Ensuring Success and Viable Economics of Your Renewable Natural Gas to CNG or Pipeline Project -Introduction to Renewable Natural Gas / Biomethane -Overview of Water Wash Biogas Upgrading Technology -Project Feasibility Analysis Illustrations -Case Studies -Waste to Pump – supply chain from capture to utilization of RNG/Biomethane -Go-to-market / GHG numbers / economics of LCFS / RFS2 / and European standards

1. Biogas Upgrading Project Technology Considerations
Ensuring Success and Viable Economics of Your Renewable Natural
Gas to CNG or Pipeline Project
Your Speaker:
Ricardo Hamdan
Sales Manager,
Greenlane Biogas
Your Host:
Thomas Melhorn
Director of Sales & Business
Development, North America & Europe
IMW Industries
Greenlane Technical:
Jean-Michel Logan, P. Eng
Lead Engineer,
Greenlane Biogas
IMW Technical:
David VanLaar, P. Eng
Application Engineer &
Product Solutions Group Lead
IMW Industries

2. About IMW
IMW has been manufacturing industrial machinery since 1912, and has evolved to be a leading
manufacturer of natural gas compression systems, serving all major markets Globally. Equipment
is currently operating mid-east to North of the Arctic Circle.
• Quality Products & Leader in CNG Compression
• Non-Lubricated Compression for Clean CNG
A variety of configurations for all applications

3. A Clean Energy Company
IMW operates as a wholly owned subsidiary of Clean Energy Fuels Corp. (NASDAQ: CLNE).
Clean Energy is the largest provider of natural gas fuel for transportation in North America and a
global leader in the expanding natural gas vehicle market.
Clean Energy has operations in CNG and LNG vehicle fueling, construction and operation of
CNG and LNG fueling stations, biomethane production, and compressor technology.

4. Continuing Education Credit
1 hr Technical Informal
More CPD Info or Board Room Attendance:
• Name
• Job title
• Company
• Email
webinars@imw.ca

5. Join the Discussion!

6. Your Speaker
Ricardo Hamdan
Sales Manager,
Greenlane Biogas

7. Handoff to Presenter

8. Renewable Natural Gas from Production to
Pumps – An Important Biogas Primer
Your Speaker:
Ricardo Hamdan
Sales Manager,
Greenlane Biogas
Your Host:
Thomas Melhorn
Director of Sales & Business
Development, North America & Europe
IMW Industries
Greenlane Technical:
Jean-Michel Logan, P. Eng
Lead Engineer,
Greenlane Biogas
IMW Technical:
David VanLaar, P. Eng
Application Engineer &
Product Solutions Group Lead
IMW Industries

9. Who are we?
Who We Are…

10. Greenlane Biogas
• Greenlane® Biogas is a world leader in waterwash technology for the
upgrading of biogas. There are over 80 Greenlane® Biogas upgraders
around the world, operating in Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Iceland, Holland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South
Korea, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the United States.
• The two largest biogas upgrading plants in the world at Güstrow, Germany,
and Montreal, Canada, use Greenlane’s® pressurised water scrubbing
systems.
• A continuous programme of Research and Development ensures that
Greenlane® remains at the leading edge of biogas upgrading technology.
• In October 2014, Greenlane became part of Pressure Technologies, giving
the Group a worldwide presence in the rapidly growing biogas upgrading
market. Greenlane’s® operations are split into three geographical regions;
North and South America, serviced out of Vancouver, Canada; Europe,
serviced out of Sheffield, UK, and; South East Asia, China and Australasia,
serviced out of Auckland, New Zealand.

11. Greenlane Biogas
• The Greenlane founders started a business in 1986 to provide
machinery installation services to the then booming Compressed
Natural Gas (CNG) industry in New Zealand.
• In 2014 Greenlane was acquired by Pressure Technologies PLC as
a wholly owned subsidiary. Headquartered in Sheffield, UK and
listed on the London Stock Exchange’s AIM market. Pressure
Technologies specializes in
• The Greenlane brand has grown to a global group of companies
offering solutions for:
– Biogas Upgrading Technology
– Gas Compression
– Industrial Heat Exchangers
– Technical Support, Field Services, and Parts

12. Global Presence
• Sheffield UK – Corporate Head Office
• Auckland – Sales, Design, Service.
• Sweden - Sales & Service
• Germany – Service
• Netherlands – Sales, Manufacturing, Service
• Canada – Sales, Manufacturing, Service, R&D

