The substitution of fuels known as fossil or traditional, derived from petroleum represents one of the great challenges facing humanity currently. One of the alternatives is to replace the diesel oil using the production of biodiesel. This is a renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils (edible or inedible, new or used) and animal fats that have properties similar to oil.
What It Is and How It Is Made
Learn the basics of biodiesel including biodiesel markets and benefits, production technologies, quality control, distribution and storage issues. A replay of the actual lecture can be found at: www.pccbusiness.com/green
The substitution of fuels known as fossil or traditional, derived from petroleum represents one of the great challenges facing humanity currently. One of the alternatives is to replace the diesel oil using the production of biodiesel. This is a renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils (edible or inedible, new or used) and animal fats that have properties similar to oil.
What It Is and How It Is Made
Learn the basics of biodiesel including biodiesel markets and benefits, production technologies, quality control, distribution and storage issues. A replay of the actual lecture can be found at: www.pccbusiness.com/green
Palm olein from vegetable oil has gained attention as a new renewable energy source to substitute fossil diesel.
This work examines the technical potential of biodiesel produced from palm olein as gas turbine fule in Malaysia.
The studies which cover an investigation into the physical and chemical properties of blended palm olein/diesel oils.
Biodiesel can also be used as a heating fuel in domestic and commercial boilers, a mix of heating oil and biofuel which is standardized and taxed slightly differently from diesel fuel used for transportation. Bioheat fuel is a proprietary blend of biodiesel and traditional heating oil.
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how biodiesel is produced
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what is biodiesel fuel
biodiesel production process description
Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be delivered from straight vegetable oil, creature oil/fats, fat and waste cooking oil. The procedure used to change over these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. The biggest conceivable wellspring of appropriate oil originates from oil yields, for example, rapeseed, palm or soybean. In the UK rapeseed speaks to the best potential for biodiesel creation. Most biodiesel created at present is delivered from squander vegetable oil sourced from eateries, chip shops, modern nourishment makers, for example, Birdseye and so forth. Despite the fact that oil directly from the horticultural business speaks to the best potential source it isn't being delivered economically essentially in light of the fact that the crude oil is excessively costly. After the expense of changing over it to biodiesel has been included it is basically too costly to even think about competing with fossil diesel. Squander vegetable oil can regularly be sourced for nothing or sourced effectively treated at a little cost.
Palm olein from vegetable oil has gained attention as a new renewable energy source to substitute fossil diesel.
This work examines the technical potential of biodiesel produced from palm olein as gas turbine fule in Malaysia.
The studies which cover an investigation into the physical and chemical properties of blended palm olein/diesel oils.
Biodiesel can also be used as a heating fuel in domestic and commercial boilers, a mix of heating oil and biofuel which is standardized and taxed slightly differently from diesel fuel used for transportation. Bioheat fuel is a proprietary blend of biodiesel and traditional heating oil.
biodiesel tax credit extension 2019
biodiesel tax credit news
biodiesel vs diesel
biodiesel prices vs diesel prices
home biodiesel kits
biodiesel tax credit 2019
biodiesel cars
how to make biodiesel
biodiesel tax credit extension 2019
biodiesel tax credit news
biodiesel vs diesel
biodiesel prices vs diesel prices
home biodiesel kits
biodiesel tax credit 2019
biodiesel cars
how to make biodiesel
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
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civil seminar topics ppt
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civil engineering ppt
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how biodiesel is produced
what is biodiesel made of
what is biodiesel used for
biodiesel vs diesel
what is biodiesel b20
disadvantages of biodiesel
what is biodiesel fuel
biodiesel production process description
Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be delivered from straight vegetable oil, creature oil/fats, fat and waste cooking oil. The procedure used to change over these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. The biggest conceivable wellspring of appropriate oil originates from oil yields, for example, rapeseed, palm or soybean. In the UK rapeseed speaks to the best potential for biodiesel creation. Most biodiesel created at present is delivered from squander vegetable oil sourced from eateries, chip shops, modern nourishment makers, for example, Birdseye and so forth. Despite the fact that oil directly from the horticultural business speaks to the best potential source it isn't being delivered economically essentially in light of the fact that the crude oil is excessively costly. After the expense of changing over it to biodiesel has been included it is basically too costly to even think about competing with fossil diesel. Squander vegetable oil can regularly be sourced for nothing or sourced effectively treated at a little cost.
