The document discusses biogas upgrading to renewable natural gas (RNG) using membrane technology. It provides an overview of biomethane incentives, membrane upgrading technology, and a case study of a membrane upgrading system installed at a biogas plant in Switzerland. The system uses highly selective membranes in a multi-stage process to upgrade biogas to over 96% methane, which is then injected into the natural gas grid.
Membrane Technology - International Biomass 2013eisenmannusa
The document summarizes membrane technology for upgrading biogas to biomethane. It discusses the advantages of upgrading biogas to biomethane using highly selective membrane technology, which allows for minimized methane slippage. The document also presents a case study of a biogas plant in Switzerland that upgraded biogas to biomethane using membrane technology and integrated the upgrading system with anaerobic digestion.
This document summarizes a presentation on research into producing ethanol from loblolly pine forest residuals via thermochemical conversion. The research aims to determine if the process can meet the 60% greenhouse gas reduction requirement in the Energy Independence and Security Act. The life cycle assessment examines the process from feedstock production and transportation through conversion, distribution and use. Key findings include ethanol production resulting in a 86.95% reduction in greenhouse gases compared to gasoline, mainly due to carbon sequestration in the sustainably managed forests.
Biomass to olefins cracking of renewable naphthapxguru
This document discusses cracking renewable naphtha produced from biomass to produce light olefins like ethylene and propylene. The biomass is first converted to a renewable naphtha fraction using a two-step process involving hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking. Comprehensive characterization of the renewable naphtha showed it consists mainly of paraffins suitable for steam cracking. Steam cracking this naphtha in a pilot plant yielded high amounts of ethylene (31 wt%) and propylene (17.5 wt%) while producing small amounts of byproducts. Experimental coking studies also showed this naphtha feed has attractive coking properties. Simulations predict higher run lengths compared to fossil n
Sustainability in an Urban Environment Through Anaerobic Digestion - Biocycleeisenmannusa
The document discusses a proposal to implement an anaerobic digestion system at an urban vertical farming facility in Chicago. The system would use organic waste as an input to produce biogas via anaerobic digestion. The biogas would be used to generate electricity and heat for the facility, making it a net zero energy operation. It would also produce digestate as a fertilizer and reduce waste sent to landfills. The proposal outlines the concept, technology, and milestones to construct a 5,000 ton per year anaerobic digestion plant at the facility.
Presentation of Jacques Niederberger for the "Workshop Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery"
Apresentação de Jacques Niederberger realizada no "Workshop Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery "
Date / Data : Aug 13 - 14th 2009/
13 e 14 de agosto de 2009
Place / Local: ABTLus, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop4
Bionic presentation describing exemplary the interaction between african biomass production and bionic's microfuel technology. Auguist 2012, English Version
This document summarizes the carbon footprint of the Euro Village compound in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. It describes the facilities and sources of emissions, which are primarily purchased electricity and fugitive emissions from refrigerants. The methodology used tier methods to calculate emissions from stationary combustion, mobile combustion, and fugitive sources. In 2011, total emissions were 53,767 metric tons of CO2 equivalent, with over 99% from purchased electricity and fugitive emissions. Recommendations to reduce emissions include energy tracking, audits, construction improvements, efficient appliances and refrigerant replacement. A 20% reduction target by 2020 is suggested through quick wins and an 8-year investment plan.
This document describes a study comparing two processes for producing isooctane from isobutene: a conventional process using separate reactors and distillation columns, and an intensified process using a catalytic distillation (CD) column. The conventional process involves dimerizing isobutene in a reactor, separating the dimer product using distillation, and then hydrogenating the dimer in a second reactor. The intensified process combines dimerization, hydrogenation and separation in a single CD column. Process models of both configurations are developed and compared based on energy usage, carbon dioxide emissions, isobutene utilization, and product purity. Results show the CD process achieves the same product purity as the conventional process while realizing significant energy savings and
Membrane Technology - International Biomass 2013eisenmannusa
The document summarizes membrane technology for upgrading biogas to biomethane. It discusses the advantages of upgrading biogas to biomethane using highly selective membrane technology, which allows for minimized methane slippage. The document also presents a case study of a biogas plant in Switzerland that upgraded biogas to biomethane using membrane technology and integrated the upgrading system with anaerobic digestion.
This document summarizes a presentation on research into producing ethanol from loblolly pine forest residuals via thermochemical conversion. The research aims to determine if the process can meet the 60% greenhouse gas reduction requirement in the Energy Independence and Security Act. The life cycle assessment examines the process from feedstock production and transportation through conversion, distribution and use. Key findings include ethanol production resulting in a 86.95% reduction in greenhouse gases compared to gasoline, mainly due to carbon sequestration in the sustainably managed forests.
Biomass to olefins cracking of renewable naphthapxguru
This document discusses cracking renewable naphtha produced from biomass to produce light olefins like ethylene and propylene. The biomass is first converted to a renewable naphtha fraction using a two-step process involving hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking. Comprehensive characterization of the renewable naphtha showed it consists mainly of paraffins suitable for steam cracking. Steam cracking this naphtha in a pilot plant yielded high amounts of ethylene (31 wt%) and propylene (17.5 wt%) while producing small amounts of byproducts. Experimental coking studies also showed this naphtha feed has attractive coking properties. Simulations predict higher run lengths compared to fossil n
Sustainability in an Urban Environment Through Anaerobic Digestion - Biocycleeisenmannusa
The document discusses a proposal to implement an anaerobic digestion system at an urban vertical farming facility in Chicago. The system would use organic waste as an input to produce biogas via anaerobic digestion. The biogas would be used to generate electricity and heat for the facility, making it a net zero energy operation. It would also produce digestate as a fertilizer and reduce waste sent to landfills. The proposal outlines the concept, technology, and milestones to construct a 5,000 ton per year anaerobic digestion plant at the facility.
Presentation of Jacques Niederberger for the "Workshop Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery"
Apresentação de Jacques Niederberger realizada no "Workshop Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery "
Date / Data : Aug 13 - 14th 2009/
13 e 14 de agosto de 2009
Place / Local: ABTLus, Campinas, Brazil
Event Website / Website do evento: http://www.bioetanol.org.br/workshop4
Bionic presentation describing exemplary the interaction between african biomass production and bionic's microfuel technology. Auguist 2012, English Version
This document summarizes the carbon footprint of the Euro Village compound in Khobar, Saudi Arabia. It describes the facilities and sources of emissions, which are primarily purchased electricity and fugitive emissions from refrigerants. The methodology used tier methods to calculate emissions from stationary combustion, mobile combustion, and fugitive sources. In 2011, total emissions were 53,767 metric tons of CO2 equivalent, with over 99% from purchased electricity and fugitive emissions. Recommendations to reduce emissions include energy tracking, audits, construction improvements, efficient appliances and refrigerant replacement. A 20% reduction target by 2020 is suggested through quick wins and an 8-year investment plan.
