This document discusses Wärtsilä's biogas and BioLNG solutions. It provides an overview of biogas and biomethane production processes including anaerobic digestion, biogas upgrading, and liquefaction. Statistics on biogas potential and production are presented. Wärtsilä's Puregas upgrading and MR liquefaction technologies are described. The document also discusses the role of biogas and BioLNG in reducing emissions from transportation and as a transition fuel for shipping. Case studies of Wärtsilä biogas projects are briefly summarized.

1. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä1
BIOGAS & BIOLNG
SOLUTIONS BY WÄRTSILÄ
15.9.2020 REETTA KAILA
TECHNOLOGY & DEVELOPMENT MANAGER
BIOGAS SOLUTIONS

2. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä2
INCREASING AWARENESS OF BIOGAS POTENTIAL & STATISTICS
Rolande delivering bioLNG to the road transport
Road transport usage in
Sweden: 94% biogas

3. © Wärtsilä
FUEL ALTERNATIVES
Synthetic/e-fuels (Power-to-X)
• Hydrogen (H2)
• Ammonia (NH3)
• Methanol
• Synthetic methane (LSM)
Biofuels
• Liquid biofuels
HVO - ISO 8217 compliant
FAME
Crude biofuels (soya, rapeseed, palm oils, fish fat)
• Biomethane (CBG/ LBM), BioLNG
• Bioethanol
Fossil fuels
HFO, MGO, LNG, LPG,
Diesel, Gasoline
To fulfil the emission legislation
within shipping, additional
technologies have
to be deployed:
• Scrubbers ( SOx)
• SCR (NOx)
• Carbon Capture – not yet available
Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä16.9.20203

4. © Wärtsilä 16.9.20204
GLOBAL BUNKER FUEL DEMAND (330 MTON/A)
VS BIOFUEL SUPPLY TO THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR
Synthetic fuels (Power-to-X)
FAME & HVO
are part of committed
and legislated biofuel mixing
into road transportation fuels
in various territories (eg. EU
& US)
Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä
FUEL DEMAND
Approx production rates
• Liq biofuels 40 Mton/a
• Bigas 40 Mton/a, of which
• Biomethane 1 Mton/a
• PtX fuels 0.16 Mton/a

5. © Wärtsilä
GLOBAL GHG EMISSIONS BY INDUSTRY SECTOR – DEMAND FOR GREEN H2
Industry
Electricity &
heat
production
Agriculture,
Forestry, Land
use
Buildings
Other energy
Road
Air
Rail
Water
16.9.20205
GHG EMISSIONS
Rail
Transport
Fertilisers
(ammonia)
Chemical industry
Steel industry
Replace coal
with XX?
Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä

6. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä6
BIOLNG PRODUCTION CHAIN
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION BIOMETHANE LIQUEFACTIONBIOGAS UPGRADING
BIOMETHANE BIOLNGBIOGAS

7. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä7
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BIOGAS AND BIOMETHANE?Biogas
Composition
50-60% CH4
40-50% CO2
Traces of H2S & impurities
Production by
Anaerobic Digestion
360 TWh (2017)
~40 Mton/a
Use
Heat and electricity (CHP)
Domestic use (cooking)
Upgrading to transport fuel
Biomethane
Composition
97-99% CH4
1-2% CO2
Production by
Biogas Upgrading
50 PJ = 13,9 TWh
1,02 Mton/a
Use
Transport fuel
Supply to gas grid
Energy storage for base
and peak loads
Sources: World biogas association & Irena
Circular economy
Turning waste to high value, renewable
energy and fertilizers, being CO2 neutral
and having a high carbon efficiency.
Sustainable societies
Local job creation. Domestic energy
supply security. Waste treatment.