Current updates of swine mycoplasma vaccinesMamta Singh
Current measures do not provide sustainable control of the disease, although they are beneficial from an economic point of view,efforts to develop a more effective vaccine against swine mycoplasma have been proposed and vaccines developed using recombinant DNA technology represents a viable alternative
Presented my Guest Lecture on the topic, "Infections in SICU and ICU" at MAHAMICROCON 2016 - XXII Maharashtra State Conference of Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists on 25th September in Dr. Vaishampayan Memorial Government Medical College, Solapur.
My Guest Lecture at "TROPACON 2011", 5th National Conference of Indian Academy of Tropical Parasitology, 11th-13th November, 2011 at Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Introduction to Biodiesel, its process, history and AdvantagesMd Muqtar Ahmed Khan
An introduction to biodiesel, the typical manufacturing process. Biodiesel production is the process of producing the biofuel, biodiesel, through the chemical reactions of transesterification and esterification. Biodiesel is a liquid biofuel obtained by chemical processes on vegetable oils(used or unused) or animal fats. Due to the rapid decline in crude oil reserves, the use of vegetable oils as diesel fuels is again promoted in many countries. Depending upon climate and soil conditions, different nations are looking into different vegetable oils for diesel fuels.
Biodiesel is produced by transesterification of
triglycérides present in animal fat or vegetable oils, by
displacing glycerine with a low molar mass atcobol. This
resulting ester mixture has physico-chemical properties
similar to those of petroleum diesel.
This paper reviews the synthetic paths that lead to
biodiesel by means of the catalytic transesterification of
vegetable oils. Although methyl esters are at present the only
ones produced at industrial scale, the use of ethanol, which
can also be obtained from renewable resources, has been
considered, since it would generate a cleaner and more
biocompatible fuel.
Biodiesel is one of the most important biofuels today. It is produced by the process called trans-esterfication. Biodiesel is a green energy that decrease the pollutants to air.
Journal of Science and Technology .It's our journal Original Quality Research papers and Strictly No Plagiarism on all the Publications. Journal of Science and Technology Research in practical, theoretical, and experimental Technological studies is the focus of this journal.
A Comparative Analysis of Compression Ignition Engine Characteristics Using P...Editor IJMTER
This paper investigate the scope of utilizing biodiesel with high bland (B20 & B40)
developed from the Methyle alcohol from pongamia oils as an alternative diesel fuel. The major
problem of using neat pongamia oil as a fuel in a compression ignition engine arises due to its very
high viscosity. Transesterification with alcohols reduces the viscosity of the oil and other properties
have been evaluated to be comparable with those of diesel. In the present project work, an
experimental investigation is carried out on performance and emission characteristics of preheated
higher blends of pongamia biodiesel with diesel. The higher blends of fuel is preheated at 60, 75, 90
and 110˚C temperature using waste exhaust gas heat in a shell and tube heat exchanger.
Transesterification process is used to produce biodiesel required for the project from raw pongamia
oil. Experiments were done using B20 and B40 biodiesel blends at different preheating temperature
and for different loading. A significant improvement in performance and emission characteristics of
preheated B40 blend was obtained. B40 blend preheated to 110˚C showed maximum 8.72% and
8.97% increase in brake thermal efficiency over diesel and B20 blend respectively at 75% load. Also
the highest reduction in UBHC emission and smoke opacity values are obtained as 79.41% and
80.6% respectively over diesel and 78.12% and 73.54% respectively over B20 blend for B40 blend
preheated to 110˚C at 75% load. Thus preheating of higher blends of diesel and biodiesel at higher
temperature improves the viscosity and other properties sharply and improves the performance and
emission.