13. Greenlane has an unmatched 20-year track
record in delivering proven, clean and cost
effective renewable energy technology using
water to upgrade biomethane suitable for
pipeline quality gas and vehicle refuelling.
• Greenlane Biogas is known as
the global leader in biogas
upgrading solutions.
• Our team has been developing
biogas upgrading projects for 20
years
• Development and
implementation of market leading
biogas upgrading technology is
the major driver for Greenlane.
• Applications in Anaerobic
Digesters, Waste Water
Treatment Plants, and Landfills

14. Engineering Professionals
Greenlane Biogas has a unique vertically integrated technology, design and
outsource manufacture with supporting installation and commissioning
services. Our clients are serviced by a worldwide AfterCare Team.
Including:
• Process Engineers
• Mechanical Engineers
• Electrical & Instrumentation Engineers
• Controls Engineers
• Certified Project Managers
• Procurement Professionals
• Experienced Senior Management
FPSO Project - Singapore

15. IMW and Greenlane
• Highly scalable configurations for projects of varying sizes
• Standardized compressor units
• Non-Lubricated = No Oil Carryover
• Professional Engineering Support with Global Partner / Service
Network

16. What do I need to
Create Renewable
Natural Gas from
Biogas?
…an introduction

17. BIOGAS requires upgrading to be used as CNG or LNG Vehicle Fuel

18. • Pressure:
• Common: 2 – 8 inches of water column
• Municipal applications: up to 15 inches
• Major Constituents:
Raw Biogas Characteristics

19. Renewable Natural Gas
Interchangeability
• Upgraded biogas can be interchangeable with natural gas
Selected standard requirements for grid injection or for utilization as
vehicle fuel.
Compound Units Reported Tariff Range
Heating Value % volume 96-98
Carbon Dioxide % volume 1 - 3
Nitrogen % volume 1 – 4
Oxygen % volume 0.001 – 1
Hydrogen Sulfide ppm 3 - 16
Water Content lb/MMscf 4 - 7

20. How big is 1 Million BTUs? A comparison.
Gallons of Diesel Fuel
(@ 139,000 btu/gal) 7.2 gallons
Gallons of Gasoline
(@ 125,000 btu/gal) 8 gallons
Natural Gas at Ambient Pressure
1000 SCF (1 atmosphere, 14.7 psia)
Compressed Natural Gas
in a Vehicle
(3500 psi) – 1000 SCF
(238 atmospheres pressure)
4.2 ft³
(31 gallons)
(8 x 8 x 16 minibus)
1000 ft³
LNG at -260 F
(666 SCF gas/CF LNG )
1.5 ft³
(12 gallons)

21. How Does an
Upgrading Unit
Work?

22. A Simple Concept
• Biogas is primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Water under pressure can be used to separate these two gases
through their different solubility in H2O. This happens in the
Greenlane Scrubbing Tower.

23. Water Regeneration
• The Greenlane systems recycle water! Only a small amount of water is
added compared to the recirculation rates. This make-up water helps
keep the system clean, with a similar amount of water blown-down.
•Water from the scrubber is sent to a Flashing Tower to partially
depressurize, so the small amount of absorbed methane can be removed
from the water, enhancing methane recovery
• The water is then sent to the Stripping Tower that removes the gases
absorbed in the water
• Once stripped, the water is re-used to clean more Biogas!

24. How Does the Greenlane
Water Scrubber work?
• The raw biogas is compressed, then fed to a ‘scrubbing’ tower where it is
contacted with water. CO2, H2S, siloxanes and other trace contaminants
are preferentially absorbed by the water.
• Absorbed methane is ‘flashed’ off, in a tower at a lower pressure and
recovered by returning it to the start of the process.
• Product gas is further purified by a drier, before being analyzed and
delivered to the customer.

25. Greenlane Water Scrubbing
Technology in Focus
Water used as the scrubbing agent
Water scrubbing process upgrades raw biogas to vehicle fuel or pipeline
standards efficiently, and with less impact on the environment Biomethane
quality exceeds recognized international vehicle fuel standards and natural gas
quality specifications.
Full Automation
The entire plant is controlled by a PLC that monitors all parameters required
for safe and productive operation
Hydrogen Sulphide
Greenlane’s innovative, patented “polishing” process is proven to reduce
biomethane H2S carryover to typically less than 1 ppm in the biomethane.
Track Record
Greenlane has been building water scrubbing systems for over 20 Years, with
over 80 Systems Worldwide.

26. High Availability Biomethane Systems
Greenlane® Totara Compression Skid
• Greenlane biomethane plants have the highest availability in the market.
• Twenty years of experience and seven generations of design have
translated into a set of standard systems with no surprises.
• Issues around biogas liquids handling, contaminant fouling, biogas
composition variations, etc., have been solved.
• Repeating proven designs with reliable
components controlled by verified
software is our recipe for eliminating
operational risk.
• Remote monitoring and management
ensure plants perform as expected.