This document describes a study comparing two processes for producing isooctane from isobutene: a conventional process using separate reactors and distillation columns, and an intensified process using a catalytic distillation (CD) column. The conventional process involves dimerizing isobutene in a reactor, separating the dimer product using distillation, and then hydrogenating the dimer in a second reactor. The intensified process combines dimerization, hydrogenation and separation in a single CD column. Process models of both configurations are developed and compared based on energy usage, carbon dioxide emissions, isobutene utilization, and product purity. Results show the CD process achieves the same product purity as the conventional process while realizing significant energy savings and
Bionic's µfuel catalytic MWDP (microwave depolymerization) process is a 2nd generation biomass/waste-to-fuel process ready for commercialization in 2011.
Power Generation Facility with Amine Based Carbon CapturePeter Zhou
This document describes a post-combustion carbon capture facility integrated with a 400 MW natural gas combined cycle power plant. The facility uses an amine solvent of 27.5 wt% MEA and 2.5 wt% piperazine to capture CO2 from the plant's flue gases. The captured CO2 is compressed to a liquid state of 16 MPa and 99.7% purity for potential uses like enhanced oil recovery. An economic analysis found the capital costs of over $1.26 billion resulted in an uneconomical process despite capturing 215,000 tons of CO2 annually.
CCS Projects Integration Workshop - London 3Nov11 - TCM - Project IntegrationGlobal CCS Institute
This presentation was given at the Global CCS Institute/CSLF meeting on CCS Project Integration that was held in London on 3 November 2011. The aim of the meeting was to share experiences on CCS project integration; and to identify priority integration topics that need further attention to facilitate CCS project development and deployment.
You can view more presentations from the event at http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/community/blogs/authors/klaasvanalphen/2011/11/25/presentations-global-ccs-institutecslf-meeting-ccs
Questor Technology Inc. is an international environmental technology company that specializes in waste gas incineration solutions. Their products help clients operate cost effectively while protecting the environment and ensuring sustainable operations. Questor develops customized incineration systems that efficiently combust waste gases, improving air quality at a competitive cost.
Current Status of Amine-based CO2 Capture Technology in KEPCOcanaleenergia
This document summarizes a presentation on carbon capture and storage given in Rome, Italy on October 18, 2011. It discusses KEPCO's (Korea Electric Power Corporation) efforts to develop amine-based carbon dioxide capture technology. KEPCO has projects to test solvents with lower regeneration energy requirements than MEA, including a 0.1MW test bed and plans to construct a 10MW pilot plant. Test results so far show KoSol solvent series requiring 30-35% less regeneration energy than MEA and exhibiting lower degradation and corrosion. The presentation outlines KEPCO's policy and targets for CCS, project overview, and test results from laboratory and 0.1MW tests.
4.17 - "Thermal conversion of biomass as a source of fuel for electricity gen...Pomcert
This document summarizes research on the thermal conversion of biomass for electricity generation. It discusses co-combustion and gasification of biomass in small power plants. Co-combustion is difficult in small grate boilers, while gasification coupled with an engine may be more economical. The document describes testing of a two-stage fixed bed gasifier and burner designs. It provides results on stable operation of a diffusion burner and gas quality from gasification. Micro-scale gasification coupled with an engine is also discussed.
Emission Measurements of Various Biofuels using a Commercial Swirl-Type Air-A...JOACHIM AGOU
A joint university-industry research program funded by Rolls-Royce Canada, NSERC and CRIAQ is actually pursued at Université Laval to characterize the combustion performance of liquid (biodiesel blends) and gaseous (syngas blends) biofuels in terms of emissions & smoke and lean blow out. The final objective of the proposed research is to characterize the most promising liquid and gaseous novel biofuels for use in industrial gas turbines in order to reduce greenhouse gases and potentially operation costs. These combustion tests allowed the characterization of standard diesel fuel as a baseline plus two biodiesel blends as well as standard methane as a baseline plus ten syngas blends (CH4, H2, CO and CO2) in order to evaluate the emissions of the main pollutants (CO, CO2, NOx, UHCs and smoke). Combustor exit and wall temperature measurements were also taken to characterize adequately the boundary conditions for future CFD simulations. The flame was contained in a quartz tube combustor operating at ambient outlet conditions and the fuel was delivered through a commercial swirl-type, airblast dual fuel atomizer. The air mass flow rate was kept constant for all fuels to maintain the same pressure drop (ΔP) across the fuel injector while the fuel flow was varied to cover equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1. A probe connected to a FTIR/FID/O2 gas analyzer system and a smoke filter was fixed to a 3D-axis traverse in order to sample combustion products in a cross pattern at the combustor exit. This way, concentrations of various emissions were obtained at five radial positions. Burned gases and wall temperatures were measured with thermocouples along the test rig. This paper reports the findings of these experimental tests and presents the comparisons of the biofuels with baseline fuels to identify some benefits of these novel biofuels while maintaining an acceptable overall combustion performance.
IRJET- Assessment of Thermophysical Properties of Biodiesel from Sunflower Wa...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the thermophysical properties of biodiesel from sunflower waste cooking oil and its blends for use in diesel engines. Specifically, it analyzes density, viscosity, flash point, and sulfur content of biodiesel blends containing 10%, 20%, 40%, and 100% sunflower biodiesel. The study found that density and viscosity increased with higher biodiesel content and flash point decreased. Mathematical models were developed relating the properties to biodiesel concentration and temperature, achieving high regression values. The results indicate sunflower biodiesel blends meet standards and can provide an alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Selection of amine solvents for CO2 capture from natural gas power plant - presentation by Jiafei Zhang in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
4.15 - "Technologies of Biomass Gasification" - Aleksander Sobolewski, Sławom...Pomcert
This document summarizes technologies for biomass gasification. It provides background on the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, which conducts research on gasification. Biomass gasification is described as converting biomass into a gaseous fuel through thermochemical processes. Different types of biomass gasification reactors are presented, along with examples of small and large-scale biomass gasification technologies. Challenges associated with biomass gasification include ensuring a continuous biomass supply and dealing with gas contamination.
4. biogas upgrading with the carborex ms system smallFlexigas_Site
1) Membrane separation (MS) is the best method for biogas upgrading due to its low investment and operational costs, high energy efficiency over 98%, and ability to achieve methane slip rates less than 0.5%.
2) The DMT-Carborex®-MS system utilizes selective membranes to upgrade biogas to compressed biomethane gas for vehicle fuel with 97% or more methane content and very low methane emissions.
3) An economic analysis showed MS technology to have the lowest annual costs of 348,283 euros compared to 434,641 euros for pressurized water scrubbing and 548,419 euros for pressure swing adsorption due to lower methane losses and higher availability.