It is a brief presentation made on Biomagnification at different tropic levels. Accumulation of toxic materials over time shows a drastic change and leads to severe consequences. Extinction of species is one of them.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
1. SHREE M. & N. VIRANI SCIENCE COLLEGE, RAJKOT
(ACCREDITED AT THE “A” LEVEL BY NAAC)
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Review Article On
Biodiesel Production
Submitted to
Mrs. Shweta Bhatt
Department of biotechnology
Submitted by
Gautam parmar
(B.Sc. Biotechnology- Sem: 6th)
By gomzzy at 12:28 pm, Oct 15, 2016
2. SHREE M. & N. VIRANI SCIENCE COLLEGE, RAJKOT
(ACCREDITED AT THE “A” LEVEL BY NAAC & STAR COLLEGE BY DBT)
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
Virani/Biotech/2014 Exam Seat No. 245
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that PARMAR GAUTAM has undertaken the Review Articles
entitled Biodiesel Production in Bachelor of Science in Biotechnology prescribed by
Shree Manibhai Virani and Navalben Virani Science College affiliated to Saurashtra
University, Rajkot for the academic year 2014.
Dr. Shivani Patel
Head
Signature of Guide Department of Biotechnology
Shree M. & N. Virani Science College
Rajkot- 360005.
Examiners:
1. Dr. SHIVANI PATEL
Place: RAJKOT
By gomzzy at 12:29 pm, Oct 15, 2016
3. Declaration
I, hereby declare that the review articles entitled, Biodiesel Production which is
being submitted as a partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Science in
Biotechnology, is carried out by me. The information and articles referred from
authors, journals and library are duly acknowledged.
I further declare that this manuscript written by me has not been previously submitted
to this or any other University/Institute/College for any degree/diploma/certificate.
By gomzzy at 12:30 pm, Oct 15, 2016
4. Biodiesel production
Gautam parmar, Shweta Bhatt*
Dept. of Biotechnology, Shree M & N Virani Science College, Rajkot, Gujarat-360005
gparmar183@gmail.com
Abstract
The term biofuel is used here to mean any liquid fuel made from Plant material that can be used
as a substitute for petroleum-derived fuel. Biofuels can include relatively familiar ones, such as
ethanol made from sugar cane or diesel-like fuel made from soybean oil, to less familiar fuels
such as dimethyl ether (DME) or Fischer-Tropsch liquids (FTL) made from Lignocellulosic
biomass. Around 150 years ago the idea of using vegetable oil to produce bio-diesel was
invented and is considered as simple and effective way to produce bio-diesel. Biodiesel
production – Biodiesel production is based on trans-esterification of vegetable oils and fats
through the addition of methanol (or other alcohols) and a catalyst, giving glycerol as a co-
product. Feedstock includes rapeseeds, sunflower seeds, soy seeds and palm oil seeds from
which the oil is extracted chemically or mechanically. Advanced processes include there
placement of methanol of fossil origin, by bioethanol to produce fatty acid ethyl ester instead of
fatty acid methyl ether (the latter being the traditional biodiesel). In order to expand the relatively
small resource base of biodiesel, new processes have been developed to use Recycled cooking
oils and animal fats though these are limited in volume. Hydrogenation of oils and fats is a new
process that is entering the market. It can produce a biodiesel that can be blended with fossil
diesel up to50% without any engine modifications. Synthetic biofuel production via biomass
gasification and Catalytic conversion to liquid using Fischer-Tropsch process (biomass
conversion to liquids BTL) offers a variety of potential biofuel production processes that may be
suited to current and future engine technologies.
Keywords- DME (dimethyl ether, BTL (biomass conversion to liquids), Hydrogenation, FTL (Fischer-Tropsch
liquids), Catalytic.