27. Key Elements of System Support
Greenlane® Totara – Scrubber Vessel Installation
Site Assistance Remote Management
• Installation Support
• Capable Commissioning
Personnel
• Performance Validation
• Operator Training
• 24/7 Data Collection and Trending
• 24/7 Phone Support
• Maintenance Packages
-For 6 and 12 month service
• Callout Support with <48 hr
Guaranteed Onsite Response Times

28. Kanuka Rimu Matai Totara
Rimu offers over twice the
capacity of Kanuka, with
nominal flow of 800 Nm3/hr.
This particular size is the most
proven in upgrading. It is a
simple design with
excellent reliability and high
uptime availability (95% -
98%).
Kanuka combines simplicity, low
cost and compactness to make it
a sharply competitive proposition
up to 300 Nm3/hr.
Housed in a 20ft container and
offering the patent pending and
disruptive Water Flooded Screw
technology, enables
simplification of the biogas
upgrading process and
significant cost savings.
Matai fits the requirement for mid-range
capacity up to 1200 Nm3/hr while retaining
the same benefits of efficiency and
economy of scale as the larger Totara
plants.
The units are offered in purpose built
enclosures to provide an elegant and highly
maintainable solution.
Totara & Totara+ are the largest models
currently offered with capacities of 2000 &
2500 Nm3/hr respectively. Greenlane have
supplied or have orders for 32 of these plants
around the world.
Totara’s efficiency and methane yield are the
best available. Like the Matai, the Totara units
are generally supplied in purpose built
enclosures, with the majority of Totara+
supplied non-containerised in client supplied
building.
Standardized Products

29. Waste to Pump
The Supply Chain of
Renewable Natural Gas

30. The RNG Supply Chain
Anaerobic Digestion
Or Landfill
Biogas Upgrading
System
1,500 SCFM
Fueling Station
with Compression
Biomethane
Testing
1,800 SCFM
891 SCFM
Electric Generation
300 SCFM
(by others)
Secondary
Compression and
Utility Injection

31. How do I Know if I
Have a Project?
… determining project feasibility

32. Assessing Feasibility

33. Vehicle Fuel vs Other Uses
© 2010 Canada Gas Association

34. Vehicle Fuel vs Other Uses
• Higher efficiency = More gas = More
revenue. ($)
• Most farms have several vehicles (Utility
vehicles, milk trucks, pick-up trucks) for
essential farm operations with Diesel
being their largest expense.

35. Assessing Feasibility for CNG
In order to do a feasibility study we must analyze the following variables:
CNG (Diesel) price: 7.41 DGE per MMBTU. 1 gallon of diesel contains in
average 0.135 MMBTUs. The US Energy Information Administration (EIA)
posts an diesel price forecast data per region. Pick the low oil price case
as it is the most conservative.

36. Assessing Feasibility for CNG
You also must reduce from the revenue streams the operational costs associated
with converting to vehicle fuel:
• Heating Costs of Digester
• Biogas Upgrading Costs
• CNG Compression Costs
• Additional Labor
• Utility consumption of the various pieces of equipment.
Capital Expense, Financial Costs and Development and Permitting Expenses must
also be considered when determining feasibility.
After modeling both scenarios (High and Low Diesel pricing). If the low oil price
Diesel case gives back an IRR of 18-25% the project is feasible.

37. Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)
GHG Emissions Calculations
CO2
95G
ULTRA LOW
SULFUR
CNG CNG
68G
COMPRESSED
NAT GAS
13G
FROM
LANDFILL
-15G
FROM
DRY AD

38. Low Carbon Fuel Standard
Market Demand
Volatility in Q1 2014 LCFS Credit pricing due to uncertainty and lack of stabilization in the
program

39. Case Studies

40. Installations
41
• USA, Canada, Brazil, South Korea,
Japan, New Zealand, Iceland, Sweden,
Germany, France, Spain, United
Kingdom, Finland, and The Netherlands
• Anaerobic Digesters, WWTP, & Landfills
• Over 70 Systems in 20 Years
• Americas: 19 Systems at 9 Sites
• World’s Largest Landfill Gas Upgrading
Plant

41. Case Study – Güstrow, Germany
Greenlane® Biogas Upgrading Plant - Güstrow, Germany
Greenlane® Biogas Upgrading Plant - Güstrow, Germany
• Largest Biogas to Biomethane project
in the world
• Injecting Biomethane into the German
natural gas since early 2009.
• Over 10,000 Nm3/hr (6000 SCFM) of
biogas processing capacity
• Digester feedstock is corn from local
farmers
• Lowest operating costs in the market

