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BAT-Conclusion for AD
Dipl.- Ing. David Wilken
German Biogas Association
Department: Waste, Fertilisation and Hygiene
WT-BREF “Biological Treatment”
27th of March 2015, Seville
Digestate
In line with European
and national legislation,
voluntary product specifications
Digestate Application
Separation
Solid digestate
Municipal, industrial, commercial,
and agricultural biowaste
Liquid digestate
Liquid Application
Direct Application
(further upgrading possible)
AD plant
Liquid digestateSeparated
digestate
Composted
digestate
Pelletised
digestate
Dried digestate
Upgrading of the digestate
Liquid
Upgrading
Pelletising CompostingDryingSeparation
Waste acceptance procedures
• Choice of feedstock
• Significant impact on the AD process
• Quality and mixture can lead to higher biogas yield
(nutrient & micronutrient supply)
• Important for quality of digestate
• Use as fertiliser according to national and European legislation
• Clear procedures for acceptance and pre-acceptance
• Description of every feedstock in the installation permit
Storage & handling of incoming waste
• Storage of liquid and solid wastes
• Material should be stored appropriately to its environmental risk
• Liquid and semi-liquid waste should be stored in vessels, closed tanks,
silos, bunkers etc.
• Solid waste should be stored on impermeable surface, based on risk
assessment (e.g. not necessary for woody material)
• Preventing H2S exposure
• Implementing a plan for the prevention, limiting, detection and control of
unwanted chemical reactions (e.g. formation of H2S)
• In particular for waste storage, mixing and pre-treatment areas, biogas
production and storage, etc.
Process monitoring & control specific to AD
• Process monitoring and control
• To ensure stable reactor operation and to minimize operational difficulties
• Process performance
• Effective mixing , monitoring organic loading rate, pH, VFA’s and alkalinity
• Measurement of temperature
• Constant temperature in the correct range is very important for
microbiological milieu, biogas production and digestate sanitation
• Prevention of explosion and fire risks
• Plan for prevention, detection and control of fire and explosion (ATEX) for
waste storage, pre-treatment, biogas production and storage etc.
Emissions to water
• Control of dry matter of the AD step
• Adjust moisture content of incoming mixture in the AD step to run the
process at the best conditions foreseen at the design of the process.
• Reuse of waste water
• From storage, pre- and post-treatment, side activities, surfaces etc.
• To reduce total water consumption and amount of waste water
• Application of solid and/or liquid digestate as fertiliser
• Prevent or reduce emissions to water from AD plants
• Digestate is valuable nutrient-rich fertiliser
• Application according to national and European requirements
Emissions to air
• Closed storage for not stabilized liquid digestate
• Controlled transmission to aerobic phase for composting after AD
• Implementing a leak-control on fugitive emissions
• Minimizing sulphur emissions from combustion by adding metal salts,
internal or external biological oxidation or activated carbon filtration
• Additional biogas storage and/or alternative biogas consumer
• As emergency case, biogas which cannot be stored or used
energetically elsewhere should be flared by a gas flare.
Measures of energy efficiency and reduction of raw
material consumption
• Using biogas as energy source (e.g. in cogeneration, boilers, vehicles)
• Biogas maximisation
• Increasing energy efficiency of CHP
• Using excess heat for external use to increase overall conversion efficiency
(e.g. buildings, livestock rearing, drying processes)
• Upgrading biogas to biomethane
• Use of additives for optimizing AD process
• Depending on European and Local regulation, the produced digestate
can be placed on the market to substitute inorganic fertiliser.
• Establish and maintain quality controls over the digestate
• Design and develop sampling and analysis protocols to determine
suitability of the digestate to be applied to soil in safe environmental
conditions according to national or European requirements.
Product preparation and storage
Howard Leberman, EA

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Howard Leberman, EA

  • 1. BAT-Conclusion for AD Dipl.- Ing. David Wilken German Biogas Association Department: Waste, Fertilisation and Hygiene WT-BREF “Biological Treatment” 27th of March 2015, Seville
  • 2. Digestate In line with European and national legislation, voluntary product specifications Digestate Application Separation Solid digestate Municipal, industrial, commercial, and agricultural biowaste Liquid digestate Liquid Application Direct Application (further upgrading possible) AD plant
  • 3. Liquid digestateSeparated digestate Composted digestate Pelletised digestate Dried digestate Upgrading of the digestate Liquid Upgrading Pelletising CompostingDryingSeparation
  • 4. Waste acceptance procedures • Choice of feedstock • Significant impact on the AD process • Quality and mixture can lead to higher biogas yield (nutrient & micronutrient supply) • Important for quality of digestate • Use as fertiliser according to national and European legislation • Clear procedures for acceptance and pre-acceptance • Description of every feedstock in the installation permit
  • 5. Storage & handling of incoming waste • Storage of liquid and solid wastes • Material should be stored appropriately to its environmental risk • Liquid and semi-liquid waste should be stored in vessels, closed tanks, silos, bunkers etc. • Solid waste should be stored on impermeable surface, based on risk assessment (e.g. not necessary for woody material) • Preventing H2S exposure • Implementing a plan for the prevention, limiting, detection and control of unwanted chemical reactions (e.g. formation of H2S) • In particular for waste storage, mixing and pre-treatment areas, biogas production and storage, etc.
  • 6. Process monitoring & control specific to AD • Process monitoring and control • To ensure stable reactor operation and to minimize operational difficulties • Process performance • Effective mixing , monitoring organic loading rate, pH, VFA’s and alkalinity • Measurement of temperature • Constant temperature in the correct range is very important for microbiological milieu, biogas production and digestate sanitation • Prevention of explosion and fire risks • Plan for prevention, detection and control of fire and explosion (ATEX) for waste storage, pre-treatment, biogas production and storage etc.
  • 7. Emissions to water • Control of dry matter of the AD step • Adjust moisture content of incoming mixture in the AD step to run the process at the best conditions foreseen at the design of the process. • Reuse of waste water • From storage, pre- and post-treatment, side activities, surfaces etc. • To reduce total water consumption and amount of waste water • Application of solid and/or liquid digestate as fertiliser • Prevent or reduce emissions to water from AD plants • Digestate is valuable nutrient-rich fertiliser • Application according to national and European requirements
  • 8. Emissions to air • Closed storage for not stabilized liquid digestate • Controlled transmission to aerobic phase for composting after AD • Implementing a leak-control on fugitive emissions • Minimizing sulphur emissions from combustion by adding metal salts, internal or external biological oxidation or activated carbon filtration • Additional biogas storage and/or alternative biogas consumer • As emergency case, biogas which cannot be stored or used energetically elsewhere should be flared by a gas flare.
  • 9. Measures of energy efficiency and reduction of raw material consumption • Using biogas as energy source (e.g. in cogeneration, boilers, vehicles) • Biogas maximisation • Increasing energy efficiency of CHP • Using excess heat for external use to increase overall conversion efficiency (e.g. buildings, livestock rearing, drying processes) • Upgrading biogas to biomethane • Use of additives for optimizing AD process
  • 10. • Depending on European and Local regulation, the produced digestate can be placed on the market to substitute inorganic fertiliser. • Establish and maintain quality controls over the digestate • Design and develop sampling and analysis protocols to determine suitability of the digestate to be applied to soil in safe environmental conditions according to national or European requirements. Product preparation and storage