What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel is simply a liquid fuel derived
By gomzzy at 12:31 pm, Oct 15, 2016
5. from vegetable oils and fats, which has
similar combustion properties to regular
petroleum diesel fuel. Biodiesel can be
produced from straight vegetable oil, animal
oil/fats, tallow and waste cooking oil.
Biodiesel is biodegradable, nontoxic, and
has significantly fewer emissions than
petroleum-based diesel when burned.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to
conventional or “fossil/petroleum” diesel.
The process used to convert these oils to
biodiesel is called transesterification. The
largest possible source of suitable oil comes
from oil crops such as soybean, rapeseed,
corn, and sunflower. At present, oil straight
from the agricultural industry represents the
greatest potential source, but it is not being
used for commercial production of biodiesel
simply because the raw oil is too expensive.
After the cost of converting it to biodiesel
has been added, the price is too high to
compete with petroleum diesel. Waste
vegetable oil can often be obtained for free
or already treated for a small price. One
disadvantage of using waste oil is it must be
treated to remove impurities like free fatty
acids (FFA) before conversion to biodieselis
possible
History:
The concept of using vegetable oil as an
engine fuel likely dates to when Rudolf
Diesel (1858-1913) developed the first
engine to run on peanut oil, as he
demonstrated at the World Exhibition in
Paris in 1900.
Rudolf Diesel
Rudolf Diesel firmly believed the utilization
of a biomass fuel to be the real future of his
engine. He wanted to provide farmers the
opportunity to produce their own fuel. In
1911, he said, "The diesel engine can be fed
with vegetable oils and would help
considerably in the development of
agriculture of the countries which use it."
"The use of vegetable oils for engine fuels
may seem insignificant today. But such
oilsmay become, in the course of time, as
important as the petroleum and coal tar
products of the present time."Rudolf Diesel,
1912 Unfortunately, Rudolf Diesel died in
1913 before his vision of a vegetable oil
powered engine was fully realized. At the
By gomzzy at 12:31 pm, Oct 15, 2016
6. time of Diesel’s death, the petroleum
industry was rapidly developing and
producing a cheap by-product called "diesel
fuel" that would power a modified "diesel
engine". Thus, clean vegetable oil was
forgotten as a renewable source of power.
Modern diesels are now designed to run on a
less viscous (easier flowing) fuel than
straight vegetable oil, but, in times of fuel
shortages, cars and trucks were successfully
run on preheated peanut oil and animal fat.
In the mid 1970’s, fuel shortages spurred
interest in diversifying fuel resources, and
thus biodiesel as fatty esters was developed
as an alternative to petroleum diesel. Later,
in the 1990’s, interest was rising due to the
large pollution reduction benefits coming
from the use of biodiesel. Today's diesel
engines require a clean-burning, stable fuel
that will operate under a variety of
conditions. The resurgence of biodiesel has
been affected by legislation and regulations
in all countries. Many of the regulation and
mandates center around promoting a
country’s agricultural economy, national
security, and reducing climate
pollution/change.
Making Biodiesel: Transesterification
Transesterification of natural glycerides with
methanol to methylesters is a technically
important reaction that has been used
extensively in the soap and detergent
manufacturing industry worldwide for many
years. Almost all biodiesel is produced in a
similar chemical process using base
catalyzed transesterification as it is the most
economical process, requiring only low
temperatures and pressures while producing
a 98% conversion yield. The
transesterification process is the reaction of
a triglyceride (fat/oil) with an alcohol to
form esters and glycerol. A triglyceride has
a glycerin molecule as its base with three
long chain fatty acids attached. The
characteristics of the fat are determined by
the nature of the fatty acids attached to the
glycerin. The nature of the fatty acids can,
in turn, affect the characteristics of the
biodiesel.
During the esterification process, the
triglyceride is reacted with alcohol in the
presence of a catalyst, usually a strong
alkaline like sodium hydroxide. The alcohol
reacts with the fatty acids to form the mono-
alkyl ester, or biodiesel, and crude glycerol.