8. © Wärtsilä 16.9.20208
BIOLNG AVAILABILITY ANALYSIS FOR
SHIPPING & HEAVY ROAD TRANSPORTATION DEMANDS
ENERGY DEMAND
• Heavy road transportation
• Maritime
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY
• Forestry products & residues
• Agricultural residues
• Energy crops
Energy(EJ)
2030 2050
Low High Low High Low High Low High
1 EJ = Exajoule = 1x10^18
Energy crops
are only grown on
‘surplus land’ i.e. land that
is not used for production
of food, feed and fibres
(ligno-cellulosic, etc)
Aquatic biomass
has a potential of 600-
1500 EJ in 2050
Source: BioLNG availability analysis by CE DElft for SEALNG (03/2020)Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä
FUEL AVAILABILITY

9. © Wärtsilä
Pipeline NG
LPG
LNG
DF engine requirements
• Heating value (LHV) (> 28 MJ/kg)
• Methane number (>70/80)
• Derating & knocking
LNG fuel storage requirements
• Cryogenic fuel temperature (-160/158 C)
• Bunkering & pressure build-up
• Boil-off rate & tank holding time
Carbon dioxide CO2
Nitrogen N2
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butanes C4H10
Pentanes+ C5H12+
N2
CH4 C2H6
C3H8
i-C4H10
Average fossil LNG (MN 77)
FUEL GAS QUALITY MEASURES
16.9.20209
FUEL QUALITY & BLENDS
LBM
LNG source LHV (MJ/kg) Methane number
Fossil 49.7 65-85
Biological 49.9 100
FUEL GAS COMPOSITIONS
Wärtsilä Biogas Solutions/ KAILABiogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä

10. © Wärtsilä 16.9.202010
THE BIOLNG PRODUCTION CHAIN
Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä
Energy crop
Manure
Organic waste
Sewage
CBG – compressed
biogas to fuelling
stations
Biogas to gas grid
Biomethane
Puregas CA
Raw
biogas
Heat
Bio CO2
Bio fertilizer
Anaerobic
digester
CH4/CO2
= 50/50 (60/40)
Bio CO2
bioLNG
Feedstock
Anaerobic
Digestion
Biogas
Upgrading
Biogas
Liquefaction

11. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä11
BIOGAS UPGRADING WITH WÄRTSILÄ PUREGAS CA
Alternative CO2 capture technologies
• PSA
• Water scrubbers
• Membranes
Low OPEX
• 75% heat recovery by heat-integration
• Electricity < 0,11 kWh/Nm3
• Closed-loop amine-water system
• Low consumption of water and
solvents
Low maintenance costs
• 98% uptime guarantee
<0,1% CO2
no VOCs,
siloxanes or H2S
Biomethane
Gas compression
and drying
Raw
biogas
bio CO2
H2S Removal
1. Absorption 2. Stripping
Heat
99,9% CO2
<0,05% CH4
97-99,9% CH4
Puregas CA is based on amine technology (LP)
1. CO2 capture
2. Amine regeneration
 Max CH4 recovery and highest purity
Sönderjysk II
CA80, 1.4.2020

12. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä12
BIOGAS LIQUEFACTION WITH WÄRTSILÄ MR-PROCESS (MIXED REFRIGERANT)
Puregas CA polishing
CO2 < 50 ppm
H2O < 1 ppm
H2S < 4ppm
Industrial bioLNG quality
• Subcooled to -162C
• No Boil Off Gas (BOG)
• Lowest OPEX (power < 0.75 kWh/kg)
• MR technology for 6 – 25 tpd
• Semi-dual brayton for 100 – 250 tpd

13. © Wärtsilä
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Capacity range - Biomethane (tons/day)
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
Mini-scale
development
CA30
CA50
CA60
CA70
CA80
Capacity range - Raw biogas (Nm3/h)
STANDARDISED PRODUCTS WITH MODULAR DESIGN
16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä13
0 50 100 150 200 250
MR6
MR10
MR17
MR25
MR25S
SDB100
SDB170
SDB250
Liquefaction capacities - BioLNG (tons/day)
PUREGASCA
LIQUEFACTION
HUBSSPOTS

14. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä14
WHY WÄRTSILÄ BIOGAS UPGRADING & LIQUEFACTION?
• Modular & standardised design
• Integrated housing
• Compact footprint
• Relocation possible
• EPCIC delivery
Engineering/ Procurement/ Construction/ Installation/ Commissioning
• Manufactured and FAT tested before delivery
• Quick site installation (min site disturbance)
• Short lead time (<6/11 months delivery to site)
40 meters
120 TPD /
43,800 TPA
240 TPD /
87,600 TPA
before expansion (2003)
Kollsnes I
Kollsnes II
Twice the capacity – half the foot print
Skive CA80H2S, 24.10.2019
PROJECT EXECUTION