The document discusses CRI's use of high-throughput tools to rapidly optimize catalysts and processes for biofuel production. It provides examples of successfully developing improved catalysts for ethylene oxide production and dehydrogenation reactions within 5-18 months versus 12-18 months using conventional methods. For biofuel applications, CRI screened over 150 conditions using 0.1-0.4mL of catalyst to develop a process to convert mixed alcohols to gasoline using solid acid catalysts within 3 months. This helped their partner arrive at a process design and economics more quickly. CRI's high-throughput approach can help deploy application-specific biofuel catalysts and processes faster.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the gasification of empty fruit bunch (EFB) briquette in a fixed bed tubular reactor for hydrogen production. The study characterized the EFB briquette fuel and analyzed the effects of temperature on the gas composition, heating value, carbon conversion efficiency, and cold gas efficiency of the produced gas. The results showed that increasing the temperature from 600 to 700 degrees Celsius increased the hydrogen gas composition from 17.17% to 29.67% and the heating value of the produced gas from 6.18 to 7.64 MJ/Nm3. However, the carbon conversion efficiency only marginally increased from 31.85% to 32.84%. The study concluded that
SECTION V: COMPLEMENTARITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY IN A WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
“TMB and incineration in a waste management system: experience in Germany” by Mr. Stephanie Thiel, VIVIS Consult, Germany
This document is a presentation on optimizing the compression ratio for a compression ignition engine fuelled with Undi methyl and ethyl ester blends with diesel. It discusses preparing the biodiesel from Undi fruits found in coastal areas of Maharashtra and testing blends from B10 to B100 at various compression ratios from 16-20. Test results showed improved performance at higher compression ratios, with Undi methyl ester blends having higher efficiency and lower emissions than ethyl ester blends. The conclusion recommends Undi methyl ester as more beneficial and future work to further optimize engine performance and emissions.
The document describes an emulsified heavy crude oil equipment called ECH-A that can save energy and reduce carbon emissions. ECH-A emulsifies heavy crude oil with up to 40% water to generate micro-explosions during combustion for more complete burning. Test results show that compared to heavy crude oil alone, ECH-A emulsified oil can achieve a higher oil-efficient rate of 16.19% and reduce maximum flame temperatures.
The document discusses a process called Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2) that can directly produce drop-in gasoline and diesel fuels from biomass. IH2 uses catalytic hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion to remove oxygen from biomass and upgrade the resulting products into cellulosic hydrocarbon fuels. The process is designed to use a variety of feedstocks in a cost-effective manner and produce fuels with minimal environmental impact.
The document describes the GasTechno process, which directly converts natural gas to methanol in a single step. This allows stranded natural gas sources to be monetized at small scales in a simple and affordable way. Key points include that the process requires no catalysts or syngas, can handle impure gas sources like flared or biogas, and produces methanol as well as derivatives like gasoline and olefins. The company currently has several patents pending and is working to commercialize the technology through a pilot plant and future demonstration plant attached to a gas flare site.
Biomass to Steam - The Environmental Challengeeisenmannusa
The document summarizes a presentation about converting biomass to steam using gasification. It discusses the environmental challenges of producing 360,000 pounds per hour of steam from varied biomass fuels to meet stringent emissions requirements. A dual wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) approach is presented to control multiple pollutants like particulate matter, acid gases, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and mercury. Test results showed the WESP system met permitting standards.
Sustainability in an urban environment through anaerobic digestioneisenmannusa
The document describes plans to implement an anaerobic digestion system at Plant Chicago, a vertical farming operation located in a former meatpacking facility in Chicago. The system would divert over 10,000 tons of organic waste annually from landfills to produce biogas using anaerobic digestion. The biogas would be used in a combined heat and power unit to generate electricity and heat for the building, making it a net zero energy operation. The digestate produced would also be used as fertilizer to replace fossil fuel-based fertilizers. The project aims to promote more sustainable urban agriculture and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the city.
Bionic's µfuel catalytic MWDP (microwave depolymerization) process is a 2nd generation biomass/waste-to-fuel process ready for commercialization in 2011.
Power Generation Facility with Amine Based Carbon CapturePeter Zhou
This document describes a post-combustion carbon capture facility integrated with a 400 MW natural gas combined cycle power plant. The facility uses an amine solvent of 27.5 wt% MEA and 2.5 wt% piperazine to capture CO2 from the plant's flue gases. The captured CO2 is compressed to a liquid state of 16 MPa and 99.7% purity for potential uses like enhanced oil recovery. An economic analysis found the capital costs of over $1.26 billion resulted in an uneconomical process despite capturing 215,000 tons of CO2 annually.
CCS Projects Integration Workshop - London 3Nov11 - TCM - Project IntegrationGlobal CCS Institute
This presentation was given at the Global CCS Institute/CSLF meeting on CCS Project Integration that was held in London on 3 November 2011. The aim of the meeting was to share experiences on CCS project integration; and to identify priority integration topics that need further attention to facilitate CCS project development and deployment.
You can view more presentations from the event at http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/community/blogs/authors/klaasvanalphen/2011/11/25/presentations-global-ccs-institutecslf-meeting-ccs
Questor Technology Inc. is an international environmental technology company that specializes in waste gas incineration solutions. Their products help clients operate cost effectively while protecting the environment and ensuring sustainable operations. Questor develops customized incineration systems that efficiently combust waste gases, improving air quality at a competitive cost.
Current Status of Amine-based CO2 Capture Technology in KEPCOcanaleenergia
This document summarizes a presentation on carbon capture and storage given in Rome, Italy on October 18, 2011. It discusses KEPCO's (Korea Electric Power Corporation) efforts to develop amine-based carbon dioxide capture technology. KEPCO has projects to test solvents with lower regeneration energy requirements than MEA, including a 0.1MW test bed and plans to construct a 10MW pilot plant. Test results so far show KoSol solvent series requiring 30-35% less regeneration energy than MEA and exhibiting lower degradation and corrosion. The presentation outlines KEPCO's policy and targets for CCS, project overview, and test results from laboratory and 0.1MW tests.
4.17 - "Thermal conversion of biomass as a source of fuel for electricity gen...Pomcert
This document summarizes research on the thermal conversion of biomass for electricity generation. It discusses co-combustion and gasification of biomass in small power plants. Co-combustion is difficult in small grate boilers, while gasification coupled with an engine may be more economical. The document describes testing of a two-stage fixed bed gasifier and burner designs. It provides results on stable operation of a diffusion burner and gas quality from gasification. Micro-scale gasification coupled with an engine is also discussed.
Emission Measurements of Various Biofuels using a Commercial Swirl-Type Air-A...JOACHIM AGOU
A joint university-industry research program funded by Rolls-Royce Canada, NSERC and CRIAQ is actually pursued at Université Laval to characterize the combustion performance of liquid (biodiesel blends) and gaseous (syngas blends) biofuels in terms of emissions & smoke and lean blow out. The final objective of the proposed research is to characterize the most promising liquid and gaseous novel biofuels for use in industrial gas turbines in order to reduce greenhouse gases and potentially operation costs. These combustion tests allowed the characterization of standard diesel fuel as a baseline plus two biodiesel blends as well as standard methane as a baseline plus ten syngas blends (CH4, H2, CO and CO2) in order to evaluate the emissions of the main pollutants (CO, CO2, NOx, UHCs and smoke). Combustor exit and wall temperature measurements were also taken to characterize adequately the boundary conditions for future CFD simulations. The flame was contained in a quartz tube combustor operating at ambient outlet conditions and the fuel was delivered through a commercial swirl-type, airblast dual fuel atomizer. The air mass flow rate was kept constant for all fuels to maintain the same pressure drop (ΔP) across the fuel injector while the fuel flow was varied to cover equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1. A probe connected to a FTIR/FID/O2 gas analyzer system and a smoke filter was fixed to a 3D-axis traverse in order to sample combustion products in a cross pattern at the combustor exit. This way, concentrations of various emissions were obtained at five radial positions. Burned gases and wall temperatures were measured with thermocouples along the test rig. This paper reports the findings of these experimental tests and presents the comparisons of the biofuels with baseline fuels to identify some benefits of these novel biofuels while maintaining an acceptable overall combustion performance.