42. Case Study – Motala, Sweden
Greenlane® MANUKA - Motala, Sweden
Opening Ceremony (2009)Greenlane® MANUKA - Motala, Sweden, Opening Ceremony (2009)
• Typical smaller biogas upgrading unit for vehicle fueling applications, with
80 Nm3/hr biogas processing capacity
• Biogas from a small wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
• Small footprint, compact design, while still achieving 99%+ CH4 yield.
System shipped and installed in a standard 20’ shipping container.
• Design includes several patent pending innovations
• Biomethane CNG supplies needs for ~250 cars

43. Case Study – Kobe, Japan
Greenlane® Biogas Upgrading Plant
Kobe, Japan (2006)
Prime Minister John Key visited the Higashinada plants in Kobe, 2010
• Biogas from Higashinada WWTP, with initial biogas 150 Nm3/hr, then
increased to 660 Nm3/hr
• Biomethane is used to fuel fleet vehicles at a fuelling station inside the
WWTP’s gate.
• First plant installed in 2004, with two more
systems installed in 2006 and a Kanuka in 2012
• Greenlane have supplied 9 upgrading systems in
Japan through our Licensee Kobelco Eco-Solutions!

44. • First Anaerobic Digester to Biomethane project
in Canada
• Installed June 2010 with 800 Nm3/hr capacity
• Digester feedstocks include dairy, hog, poultry,
vegetable waste, along with some FOG and DAF
• Biomethane injected into the FortisBC pipeline,
with biomethane quality measurement by
Greenlane and FortisBC
• The overall system is fully automated with a
• remote monitoring package to minimize the
time requirement for on-site attention
Catalyst Site – August 2010
Catalyst Greenlane® Rimu – Fully Installed
Case Study - Abbotsford, BC, Canada

45. City of Hamilton, Ontario
‘Rimu’ System Installation
• First waste water treatment plant (WWTP) biogas
to biomethane project in Canada
• 750 Nm3/hr biogas flow from the Woodward
WWTP
• Installed in October 2011
• Union Gas is the gas utility accepting the
biomethane.
• This installation will become the key reference for
Ontario’s proposed renewable natural gas program
Greenlane® Biogas Upgrading System
Hamilton, Ontario
Case Study – Hamilton, Ontario
Greenlane® Biogas Upgrading System
Hamilton, Ontario

46. • Two Greenlane water scrubber Totara+ systems
and booster compressor
• 5200 Nm3/hr (3200 scfm) landfill gas flow from
the Sauk Hills Landfill
• Following the upgrading, the gas passes through
a De-Oxo unit to remove oxygen before the non-
lube Greenlane booster compressor injects to the
pipeline
Greenlane® Landfill Gas Upgrading System
Canton, Michigan
Canton, Michigan
2 x ‘Totara+’ System Installation
Greenlane® Totata+ During Installation
Canton, Michigan
Case Study: Sauk Hills LF, Canton, MI

47. • 1,000 Nm3/hr of Landfill Gas
• Matai Water Scrubber
• Landfill doesn’t have water
supply, so low water
consumption allows them to
use a tank and trucking in
water
• Currently using for CNG and
later injection into the Pipeline
• Commissioning Now
Greenlane® Totata+ During Installation
Canton, Michigan
Case Study: Landfill, Dos Arcos, Brazil

48. • 16,000 Nm3/hr of Landfill Gas
• Largest plant in the world
• Seven Totara+ systems
• Biogas Blower
• VPSA
• Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer
• Biomethane Compressor
• Flare
• Injection into the Trans Canada Pipeline
• Commissioning Summer 2014
Greenlane® Totata+ During Installation
Canton, Michigan
Case Study: BFI, Montreal, Canada

50. Thank You for Your Attention!
Ricardo A. Hamdan
Greenlane Biogas
#208 - 4288 Lozells Avenue
Burnaby BC, V5A-OC7
Cell CA: +1-778-788-0774
ricardo.hamdan@greenlanebiogas.com
www.greenlanebiogas.com

52. Upcoming Webinars
www.imw.ca/cng-webinars/
• Free Monthly Webinars
• Documented CPD Credits
Nov 19 | EMEA Rebroadcast (2pm UTC)
Evaluating Critical Components of CNG
Compression
John Dunaway, Cook Compression
Nov 20 | CNG & LNG for Heavy Duty Trucking
Jim Harger
Chief Marketing Officer
Clean Energy
Global Webinars Program
More time zones & languages coming on for
2015… stay tuned for dates!

53. Questions?

54. Contact Us!
IMW Industries
43676 Progress Way
Chilliwack, BC,
Canada V2R 0C3
+1 604-795-9491
www.imw.ca
Questions?
nlumpkin@cleanenergyfuels.com
sales@imw.ca
webinars@imw.ca