In most production, methanol or ethanol is
the alcohol used (methanol produces methyl
esters, ethanol produces ethyl esters) and is
By gomzzy at 12:32 pm, Oct 15, 2016
7. base catalyzed by either potassium or
sodium hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide has
been found more suitable for the ethyl ester
biodiesel production, but either base can be
used for methyl ester production.
The figure below shows the chemical
process for methyl ester biodiesel. The
reaction between the fat or oil and the
alcohol is a reversible reaction, so the
alcohol must be added in excess to drive the
reaction towards the right and ensure
complete
conversion.
The products of the reaction are the
biodiesel itself and glycerol. A successful
transesterification reaction is signified by
the separation of the methyl ester (biodiesel)
and glycerol layers after the reaction time.
The heavier co-product, glycerol, settles out
and may be sold as is or purified for use in
other industries, e.g. pharmaceutical,
cosmetics, and detergents.
Feedstock material-
Chinese tallow tree, Seashore Mallow,
Microalgae, Jatropha, peanuts, Sunflower,
rapeseed, Corn, Soybean, Camelina, Canola,
& Brassica Juncea are some the sources for
biodiesel production. They are mainly used
for production of biodiesel. Along with oil it
requires a catalyst to speed up the reaction
and here we use either NaOH or KOH and
last but not the least thing which encourages
the process to become productive is use of
alcohol i.e. either ethanol or methanol.
Characteristic feature-
*Non toxic (its toxicity is less than
10% of than for ordinary table salt).
*Biodegradable (degrades in about
the same time as sugar).
*Essentially free of sulfur and
carcinogenic benzene.
*Derived from renewable, recycled
resources, which don’t add
significantly to the greenhouse gas
accumulation associated with
petroleum derived fuels.
*100% reduction of net carbon
dioxide.
*100% reduction of sulfur dioxide.
*10-50% reduction of carbon
monoxide.
By gomzzy at 12:32 pm, Oct 15, 2016
8. Biodiesel has a viscosity similar to
petroleum diesel and can be used as an
additive in formulations of diesel to
increase the lubricity. Biodiesel can be
used in pure form (B100) or may be
blended with petroleum diesel at any
concentration in most modern diesel
engines. Biodiesel will degrade natural
rubber gaskets and hoses in vehicles
(mostly found in vehicles manufactured
before 1992), although these tend to wear
out naturally and most likely will have
already been replaced with Viton type seals
and hoses which are nonreactive to
biodiesel. Biodiesel's higher lubricity index
compared to petroleum diesel is an
advantage and can contribute to longer fuel
injector life.
Biodiesel is a better solvent than petroleum
diesel and has been known to break down
deposits of residue in the fuel lines of
vehicles that have previously been run on
petroleum diesel. Fuel filters may become
clogged with particulates if a quick
transition to pure biodiesel is made, as
biodiesel “cleans” the engine in the process.
It is, therefore, recommended to change the
fuel filter within 600-800 miles after first
switching to a biodiesel blend.
Biodiesel's commercial fuel quality is
measured by the ASTM standard designated
D 6751. The standards ensure that biodiesel
is pure and the following important factors
in the fuel production process are satisfied:
Complete reaction
Removal of glycerin
Removal of catalyst
Removal of alcohol
Absence of free fatty acids
Low sulfur content
Benefits/Advantages of Biodiesel:
1-Biodiesel is biorenewable. Feedstocks
can be renewed one or more times in a
generation.
2-Biodiesel is carbon neutral. Plants use
the same amount of CO2 to make the oil
that is released when the fuel is burned.
3-Biodiesel is rapidly biodegradable and
completely nontoxic, meaning spillages
represent far less risk than petroleum diesel
spillages.
4-Biodiesel has a higher flash point than
petroleum diesel, making it safer in the
event of a crash.
5-Biodiesel can be made from recycled
vegetable and animal oils or fats.
6-Biodiesel is nontoxic and biodegradable.