IRJET- Assessment of Thermophysical Properties of Biodiesel from Sunflower Wa...IRJET Journal
The document investigates the thermophysical properties of biodiesel from sunflower waste cooking oil and its blends for use in diesel engines. Specifically, it analyzes density, viscosity, flash point, and sulfur content of biodiesel blends containing 10%, 20%, 40%, and 100% sunflower biodiesel. The study found that density and viscosity increased with higher biodiesel content and flash point decreased. Mathematical models were developed relating the properties to biodiesel concentration and temperature, achieving high regression values. The results indicate sunflower biodiesel blends meet standards and can provide an alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Selection of amine solvents for CO2 capture from natural gas power plant - presentation by Jiafei Zhang in the Natural Gas CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
4.15 - "Technologies of Biomass Gasification" - Aleksander Sobolewski, Sławom...Pomcert
This document summarizes technologies for biomass gasification. It provides background on the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, which conducts research on gasification. Biomass gasification is described as converting biomass into a gaseous fuel through thermochemical processes. Different types of biomass gasification reactors are presented, along with examples of small and large-scale biomass gasification technologies. Challenges associated with biomass gasification include ensuring a continuous biomass supply and dealing with gas contamination.
4. biogas upgrading with the carborex ms system smallFlexigas_Site
1) Membrane separation (MS) is the best method for biogas upgrading due to its low investment and operational costs, high energy efficiency over 98%, and ability to achieve methane slip rates less than 0.5%.
2) The DMT-Carborex®-MS system utilizes selective membranes to upgrade biogas to compressed biomethane gas for vehicle fuel with 97% or more methane content and very low methane emissions.
3) An economic analysis showed MS technology to have the lowest annual costs of 348,283 euros compared to 434,641 euros for pressurized water scrubbing and 548,419 euros for pressure swing adsorption due to lower methane losses and higher availability.
The document discusses CRI's use of high-throughput tools to rapidly optimize catalysts and processes for biofuel production. It provides examples of successfully developing improved catalysts for ethylene oxide production and dehydrogenation reactions within 5-18 months versus 12-18 months using conventional methods. For biofuel applications, CRI screened over 150 conditions using 0.1-0.4mL of catalyst to develop a process to convert mixed alcohols to gasoline using solid acid catalysts within 3 months. This helped their partner arrive at a process design and economics more quickly. CRI's high-throughput approach can help deploy application-specific biofuel catalysts and processes faster.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the gasification of empty fruit bunch (EFB) briquette in a fixed bed tubular reactor for hydrogen production. The study characterized the EFB briquette fuel and analyzed the effects of temperature on the gas composition, heating value, carbon conversion efficiency, and cold gas efficiency of the produced gas. The results showed that increasing the temperature from 600 to 700 degrees Celsius increased the hydrogen gas composition from 17.17% to 29.67% and the heating value of the produced gas from 6.18 to 7.64 MJ/Nm3. However, the carbon conversion efficiency only marginally increased from 31.85% to 32.84%. The study concluded that
SECTION V: COMPLEMENTARITY OF WASTE-TO-ENERGY IN A WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
“TMB and incineration in a waste management system: experience in Germany” by Mr. Stephanie Thiel, VIVIS Consult, Germany
This document is a presentation on optimizing the compression ratio for a compression ignition engine fuelled with Undi methyl and ethyl ester blends with diesel. It discusses preparing the biodiesel from Undi fruits found in coastal areas of Maharashtra and testing blends from B10 to B100 at various compression ratios from 16-20. Test results showed improved performance at higher compression ratios, with Undi methyl ester blends having higher efficiency and lower emissions than ethyl ester blends. The conclusion recommends Undi methyl ester as more beneficial and future work to further optimize engine performance and emissions.
The document describes an emulsified heavy crude oil equipment called ECH-A that can save energy and reduce carbon emissions. ECH-A emulsifies heavy crude oil with up to 40% water to generate micro-explosions during combustion for more complete burning. Test results show that compared to heavy crude oil alone, ECH-A emulsified oil can achieve a higher oil-efficient rate of 16.19% and reduce maximum flame temperatures.
The document discusses a process called Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH2) that can directly produce drop-in gasoline and diesel fuels from biomass. IH2 uses catalytic hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion to remove oxygen from biomass and upgrade the resulting products into cellulosic hydrocarbon fuels. The process is designed to use a variety of feedstocks in a cost-effective manner and produce fuels with minimal environmental impact.
The document describes the GasTechno process, which directly converts natural gas to methanol in a single step. This allows stranded natural gas sources to be monetized at small scales in a simple and affordable way. Key points include that the process requires no catalysts or syngas, can handle impure gas sources like flared or biogas, and produces methanol as well as derivatives like gasoline and olefins. The company currently has several patents pending and is working to commercialize the technology through a pilot plant and future demonstration plant attached to a gas flare site.
Biomass to Steam - The Environmental Challengeeisenmannusa
The document summarizes a presentation about converting biomass to steam using gasification. It discusses the environmental challenges of producing 360,000 pounds per hour of steam from varied biomass fuels to meet stringent emissions requirements. A dual wet electrostatic precipitator (WESP) approach is presented to control multiple pollutants like particulate matter, acid gases, sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and mercury. Test results showed the WESP system met permitting standards.
Sustainability in an urban environment through anaerobic digestioneisenmannusa
The document describes plans to implement an anaerobic digestion system at Plant Chicago, a vertical farming operation located in a former meatpacking facility in Chicago. The system would divert over 10,000 tons of organic waste annually from landfills to produce biogas using anaerobic digestion. The biogas would be used in a combined heat and power unit to generate electricity and heat for the building, making it a net zero energy operation. The digestate produced would also be used as fertilizer to replace fossil fuel-based fertilizers. The project aims to promote more sustainable urban agriculture and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the city.
This document outlines the objectives of an English II class which include identifying antonyms of common words, choosing characteristics one should have, and unlocking difficulties. It provides examples of antonyms like pretty-ugly, small-big, good-bad, and begin-start. It also discusses comparing a goat and cow, noting they both give milk and meat but have different colored fur. Students are instructed to identify antonym word pairs.
Este documento lista varios programas propietarios y libres para realizar diferentes tareas como navegar por internet, crear documentos, presentaciones y archivos multimedia, comprimir archivos, protegerse de virus, actualizar software, dar mantenimiento a una computadora, visualizar PDFs, respaldar información y editar imágenes. Algunos de los programas propietarios mencionados son Safari, Word, PowerPoint, Avast, BurnAware, Radarsync PC Udpster, winRAR, Realplayer, CCleaner, Adobe y Photoshop, mientras que los programas libres incl
The document is an advertisement for the 24th Annual Wine & Fine Food Festival hosted by the Rendezvous Rotary Club. The event will take place on October 22, 2015 from 7-9pm at the Yukon Convention Centre at the Coast High Country Inn. Tickets are $60, with $90 priority tasting tickets including early admission at 6pm. Proceeds will benefit local and international community projects.
