
• Proper designing of doors and windows
23
24. • Sealing should be sealed to prevent contamination.
• Operation of filling& sealing should be controlled, supervised and recorded.
• Sanitary pipes & fitting should be used and threaded pipe connection should
be avoided.
• Air lock should not be opened simultaneously.
• Filtered air supply should be used to maintain positive pressure.
• Warning system should be operated to indicate a failure in air supply.
24
26. A) EQUIPMENT:
Equipment used in manufacturing of sterile product may include:
• Production equipment
• Container/closure
• Support system/material system related equipment.
Aseptic Processing Equipment:
• Determine that all equipment that comes in direct contact with the product are
sterilized
• Equipment that come in direct of product should be sterilized
26
27. Stopper washer
• Quality of water used for washing and associated water sampling /qualification
data.
• The appropriateness of the air supply used in drying operations should also be
verified.
Capping Equipment (vials):
• Vial cap provides the final closure element of a sealed vial.
• Cap on vial protects the stopper from external damage.
• Evaluate preventive maintenance schedules of the capping machine.
• Air supply quality to the capping unit should also be evaluated
27
28. Sterilizers
• Inspection should cover IQ,OQ and PQ.
• The inspection of sterilizers should include a physical examination of
equipment.
• Engineering specification which may described in equipment's DQ
• Sterilizer is maintained calibrated and drained properly. (DQ)
• Record of unplanned maintenance as well as preventive maintenance,
should be reviewed
28
29. Lyophilizer:
• Partially filled vials are used in lyophilisation process, sterile product is
exposed to environment from time of filling until fully sealed.
• The inspection should verify that partially sealed vials are transported & in
Lyophilizer under class 100(ISO 5) protection.
• Validation of sterilization of lyophilisation chamber between uses, current
sterilization controls, leak testing of the chamber, integrity testing of air/
gas filters, and calibration of temp and pressure controllers.
29
30. Restricted access barrier system (RABS):
RABS provides a physical barrier between workers and production area.
30
31. Two types of RABS
1. Closed RABS
2. Opened RABS
When inspecting RABS
• Determine that the gloves and gauntlets attached to the glove ports are sterile when
installed.
• Well defined procedure that describe what is done when an open door intervention is
performed
• Checking of products coming in contact
• Verify that all process under gone through disinfection.
• RABS entry is often accompanied by an appropriate line clearance, which should be
documented in batch record
31
32. Blow-fill-seal(BSF) technology
BSF is an automated aseptic filling process in which containers are formed, filled and
sealed in continuous operation.
32
33. When inspecting BFS:
• Verify that HEPA-filtered or sterile air is used .
• Evaluate preventive maintenance program.
• Determine the sterilization cycle has been validated and condensate
properly drains from line.
• Verify personnel.
• Observe equipment setup.
33
34. Sterile filtration:
• The objective of aseptic processing is to maintain the sterility of
product.
Operating condition
• The environment
• Personnel
• Container/closure
• Sterilizing filter
• Maximum holding period of product
34
35. General area of interest:
A)Buildings:
• Minimum standard to prevent the infestation of birds and rodent into manufacturing
area.
• Unnecessary entry should be avoided.
• Grade A and B areas should be designed so that operation can be observed from
outside.
• Exposed surface should be smooth, unbroken, min shedding.
• Cupboards Pipes and ducts
• Grade A,B,C. Doors
• Warning system
35
36. B) RAW MATERIAL
Sop’s should be established for acceptance, inspection, storage, sampling
and testing of raw material.
Sterility of raw material is recommended to be ensured by periodic
monitoring.
If raw material depyrogenated during the manufacturing process, suitable
depyrogenation procedure should in instituted
36
38. A)Distillation :
Distillation involves boiling of water and then condensing the vapour into a clean
container, leaving solid contaminants behind.
Distilled water is produced by distillation.
B)Demineralization:
Demineralization is removing all the material that can be found in natural water.
This is done when water is used for chemical process.
All chemist and beauty product are made by demineralized water
38
39. D) Packaging materials:
Ampoules and vials:
Containers for parentral preparation are made from uncoloured glass
except that coloured glass may be used for substances known to be
light sensitive.
Evaluation test:
I) Powder glass test: It is done to test amount of alkali leached from
powder glass
39
40. Powder glass test
10gmsample is added with 50 ml of high purity water
in 250 ml flask
Place it in autoclave at 1210c for 30 min
Cool it under running water
Transfer to another flask& wash again with 15
ml high purity water.
Titrate immediately with 0.02 sulphuric acid, using
methyl red as indicator and record volume
40
41. Key references
Prof. Manohar A. Potdar, Simran Shaikh, Dr. Prem R. Goel. Text Book Of Audit and
regulatory compliance, pp.4.1-4.52
Rogers, Bywater, M.J., and Reeves, D.S(1991) Audit of turn-around times in a
microbiology laboratory, J Clin Pathol. 44(3):257-258
Mifsud, A.J and Shafi, M.S. (1995) Internal audit in a microbiology laboratory, J Clin
Pathol.48(6):560-563
Sandle.T. (2015) Approaching Microbiology Method Validation, Journal of GXP
Compliance,19(4):1-15
41
42. Albertini. A. and Signorini .C.(1995).The Quality Assurance system in clinical
chemistry.31(1):3-8
Farrington M .(1992) Medical Audit in clinical microbiology in united
kingdom.Rev Med Microbial 3:104-11
42