By gomzzy at 12:32 pm, Oct 15, 2016
9. It reduces the emission of harmful
pollutants, mainly particulates, from diesel
engines (80% less CO2 emissions, 100%
less sulfur dioxide). But emissions of
nitrogen oxide, the precursor of ozone, are
increased.
7-Biodiesel has a high cetane number of
above 100, compared to only 40 for
petroleum diesel fuel. The cetane number is
a measure of a fuel's ignition quality. The
high cetane numbers of biodiesel contribute
to easy cold starting and low idle noise.
8-The use of biodiesel can extend the life of
diesel engines because it is more lubricating
and, furthermore, power output is relatively
unaffected by biodiesel.
9-Biodiesel replaces the exhaust odor of
petroleum diesel with a more pleasant smell
of popcorn or French fries
Opportunities and Outlook
The initial results from the study
Biodiesel 2020: A Global Market Survey
find that new developers, farmers, feedstock
providers, producers, and investors who can
meet growing demands for supply are
expected to benefit from this emerging
market. In addition, this study finds key
advantages in the future will be available to
producers and investors to supply future
needs with new and improved technologies;
alternative feed stocks with higher yields
such as jatropha and algae biodiesel;
production scalability and flexibility
options; supply chain, distribution and co-
location strategies; innovative risk
management strategies; and industry-
friendly government targets and tax
incentives committed to promoting the
awareness and growth of the industry.
The global markets for biodiesel are
entering a period of rapid, transitional
growth, creating both uncertainty and
opportunity. The first generation biodiesel
markets in Europe and the US have reached
impressive biodiesel production capacity
levels, but remain constrained by feedstock
availability. In the BRIC nations of Brazil,
India and China, key government initiatives
are spawning hundreds of new
By gomzzy at 12:33 pm, Oct 15, 2016
10. opportunities for feedstock development,
biodiesel production, and expor Biodiesel
feedstock markets world-wide are in
transition from increasingly expensive first
generation feedstocks soy, rapeseed and
palm oil to alternative, lower cost, non-food
feedstocks. As a result, a surge in demand
for alternative feedstocks is driving new
growth opportunities in the sector.
Who are using Biodiesel?
Biodiesel can be used in any diesel engine
. Here are some maui biodiesel pioneers
*Pacific biodiesel – 6 trucks
*Shaun stenshol/pam wolf – 2000
volkswagen golf TDI (over 70,000
miles)
*Maui Recycling Service – 5 recycling
trucks(combined, over 165000 miles)
*Paul Brandt – 1981 Volkswagon
truck(over 50,000 miles)
* Woody Harrelson – 2000 Volkswagon
Beetle TDI
* Willie Nelson – Volkswagon jetta TDI,
2004 Mercedes, Ford Excursion
* Maui Country – 20% blend (B20) in most
Country vehicles
*Maui EKO Compost – tractors
* Pukalani golf course –well pump
*Maui Community College – generator
Several condominiums use biodiesel in
generators. Biodiesel is extensively used in
Europe, especially in Germany and France.
Conclusion-
As a substitute for fast depleting fossil fuel.
Biodiesel had come to stay. In future, it
should also serve to reduce and maintain
the price of automobile fuel. The under
exploited and unexploited vegetable oils are
good sources of biofuels. Our country is
endowed with many such plants. Research
is being carried out now to convert
vegetable oils into biodiesel through
biotechnological processes.
A national mission on biodiesel has already
been proposed by the committee
comprising six micro missions covering all
aspects of plantation, procurement of seed,
extraction of oil, transesterification,
blending & trade, and research and
development. Diesel forms nearly 40% of
the energy consumed in the form of
hydrocarbon fuels, and its demand is
estimated at 40 million tons.
Today 21 countries worldwide produce
Biodiesel. By developing methods to use
cheap and low quality lipids as feed stocks,
it is hoped that a cheaper biodiesel can be
produced, thus competing economically
with petroleum resources
By gomzzy at 12:33 pm, Oct 15, 2016
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By gomzzy at 12:33 pm, Oct 15, 2016