This document discusses the design process for a band's album digipak cover. The initial black and white design was deemed too simple and safe. The revised cover features the band members in black and white on the front page to keep it simple but effective, while the logo remains in color to stand out. Interior pages feature individual band members, again in black and white to maintain simplicity. The back cover is designed to stand out from the rest of the album by incorporating color, reflecting the band's edgy and different style compared to other boy bands.
Este documento resume las principales formas de energía, sus transformaciones y fuentes. Explica que la energía puede tener formas luminosa, calorífica, mecánica, eléctrica, química o nuclear y puede transformarse de una forma a otra. Además, detalla que obtenemos la energía principalmente de combustibles fósiles y electricidad, cuyas fuentes pueden ser renovables como la energía solar o eólica, o no renovables como los combustibles fósiles. Finalmente, señala que el consumo de energía provoca el agotamiento de
Este documento presenta información sobre cómo realizar presentaciones de ventas estratégicas. Explica que la preparación es crucial, incluyendo establecer objetivos, revisar la información del cliente y el producto, y desarrollar un plan de presentación. También describe las diferentes etapas de una presentación, como descubrir las necesidades del cliente a través de preguntas, seleccionar un producto adecuado, y satisfacer las necesidades del cliente mediante presentaciones informativas, persuasivas o recordatorias. Además, enfatiza la importancia del serv
1) El documento introduce la Teoría General de Sistemas, la cual surgió en 1925 y se consolidó después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. 2) Explica que la TGS provee un marco teórico unificador para las ciencias naturales y sociales al estudiar conceptos como organización, totalidad e interacción dinámica. 3) Señala que la TGS analiza las totalidades y las interacciones internas y externas para explicar y predecir fenómenos en la realidad de manera pragmática.
Este documento trata sobre el liderazgo estratégico. Explica conceptos clave como el liderazgo, teorías de liderazgo, equipos de alta gerencia e identifica acciones claves de líderes estratégicos como establecer una visión, administrar recursos, aprovechar competencias centrales y fomentar una cultura organizacional efectiva. El objetivo es comprender la importancia del liderazgo estratégico para el éxito de una organización.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness and well-being.
This work concerns a systematic study of IC engine operation with 100% biogas as fuel (as opposed to the dual-fuel mode) with particular emphasis on operational issues and the quest for high efficiency strategies.
As a first step, In Biogas CO2 does not help in combustion process but reduce the calorific value of biogas. H2S is in minor quantity but it has corrosive action on combustion chamber and also reduces calorific value of biogas. Also traces of moisture are to be removing for better thermal efficiency. So harmful gradients are removed and use only methane as a fuel.
Subsequently, the model of KINETIC GF is used to predict effect of different parameters such as compression ratio, spark timing and combustion durations on engine performance and efficiency.
The results show very high overall efficiencies with the manifold injection strategy. The main reasons are the higher volumetric efficiency and overall lean operation of the engine across the entire load range. Predictions show excellent agreement with measurements, enabling the model to be used as a tool for further study. Simulations suggest that a higher compression ratio (up to 13) and appropriate spark advance can lead to higher engine power output and efficiency.
Pentair Haffmans provides advanced biogas upgrading technology using membrane separation to recover 100% of the methane from biogas and eliminate methane slip. Their system upgrades biogas to biomethane that can be injected into the natural gas grid and optionally recovers carbon dioxide as a profitable byproduct. Pentair Haffmans offers standardized turnkey systems as well as custom solutions for biogas upgrading across a range of system sizes and capacities.
Desktop study for biomethane utilization from POME.pptxWindri Aji Brata
The document discusses biomethane production from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and potential utilization options. It finds that a 60 ton/hr palm oil mill could produce 2.43 million m3 of biomethane per year. Investing in a 500 m3/hr upgrading plant would cost $4.3 million with annual operating costs of $349,092. Selling biomethane as compressed gas could yield $10.26/MMBTU. Potential utilization includes injection into gas grids, use as vehicle fuel to replace diesel, and replacing LPG in commercial/industrial applications. The document recommends focusing on captive uses like fueling plantation trucks to replace costly diesel.
The document discusses biogas production through anaerobic digestion and membranes processes for upgrading biogas quality. It describes the four main stages of anaerobic digestion and factors that influence biogas production. Membrane permeation processes can be used to remove impurities like CO2 and H2S from biogas and upgrade its quality for applications. The document examines various membrane materials and industrial configurations that involve multiple permeation stages with recycling to effectively treat biogas.
This document provides an overview of renewable natural gas (RNG) production from sources like landfills and wastewater treatment plants. It discusses the background and reasons for increased interest in high-BTU RNG projects. Various biogas upgrading technologies like PSA, membranes, water scrubbing and cryogenics are described along with their pros and cons. Potential revenue sources for RNG projects like commodity sales, renewable fuel credits, and carbon offset markets are also outlined. The presentation concludes with a discussion of common site layouts, potential pitfalls, and contact information for the presenters.
Additional information will be presented by Dr. Terry Ramus and Dr. Scott Hein at the RTGA webinar on June 18 at 4-5pm CEST. Please register at: http://bit.ly/LT6A4n
Introduction
The last few years have seen an accelerating pace of new fuel development. This has increasingly lead to the need for high performing diagnostic and monitoring tools that can help lower costs and improve efficiencies. Rapid quantitative chemical measurement can aid in the understanding and design of all aspects of fuel processing systems.
The Diablo 5000A Real-Time Gas Analyzer (RTGA) based on the Agilent 5975 Mass Selective Detector has proven to be a powerful analytical tool for the study and optimization of fuel cell systems and ‘syngas’ production and use. This white paper will detail how the Diablo 5000A RTGA provides a stable, reliable and quantitative solution to continuous chemical monitoring in fuel processing systems that is not possible with residual gas analyzers.
Thank you for downloading the RTGA White Paper.
This document describes TriBlue Corporation's Enhanced Condensate Recovery technology. The technology uses membranes to efficiently separate valuable condensates like propane, ethane, and butane from natural gas streams. This allows operators to produce additional revenue streams from condensate sales while also conditioning the gas to meet pipeline standards. A case study shows how the technology helped one operator increase revenues by 217% by extracting condensates from rich gas wells that were previously uneconomical to operate due to high processing costs.
Biofuel Project: an anlysis to substitute 10% italian petrol by mean of non-f...Stefano Maronese
A study about a new chain based on biogas whose aim is to prove that it is feasible to substitute 10% Italian petrol consumption with non-fossil fuel by exploiting only non-edible crops, livestock manure, residues and wastes.
SERI is a leader in processing recovered elastomeric materials into precise gradation powders. They presented on their process for optimizing "In Process Materials" (IPM), which involves recovering, reducing, reusing, and recycling materials to reduce costs and waste. Their wet grinding UltraFineTM process produces uniform powders while maintaining product properties. Implementing an IPM practice can provide economic benefits through material cost reductions and capturing lost value while improving production and competitiveness.
5 Steps to Achieve More CostEffective Aminebased Carbon Capture Processes at ...NazrulIslam657555
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Please join GEO Inc. for a technical presentation on C3™ Technology (Cooling, Compression, Condensation) that will provide regulators, consultants, and field applicators with an understanding of the appropriate and diverse uses of this advanced vapor extraction and treatment system. Additionally, this slideshow will help identify when C3 Technology should be used, and how to apply the technology most effectively to achieve optimal efficiency and output rates.
