This document discusses insects as bioindicators of environmental pollution. It defines key terms like environment, environmental pollution, and bioindicators. Certain insect orders like dragonflies, mayflies, caddisflies, stoneflies, midges, bees, beetles and others are described as good bioindicators because their presence, abundance, and health can indicate the quality of the surrounding air, water, or soil. Characteristics of effective bioindicator species include being widely distributed, easy to identify and sample, sensitive to pollutants, and able to quickly respond to environmental changes.
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspectsMogili Ramaiah
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
As our environment is degrading day by day it's an important tool for the study of environmental health. Ecological indicators provide us information about the sudden change in the environment. So that we can take appropriate steps for its protection.
Energy Flow in Environment : Ecological EnergeticsKamlesh Patel
What is Energy:
The ability or capacity to do work,
Radiant, Chemical, thermal, mechanical, nuclear, electrical.
What is Energy Flow:
The existence of flora and fauna in ecosystem depends upon the cycle of minerals and flow of energy. Energy is needed for all the biotic activities. The only source of this energy is the sun. The entrance, transformation and diffusion of energy in ecosystem are governed by laws of thermodynamics.
What is Population interaction and 9 types of population interaction amongst Species including predation,protocooperation, mutualism, commensalism, ammensalism,parasitism,neutralism,and competition for resources.
Naturally occurring Bioindicators are used to assess the health of the environment and are also an important tool for detecting changes in the environment, either positive or negative, and their subsequent effects on human society.
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspectsMogili Ramaiah
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
As our environment is degrading day by day it's an important tool for the study of environmental health. Ecological indicators provide us information about the sudden change in the environment. So that we can take appropriate steps for its protection.
Energy Flow in Environment : Ecological EnergeticsKamlesh Patel
What is Energy:
The ability or capacity to do work,
Radiant, Chemical, thermal, mechanical, nuclear, electrical.
What is Energy Flow:
The existence of flora and fauna in ecosystem depends upon the cycle of minerals and flow of energy. Energy is needed for all the biotic activities. The only source of this energy is the sun. The entrance, transformation and diffusion of energy in ecosystem are governed by laws of thermodynamics.
What is Population interaction and 9 types of population interaction amongst Species including predation,protocooperation, mutualism, commensalism, ammensalism,parasitism,neutralism,and competition for resources.
Naturally occurring Bioindicators are used to assess the health of the environment and are also an important tool for detecting changes in the environment, either positive or negative, and their subsequent effects on human society.
Lichens , types of lichens based on growth and habitat, importance of lichens, fungal habits and colonization strategies, Air borne fungi and micotoxins.
Lichens=(Algae+Fungi) Symbiotic Association (Phycobiont+ Mycobiont), Idealistic marriage, Pioneers species of Xerosere succession Shows Dual Nature, Trinity=(One Algae+Two Fungi), Natural farmers, it melt stone convert stone to soil particles
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
2. What is Environment?
The term environment comes from the
French word “environ” and means everything
that surround us.
The totality of the surrounding conditions
for comfortable living of organism.
Environment is the area in which we live.
3. What is Environmental Pollution?
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into
natural environment that cause adverse change in
environment. Few types of pollution are following:
I. Water Pollution
II. Air Pollution
III. Soil Pollution
IV. Noise Pollution
V. Thermal Pollution
4. What are Bioindicators?
Bioindicators are species that can be used to monitor the
health of an environment or ecosystem.
Such organisms can be monitored for changes
(morphological, physiological, or behavioral) that may
indicate a problem within their ecosystem.
Bio indicators can tell us about the cumulative effects of
different pollutants in the ecosystem.
E.g. Caddisfly (order Trichoptera) used as an indicator
of water quality.
5. Characteristics of Good Bioindicator
Abundance, wide distribution
Simple procedure of identification and sampling
High tolerance for the pollutants analyzed
Quick response towards the change in their
environment
Taxonomically well documented and stable
Easy and cheap to survey
6. Bio-indicator Groups of Insects
1. Dragonflies and
damselflie
2. Mayflies
3. Caddisflies
4. Bugs
5. Stoneflies
6. Midges
7. Honey bees
8. Beetles
9. Collembolans
10.Lepidopterans
11.Ants
12.Syrphidfly
7. Dragonflies and Damselflies
Dragonflies and damselflies (known collectively
as the “Odonata”) are an important group in
biological water quality monitoring, as they are
particularly sensitive to pollution.
8. Mayflies
Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) larvae are recognized worldwide for
their sensitivity to oxygen depletion in running waters, and are
therefore commonly used as bioindicators in many monitoring
programs.
Mayflies inhabiting fresh waters like lakes and ponds.
9. Caddisflies
Caddisflies (Tricoptera) are the group of insects
whose larva occur in all type of fresh water. Particular
species are sensitive to water pollution and that is
why they are used as bio indicator of water purity.
11. Bugs
Bugs belong to order hemiptera, many
families like Corixidae, Nepidae,
Notonectidae, Pleidae, Belostomatidae,
Gerridae, Veliidae and Mesoveliidae are also
act as bioindicator to determine the quality
of water.
12. Midges
Species of Chironomidae (Order: Diptera) are widely used as
bioindicators of water quality, since their larvae undergo
morphological deformities when in contact with water
contaminated with chemicals
Midges are also used to calibrate or forecast the changes in
temperature
13. Honey bees
The honey bees (Hymenoptera) act as bio indicator of
environment in two ways as it signals via high
mortality rates the presence of toxic molecules or via
residues in honey, pollen and larvae the presence of
heavy metals.
14. Beetles
Beetles (Coleoptera) belong to family Carabidae are
important predators.
They also participate in biological control and biological
monitoring of pollution from oil, Sulphur, Carbon dioxide
and insecticides.
Beetles from family Scarabeaidae have high potential as
environmental indicator in forest area or agricultural
crops.
15. Collembolans
Collembolan are primitive insects that have influence on soil
fertility by microbial activity stimulation.
They are very sensitive to change in soil caused by pollutant
such as heavy metals, pesticides and soil acidification in
agricultural crops.
16. Lepidopterans
Some lepidopteran groups are used as environmental
indicators by heavy metals and carbon dioxide in
locations close to industrial and even within urban
areas.
17. Ants
Ants are very sensitive to human impact, and could be used as
environmental indicators in different ecosystems depending
on the degree on environmental change, and many species
extinct of site.
18. Syrphidfly
These flies belong to family syrphidae, one of the largest
family of Diptera has wide distribution and well known
taxonomy and its larvae require different environmental
conditions, which make these flies good bio indicator.
