This document provides information on producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil. It discusses how petroleum fuels have been the major energy source but are being depleted. Alternative energy sources like biodiesel from biomass and waste are increasingly important. The document outlines objectives to design a small-scale biodiesel production plant using waste cooking oil and an ultrasonic reactor. It describes the transesterification process used to produce biodiesel from oils using alkali catalysts. A local survey finds restaurants use an average of 11 liters of oil per day but leave 7 liters after use. Based on this, the document estimates that from one city per year, over 52,000 liters of used cooking oil could be converted to

2. Biodiesel From Waste
Cooking Oil
PROJECT GUIDE
Prof. S S DHILLON
DEVENDERA SINGH BHOGAL
1508071
GAURAV JAISWAL 1508078
GOBIND 1508082
GURDEEP SINGH 1507886

3. ➢ For the last century, petroleum derived fuels have
been the major source of the world’s energy.
➢ It is predicted that fossil oil will be depleted in the
near future. In addition to that, environmental
concerns have trigged the examination of alternative
energy sources.
➢ Future projections indicate that economics and energy
needs will increase the focus on the production of
synthetic fuels derived from nonpetroleum sources,
including biomass and waste products among others.
Introduction

4. a. To design suitable plant for small-scale
production of biodiesel process from waste
cooking oil.
b. To study the experimental variables for the
production of biodiesel conversion using
ultrasonic tubular reactor
Objectives

5. ✓ There are two basic methods of biodiesel
production from oils and fats.
1. Directed acid catalysed esterification of the
oil with methanol.
2. Conversion of the oil to fatty acids, and then
to methyl esters with acid catalysis.
METHODS

6. ✓ For preparation of biodiesel in the lab alkali catalysed
“Transesterification” is to be used.
✓ Free fatty acids will increase the time required for
heating vegetable oil. Oil which has been used for
cooking will required more of the reactive agents and
methanol than fresh oil.
✓ The presence of too many free fatty acids will retard
or stop the reaction, which produces biodiesel, so it is
necessary to deduce the exact amount of alkali
(sodium hydroxide) needed to neutralise the acids.
✓ Adding too much or too little NaOH will make
excessive amounts of soap as a by-product.
PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL

7. ➢ Heat 250ml of the oil at 60o C to remove moisture content, by using
heating mantle.
➢ Add NaOH into 160 ml of methanol and heat separately. After 15
minutes mix both solutions in a beaker.
➢ Add a magnetic needle to the mixture and place the mixture on the
magnetic stirrer + hotplate and the set the temperature to 60o . Start
the stirring (800-1000 rpm) and continue for about 25-30 minutes.
➢ After 30 minutes transfer the mixture into a separating flask and
shake thoroughly. Leave the mixture to settle for 24 hrs at room
temperature to separate the glycerin and crude biodiesel. Collect the
two fractions in two separate conical flasks.
➢ To improve the quality of biodiesel add equal amount of water into
the conical flask and shake thoroughly and leave the conical flask to
settle. Decant the water out. This can be done twice if required.
Procedure

8. Number
of shop
Oil used
in liter
(per day)
Oil left in
liter (with 4-
5 time use of
oil)
Type of
shop
1 8 5 Small type
2 12 8.5 Large
3 9.5 5 Medium
4 14.5 9 large
LOCAL SERVEY

9. Total quantity of oil is used in one time
(average) = 11 litres
Quantity of oil left after used without adding
extra oil with 4-5 times oil is use (average) = 7
litres
LOCAL SERVEY

10. In one city
Total no
shop
Total
quantity of
oil used in
one year in
one city
Total
quantity of
oil is left
after 4-5
tmes use of
oil (it can’t
use further)
in one year
in one city
Percentage
of oil
wastage per
year
Quantity of
biodesiel
can be
produce
from one
liter waste
oil
approximat
ely
Quantity of
biodesiel
can be
produce in
one year
from one
city
21 83160 liters 52920 liters 63% 0.85 liter 44982 liters