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This document provides an overview of green chemistry and green engineering principles through 30 slides. It discusses sustainable development goals and how green skills can provide green jobs. The 12 principles of green chemistry are then examined in detail, including maximizing atom economy, designing safer chemicals and processes, energy efficiency, use of renewable feeds, catalysis, and designing for degradation. Industrial case studies on energy mapping and efficiency improvements in EDC-VCM production are presented.
GE / Texaco Gasifier Feed to a Lurgi Methanol Plant and its Effect on Methano...Gerard B. Hawkins
GE / Texaco Gasifier Feed to a Lurgi Methanol Plant and its Effect on Methanol Production
CONTENTS
0 Methanol Synthesis Introduction
1 Executive Summary
2 Design Basis
2.1.1 Train I Design Basis
2.1.2 Train II Design Basis
2.1.3 Train III Design Basis
2.2 Design Philosophy
2.2.1 Operability Review
2.3 Assumptions
2.4 Train IV Flowsheet
2.4.1 CO2 Removal
3 Discussion
3.1 Natural Gas Consumption Figures
3.1.1 Base Case
3.1.2 Case 1 – Coal Gasification in Service
3.1.3 Case 2 – Coal Gasification in Service – No CO2 Export
3.2 Methanol Production Figures
3.2.1 Base Case
3.2.2 Case 1 – Coal Gasification in Service
3.2.3 Case 2 – Coal Gasification in Service – No CO2 Export
3.3 85% Natural Gas Availability
3.4 100% Natural Gas Availability
3.5 CO2 Emissions
3.5.1 Base Case
3.5.2 Case 1 – Coal Gasification in Service
3.5.3 Case 2 – Coal Gasification in Service – No CO2 Export
3.6 Specific Consumption Figures
3.6.1 Base Case
3.6.2 Case 1 – Coal Gasification and CO2 Import
3.6.3 Case 2 – Coal Gasification and No CO2 Import
3.7 Train IV Synthesis Gas Composition
4 Further Work
5 Conclusion
APPENDIX
Important Stream Data – Material Balance Stream Data
Texaco Gasifier with HP Steam Raising Boiler
CHARACTERISTICS OF COAL
Material Balance Considerations
Sustainability in an Urban Environment Through Anaerobic Digestioneisenmannusa
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Application of Bio-FAEG, a Biofouling Assessment Model in Engine Performance...Tosin Onabanjo
The recent advances for flexible fuel operation and the integration of biofuels and blends in gas turbines raise concern on engine health and quality. One of such potential threats involves the contamination and the growth of microorganisms in fuels and fuel systems with consequential effect on engine performance and health. In the past, the effects of microbial growth in fuels have been qualitatively described; however their effects in gas turbines have not necessarily been quantified. In this presentation, the effects of fuel deterioration are examined on a simulated aero-derivative gas turbine. A diesel-type fuel comprising of thirteen (13) hydrocarbon fractions was formulated and degraded with Bio-fAEG, a bio fouling assessment model that defines degraded fuels for performance simulation and analysis, predicts biodegradation rates as well as calculates the amount of water required to initiate degradation under aerobic conditions. The degraded fuels were integrated in the fuel library of Turbomatch (v2.0) and a twin shaft gas turbine was modeled for fuel performance analysis. The results indicate a significant loss in performance with reduced thermal efficiency of 1% and 10.4% and increased heat rate of 1% and 11.6% for the use of 1% and 10% degraded fuels respectively. Also parameters such as exhaust gas temperature and mass flow deviated from the baseline data indicating potential impact on engine health. Therefore, for reliable and safe operation, it is important to ensure engines run on good quality of fuel. This computational study provides insights on fuel deterioration in gas turbines and how it affects engine health.
Bio - CNG - a sustainable energy solutionAyisha586983
Bio-CNG holds significant potential as a sustainable energy solution to reduce reliance on fossil fuels, mitigate climate change, and promote circular economy principles by valorizing organic waste streams. Continued innovation and investment in bio-CNG technology and infrastructure are key to realizing its full environmental and economic benefits in the transition towards a low-carbon energy future.
This document discusses the future of small scale biogas upgrading using membrane separation technology. Membrane separation is well-suited for small scale upgrading due to its compact size, simple on/off operation, low cost, high biogas utilization flexibility, and high operational uptime with only biannual human interaction needed. New high selective membrane materials can further reduce methane slip to very low levels. DMT is developing small scale upgrading systems using high selective membranes that are plug-and-play, containerized, and have low capital and operating costs. Virtual pipelines also show promise for transporting upgraded biogas or green gas to remote locations not accessible by physical pipelines.
Theory:
Magnetism, Types of magnetic substances, Directions, Magnetic force and field, Right-hand rule, and its application, numerical problems.
Practical:
• Orientation Class and Safety Instructions.
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Theory:
Wave motion, types of waves, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, superposition and interference of waves, sound waves, ultrasound wave and its application, speed of sound, em-waves and light, their properties, numerical problems.
Practical:
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Theory:
Wave motion, types of waves, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, superposition and interference of waves, sound waves, ultrasound wave and its application, speed of sound, em-waves and light, their properties, numerical problems.
Practical:
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Practical:
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Theory:
Wave motion, types of waves, frequency, amplitude, and wavelength, superposition and interference of waves, sound waves, ultrasound wave and its application, speed of sound, em-waves and light, their properties, numerical problems.
Practical:
• Standing Waves on a String.
• Resonant Modes of Sound in a Tube.