15. © Wärtsilä
• Easy operations
• Quick start-up and shut-down of all systems
• Fully-automated cool down & self-regulating capacity
control from 0 to 100%
• Integrated operations for whole process
• 24/7 service support through service agreements
• Remote monitoring & control
• Design for unmanned operation
• Local control of export station
• Self-operated by truck drivers
Well-proven technology
as a turn-key solution!
WHY WÄRTSILÄ BIOGAS UPGRADING & LIQUEFACTION?
16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä15
OPERATIONS

16. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä16
REFERENCE SUMMARY
Liquefaction plants: 4
Upgrading plants: 42
(including 1 membrane plant)
Conventional
versions: 34
BioLNG
versions: 4
H2S
versions: 5
Compressor stations: 11 Boiler solutions: 9
H2S reduction solutions: 5CO2 liquefaction plants: “2”
Biogas
Liquefaction: 3
Boil Off Gas
Liquefaction: 1

17. © Wärtsilä17
EXAMPLE: BIOGAS UPGRADING AND LIQUEFACTION PLANT, TRONDHEIM NORWAY
“We expect strong demand for
liquefied biogas as fuel. Wärtsilä’s
biogas upgrading and liquefaction
solution represents an important step
forward in realising this potential.”
Biokraft LBG (bioLNG, LBM)
Owner Biokraft AS, Norway
Type LBM plant
Tank net volume 350 m3
Capacity 25 TPD / 9,125 TPA
Size of upgrading
liquefaction unit
20 m x 30 m
12 m x 20 m
Gas source Biogas from fish industry and paper mill
waste
Details Biogas to be used on city buses in Trondheim
and as bunker fuel for Hurtigruten RoPax
Scope
of supply
Liquefaction plant, incl.
• Puregas CA biogas upgrading
• Cooling system
• MR liquefaction process
• Storage tank
• Electrical and control systems
• Service agreement
• Installation of plant
Excl. Civil works
Delivery method EPC
Delivered 2017
Skogn 21. august 2017
https://www.Biokraft.no/biokraft-skogn
16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä
Circular economy & sustainable societies

18. © Wärtsilä 16.9.2020 Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä18
CONCEPT FOR PRODUCTION OF SYNTHETIC BIOMETHANE
18
*) Synthetic Natural Gas
**) Compressed Natural Gas
Biowaste
Anaerobic
digester
Raw
Gas Biogas
Upgrading
Bio
methane Biogas Liquefaction
CNG**)
CO2 capture
Ambient air or
a point source
CO2
CO2 Liquefaction
CO2
H2
O2
Excess
renewable
energy
e-
Water
Electrolysis
Bio-fertilisers
(Global CO2 emissions reduction
potential up to 6%)
Bio
+30 to 45%
increased yield
Methanation
SNG*)
H2O
Power-to-X (synthetic methane)
Source CO2
Air 450 ppm
Exhaust gas 5%
BioUp off-gas 99,9%
BIOGAS SOLUTIONS LINK TO PTX

19. © Wärtsilä 16.9.202019
TRANSITION FUELS WILL BE NEEDED TO COPE WITH
THE LACK OF GREEN FUELS
Limited shipyard capacity is a risk factor
2050Today
Available shipyard capacity
Needed capacity
ENSURES FUEL FLEXIBILITY
AND IS A FUTURE-PROOF
SOLUTION TO 2030
DUAL-FUEL
COMBUSTION
ENGINE
LNG FUEL
GAS SUPPLY
SYSTEM
BRINGS YOU
EASILY TO 2050
WITHOUT ANY ADAPTIONS
ON YOUR ENGINE
ARRANGEMENT
BLENDING
BIO/SYNTHETIC
LNG OR H2
• BioLNG technology is mature
throughout the value chain
• Ramp-up of scale is depended on
fuel demand (off-take contracts &
incentives)
• Time to act is now!
Biogas & BioLNG solutions by Wärtsilä

20. Reetta Kaila, DSc(Tech)
Technology & Development Manager
Wärtsilä Biogas Solutions
reetta.kaila@wartsila.com