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2. Agenda
1 Biomethane Incentives
2 Membrane Technology for Gas Upgrading
3 Case Study: Gas Upgrading
4 Membrane Technology and Anaerobic Digestion Integration
5 US Application
6 About Eisenmann
7 Conclusions and Questions
2
3. Agenda
1 Biomethane Incentives
2 Membrane Technology for Gas Upgrading
3 Case Study: Gas Upgrading
4 Membrane Technology and Anaerobic Digestion Integration
5 US Application
6 About Eisenmann
7 Conclusions and Questions
3
4. Drivers
Most biogas systems use CHP to generate electricity and heat
The thermal energy cannot always be utilized
Incentives to use biogas as biomethane or CNG for transportation fuel
More than 250,000 natural gas vehicles in the US
(source: GE)
12-15% public transit buses in US use CNG
(source: CNG Now)
A natural gas powered bus can displace 1,400 gallons of
diesel fuel a year
(source: CNG Now)
Natural gas vehicles reduce greenhouse gas emissions
between 20-29%
(source: Natural Gas Vehicle Association)
4
5. Advantages of Biomethane
Decentralized production
Independent, flexible and storable energy source
Efficient use according to requirements
Storage capability for when demand is higher
Offsets non-renewable sources
(coal, oil, fossil fuel derived natural gas)
Production creates US jobs and benefits local
economies
5
6. Agenda
1 Biomethane Incentives
2 Membrane Technology for Gas Upgrading
3 Case Study: Gas Upgrading
4 Membrane Technology and Anaerobic Digestion Integration
5 US Application
6 About Eisenmann
7 Conclusions and Questions
6
8. Flow diagram
biogas cooling desulfurization compressor
and drying
temperature
particle filter control filter
control
membrane membrane biomethane
stage I stage II > 98% CH4
biogas production
pre-treatment membrane offgas CO2
compression stage III < 0.5% CH4
purification
gas separation purified gas
offgas treatment
0.0% CH4
8
9. Advantages of Upgrading with Membrane Technology
Biogas upgrading with selective and permeable
membranes offers advantages over other technologies
Minimized gas recirculation rates
Lower operating costs
Low capital expenditure
Compact modular design
Rapid system start-up
Easier system control
Low methane leakage
High energy efficiency
No need for additional chemicals or water
Injection into the natural gas grid without
further compression
9
10. Agenda
1 Biomethane Incentives
2 Membrane Technology for Gas Upgrading
3 Case Study: Gas Upgrading
4 Membrane Technology and Anaerobic Digestion Integration
5 US Application
6 About Eisenmann
7 Conclusions and Questions
10
11. Case Study: Membrane Technology
Project: Biogas Plant in Switzerland
Limited success with previous biogas upgrading technology
Installed Membrane Upgrading System in 2012
Gas is used to fuel city buses
11
13. Facts and Figures
Biogas plant: Volume flow biogas: 123 CFM
Volume flow biomethane: 73 CFM
high solids digestion of biowaste Concentration biomethane: > 96 vol.-%
Utilization:
grid injection and fuel
for public transportation fleet
Membrane room Biogas upgrading plant
13
14. Measurement Data
Successful test operation in December 2012
Grid injection since January 26, 2013
concentration [vol.-%]
concentration [vol.-
concentration biomethane [vol.-%]
concentration methane [vol.-%]
concentration CO2 [vol.-%]
concentration CO2 [vol.-%]
%]
Dec 3 Dec 4 Dec 5 Dec 6 Dec 7 Dec 3 Dec 4 Dec 5 Dec 6 Dec 7
2012 2012
Biomethane to grid injection: methane > 96 % Offgas to atmosphere: methane leakage < 1.0 %
14
15. Operating Data
Specific energy consumption without peripherals
Compressor duty
0.20 kWh/Nm³ biogas
Specific energy consumption with peripherals
Compressor duty
Blower, cooling and air conditioning
0.29 kWh/Nm³ biogas
Operation
Fast start-up and shut-down
Good adjustability
No heat requirement
No operational supplements
Easy handling
15
16. Agenda
1 Biomethane Incentives
2 Membrane Technology for Gas Upgrading
3 Case Study: Gas Upgrading
4 Membrane Technology and Anaerobic Digestion Integration
5 US Application
6 About Eisenmann
7 Conclusions and Questions
16
17. Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Upgrading
Total process chain from a single source.
Plug flow digester CHP / biogas upgrading
17
19. Pre-treatment
Requirements for grid injection concerning pollutant gas components and dew point reached.
Heat exchangers Blower Activated carbon filters
Cooling, condensation Pre-compression, drying Fine desulfurization
T = 41°F p = 17.4 PSI, T = 86°F H2S < 10 ppm
19
20. Compression
Ensuring the required pressure difference for gas separation.
Oil injected screw compressor
Stable operation
No pulsation
Waste heat from engine used
for container air conditioning
Internal heat recovery
Oil deposition
Heat utilization for temperature control
p = 232 PSI and T = 131°F Detail oil circulation Construction compressor
20
21. Purification
Fine purification in order to ensure a long lifetime of the membranes.
Heat exchangers Control filter Particle filter
Temperature control Activated carbon for fine cleaning ISO-filter for fine particulate matter
T = 77 - 86°F Pollutant gas, oil Particles, aerosols (ISO 8573-1)
21
22. Gas separation with highly selective membranes
Small recirculation rate minimizing compressor duty
High selectivity facilitating a methane yield greater than 99.5%.
compressor
membrane membrane biomethane
stage I stage II > 98% CH4
vacuum
membrane offgas CO2
stage III < 0.5% CH4
Two-staged upgrading to biomethane Third membrane stage to minimize methane leak
22
23. Process Control and Visualization
Automated operation and process control
Walk-in switch cabinet
Process control
Siemens S7
Remote access
Monitoring and operation
through internet access
Failure report notification via
mobile phone
Visualization
Touch-screen
Biogas upgrading visualization
23
24. Agenda
1 Biomethane Incentives
2 Membrane Technology for Gas Upgrading
3 Case Study: Gas Upgrading
4 Membrane Technology and Anaerobic Digestion Integration
5 US Application
6 About Eisenmann
7 Conclusions and Questions
24
25. Business Study: Waste Collection Vehicles
Fuel costs for waste collection fleets are negatively impacted by
Low miles per gallon
Long service routes
Increasing age of the fleets
Current Situation – 179,000 waste collection vehicles in America
91% are diesel-fuel
40% are over 10 years old
Average 25,000 miles driven annually
Fuel Costs
Average 3 miles to the gallon
8,600 gallons of fuel use on average per truck per year
For a fleet of 100 trucks, the average annual fuel costs would be $3.44 Million
(assuming $4/gallon cost of diesel)
25
26. Business Study: Waste Collection Vehicles
Benefits of switching a fleet to natural gas
Cleaner alternative fuel
Significant cost savings
At $2/gallon of CNG, on 100 truck fleet: daily savings is $4,800, annual savings is $1.75 M
ROI: Just over a year with annual fuel savings
(based on average cost of converting diesel engines)
Cleaner, less noisy truck
Non-corrosive, non-carcinogenic fuel is not a threat to soil, surface water or ground water
Up to 90% less air pollution than diesel fuel
26
27. Business Study: Waste Collection Vehicles
Example: Waste Management displaces 8 million gallons of petroleum and eliminates over
45,000 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions in just one year by operating 1,400 natural
gas trucks.
27
28. Business Study: Waste Collection Vehicles
Assumptions: Diesel - $4 / gallon
CNG - $2 / gallon
Feed Rate of Biogas System 100 tons/day @ 350 days/yr
Methane Production 540,933 SCF (CH4)/day
Methane (HHV) 1,000 BTU/SCF
Upgrading Slip (Loss) 1%
Energy potential of upgraded RNG 535 MM BTU/day
Equivalent Diesel Production 3938 DGE/day
Trucks Fueled by System 164 Trucks per day
Potential Fuel Savings (240 days collection) $ 2,873,000.-/year
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29. Agenda
1 Biomethane Incentives
2 Membrane Technology for Gas Upgrading
3 Case Study: Gas Upgrading
4 Membrane Technology and Anaerobic Digestion Integration
5 US Application
6 About Eisenmann
7 Conclusions and Questions
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30. Leading International Supplier
Environmental technology
General finishing
Material handling & conveyor systems
Process and high-temperature technology
1 30
31. Offerings
Green, sustainable engineering
Top quality and reliability
Modular and custom solutions
Detailed system and process solutions
Dedicated industrial service team
Worldwide reference installations
Global services
2 31
32. Facts and Figures
Established 1951; Stuttgart, Germany
12 locations worldwide
US location since late 70‘s; Crystal Lake, IL
3,600 employees
More than 90 biogas facilities
Founding
Member
3 32
33. Eisenmann Biogas
Since 2003 Since 2008 Since 2012
Agricultural Biogas Systems Green Waste Biogas Systems Biogas-Upgrading Systems
Germany, 55 in operation Sweden, 1 in operation Switzerland, 1 in operation
Italy, 28 in operation Switzerland, 3 in operation
Czech Rep., 1 in operation Poland, 1 under construction
USA, 1 under construction
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34. Agenda
1 Biomethane Incentives
2 Membrane Technology for Gas Upgrading
3 Case Study: Gas Upgrading
4 Membrane Technology and Anaerobic Digestion Integration
5 US Application
6 About Eisenmann
7 Conclusions and Questions
34
35. Conclusions
There is a rising demand for biomethane to be used as CNG, especially as transportation fuel
The use of biomethane has many advantages including being a lower cost and clean, alternative fuel
Biomethane can be upgraded to pipeline grade natural gas by using highly selective and permeable
membranes
By using membrane technology,
there is less methane slip
35
36. Questions
Green Engineering
Sustainability is in Our System
36
37. New Website
Introducing Eisenmann’s New Website
www.eisenmann.us.com/biocyclewc13
Available for download:
Today’s presentation
CNG to Fuel your Fleet
(white paper)
Sustainability in an Urban Environment
(white paper)
37
38. Contact
Thomas Gratz
Regional Sales Manager
Phone: (815) 477-8884
E-Mail: thomas.gratz@eisenmann.com
150 East Dartmoor Dr. Crystal Lake, IL 60014
www.eisenmann.us.com
Follow Us:
Eisenmann Corporation Eisenmann Corporation @EISENMANNUSA
38
Editor's Notes
Thank you for the introduction and Biocycle for the great forum. Touch on previous speakers upgrading technology before beginning.
(Insert Description of Format)
There are a number of incentives for renewable energy projects across technologies and geographies. Biomethane, with its capabilities and advantages over other forms of fuel and/or energy, is entirely renewable when derived from biogas and a low carbon alternative fuel.
The US and European markets are very different. In Sweden more than half of the natural gas vehicles are running on biomethane. In fact, the word biogas in Sweden is associated with a vehicle fuel due to this prevalence. Additionally, Germany and Austria have established biomethane vehicle fuel target goals. There are several factors why the markets for biomethane are so different across the world. 1.) The physical size of the US makes for infrastructure challenges 2.) The availability of fossil fuels in the US lead to lower costs per unit of energy which in turn make the financing of biomethane projects more difficult as signing a long-term off-take agreement with a utility or fleet is difficult or impossible 3.) European countries are more like US states than the US in total. An overarching structure for upgraded biogas across the US is problematic due to differing state laws and regulations 4.) Population density – outside of the major cities, the US has very few people over many square miles. The US is the 142 nd ranked country in population density while many EU countries are ranked much higher with 8 in the top 50, including the Netherlands, Belgium, the UK, Germany, Italy and Switzerland.
A vast network of pipelines in the US allows for convenient distribution of upgraded biogas while offering the advantage of lower distribution losses. Electricity grid is an aging, deteriorating system with an increasing costs required to maintain. Power lines and systems are subject or exposed to natural phenomena which increases risk and likelihood of power outages (i.e. Hurricane Sandy) There are currently 400 underground gas storage fields in the US (source: Forbes)
Gas permeation with selective membranes from high-performance polymers Design membrane module Biogas: CH 4 + CO 2 (feed) Biomethane: CH 4 (retentate) Offgas: CO 2 (permeate) Hollow fiber membranes Separation of CO 2 and CH 4 through different gas permeation velocities CH 4 slow CO 2 fast
Speak slowly through the stages!
While these are all advantages, lets focus on two primarily: methane leakage or slippage, and lower operating as well as initial costs. As the rate of return and return on investment are primary drivers in initial project approval, the lower cost of a membrane system can be THE difference as to whether a project is financeable. With the purpose of a biomethane project being production of biomethane, a system which offers less slippage or methane loss during the upgrading process holds obvious benefit: more of the desired output!
If I were in the audience right now, I would be thinking that all of this sounds great in theory but I need to learn about an actual application or system. Let’s explore one such facility.
(Note: What was the technology? This will likely be a question and I need the answer!)
Fueling station for buses is off-site so biomethane is injected. We could reach a higher % of CH4 but it is not necessary with this location or under the regulations As evidenced with the picture on your right, the membranes are within a containerized unit
(Go through the graphs as it may be difficult to see in the room) We chose this case study as it is recent and relevant
Even with energy consumption not directly related to the biomethane conditioning, the energy required is offset by the low rate of slippage associated with the membrane technology. Once again numerous advantages associated with this technology. One we haven’t discussed yet is that with the membrane, one does not need a source of heat for treatment of solution or material. The heat requirement associated with other upgrading technologies leads a facility or system to invest in peripheral equipment such as a boiler and divert a % of biogas to generate said heat.
Standard equipment and technologies shown here. Note: the greater sulfur content in the biogas, the more activated carbon or material needed to absorb this gas is required.
I have discussed and highlighted numerous advantages of the membrane technology. The modularity of the systems can serve benefit both in purification methane as well as treating increased volumes of biogas.
Eisenmann as an organization prides itself upon service and reliability. With this as a core value, our biogas upgrading technology utilizes the latest in remote access technology keeping Eisenmann’s service team and the owner/operator in contact with the system.
Environmental Technology Air and water treatment Anaerobic Digestion We were commissioned by the US Gov’t. to build munitions disposal facility which combines multiple technologies of Eisenmann’s including water treatment, high temperature kilns, exhaust air treatment and others. A very unique project which sets Eisenmann further apart from biogas companies. General Finishing Painting auto bodies, wood, plastics Material Handling Moving autobodies and parts through factories Pallet distribution systems Process and High Temp High temp kilns Ceramic firing lines
This global network and rich history affords Eisenmann opportunities and capabilities few companies, if any, can match. A true solution based company, we will optimize or configure a technology to meet the exact need or desire for a client. Outstanding customer support with a 100% customer satisfaction rating over the past 9 years.
Established in 1951 outside of Stuttgart Germany. Since, we have grown to 12 locations globally. Our US Office was one of the first locations outside of Germany and has been successfully completing projects for over 35 years. We are in Crystal Lake IL in the greater Chicago area. As I like to say it, we are where Chicago meets cornfields. We have 3,600 employees with the vast majority of engineers. To date, we have successfully realized over 90 biogas facilities and broke ground on our first US facility in the greater Chicago area in 4 th Q 2012. And we are one of the founding members of the American Biogas Council who’s goals are promoting environmental stewardship, promoting greenhouse gas reduction, and policy development
Eisenmann installed over 2,500 environmental technology installations, including water treatment, exhaust air purification and waste treatment across the globe. Biogas technology only recently in our company history become a focus and is just a small part of the Eisenmann product portfolio. A company as diverse and deep as Eisenmann has begun allocating more resources toward the biogas industry which lead to our recent development and deployment of the membrane technology. Eisenmann’s primary digester technology is the horizontal plug flow technology. My colleague, John McDowell, will be presenting on this tomorrow afternoon and I strongly encourage you to attend!