The document discusses renewable energy sources like biofuels that are produced from biological processes rather than geological processes. It notes that in 2018, India approved a National Biofuel Policy to encourage alternative fuels and joined other countries in operating biofuel powered flights. Biofuels can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the aviation industry. The rest of the document discusses a study on the potential of using olive oil methyl ester blends as an alternative fuel. It describes the process of transesterification to produce biodiesel from olive oil and the setup used to test the performance and emissions of biodiesel blends in a diesel engine.
Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be delivered from straight vegetable oil, creature oil/fats, fat and waste cooking oil. The procedure used to change over these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. The biggest conceivable wellspring of appropriate oil originates from oil yields, for example, rapeseed, palm or soybean. In the UK rapeseed speaks to the best potential for biodiesel creation. Most biodiesel created at present is delivered from squander vegetable oil sourced from eateries, chip shops, modern nourishment makers, for example, Birdseye and so forth. Despite the fact that oil directly from the horticultural business speaks to the best potential source it isn't being delivered economically essentially in light of the fact that the crude oil is excessively costly. After the expense of changing over it to biodiesel has been included it is basically too costly to even think about competing with fossil diesel. Squander vegetable oil can regularly be sourced for nothing or sourced effectively treated at a little cost.
The Production of Biodiesel from Human Faeces – A Constituent of Sewage Sludg...ijtsrd
The Lipid oil was extracted from reduced dried primary sewage sludge particle using soxh let extraction method with the mixture of chloroform and n hexane in ratio 2 1 as the extracting solvent. The extracted oil was transesterified to produce biodiesel. The lipid gave 7.969 percentage yield with density of 0.855g ml, specific gravity value of 0.855. The chemical analyses revealed acid value of 0.84mg NaOH g, free fatty acid value of 0.40 and saponification value was 1.30mg. The lipid oil was brownish black in colour with a pungent smell. The physicochemical analyses of the biodiesel produced gave a percentage yield of 32 biodiesel, density of 0.834Kg ml, pH value of 8.97, specific gravity of 0.834, acid value of 0.29mg KOH g,saponification value of 1.30 mg, free fatty acid value of 0.145 It is thus apparent that the feedstock primary sewage sludge may be a good source for the production of biodiesel. Ivwurie, W | Ekekhor, I. M "The Production of Biodiesel from Human Faeces – A Constituent of Sewage Sludge using Chloroform and N-Hexane" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33359.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/33359/the-production-of-biodiesel-from-human-faeces-–-a-constituent-of-sewage-sludge-using-chloroform-and-nhexane/ivwurie-w
Optimization of biodiesel production from sunflower oil usingAmanda Susanne
Macroestructura textual referente a la tesis siguiente: http://saia.psm.edu.ve/moodle/pluginfile.php/75822/mod_resource/content/1/OPTIMIZATION%20OF%20BIODIESEL%20PRODUCTION.pdf para la materia de Inglés Técnico.
Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be delivered from straight vegetable oil, creature oil/fats, fat and waste cooking oil. The procedure used to change over these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. The biggest conceivable wellspring of appropriate oil originates from oil yields, for example, rapeseed, palm or soybean. In the UK rapeseed speaks to the best potential for biodiesel creation. Most biodiesel created at present is delivered from squander vegetable oil sourced from eateries, chip shops, modern nourishment makers, for example, Birdseye and so forth. Despite the fact that oil directly from the horticultural business speaks to the best potential source it isn't being delivered economically essentially in light of the fact that the crude oil is excessively costly. After the expense of changing over it to biodiesel has been included it is basically too costly to even think about competing with fossil diesel. Squander vegetable oil can regularly be sourced for nothing or sourced effectively treated at a little cost.
The Production of Biodiesel from Human Faeces – A Constituent of Sewage Sludg...ijtsrd
The Lipid oil was extracted from reduced dried primary sewage sludge particle using soxh let extraction method with the mixture of chloroform and n hexane in ratio 2 1 as the extracting solvent. The extracted oil was transesterified to produce biodiesel. The lipid gave 7.969 percentage yield with density of 0.855g ml, specific gravity value of 0.855. The chemical analyses revealed acid value of 0.84mg NaOH g, free fatty acid value of 0.40 and saponification value was 1.30mg. The lipid oil was brownish black in colour with a pungent smell. The physicochemical analyses of the biodiesel produced gave a percentage yield of 32 biodiesel, density of 0.834Kg ml, pH value of 8.97, specific gravity of 0.834, acid value of 0.29mg KOH g,saponification value of 1.30 mg, free fatty acid value of 0.145 It is thus apparent that the feedstock primary sewage sludge may be a good source for the production of biodiesel. Ivwurie, W | Ekekhor, I. M "The Production of Biodiesel from Human Faeces – A Constituent of Sewage Sludge using Chloroform and N-Hexane" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33359.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/33359/the-production-of-biodiesel-from-human-faeces-–-a-constituent-of-sewage-sludge-using-chloroform-and-nhexane/ivwurie-w
Optimization of biodiesel production from sunflower oil usingAmanda Susanne
Macroestructura textual referente a la tesis siguiente: http://saia.psm.edu.ve/moodle/pluginfile.php/75822/mod_resource/content/1/OPTIMIZATION%20OF%20BIODIESEL%20PRODUCTION.pdf para la materia de Inglés Técnico.
performance and emission radiation using of indianIJAEMSJORNAL
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio – fuels, for this fruit like Indian Pomegranate seed oil as bio – diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Pomegranate fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Indian Pomegranate seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Indian Jujube seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-dieselIJCMESJOURNAL
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio – fuels, for this fruit like Sapodilla seed oil as bio – diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Sapodilla fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Sapodilla seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Sapodilla seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIESEL ON A 4 STROKE DIESEL EN...NAGADARSHAN REDDY
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS ON A FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE BY USING BIODIESEL BLENDS AS FUEL
SV UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI
This presentation shows the chemical reaction involved in preparation of biodiesel (ie. transesterification of long chained fatty acids). Jatropha is the most popular and most suitable oil seed in India for producing Biodiesel. This presentation shows Jatropha availability in India. Further, it also shows the test results of different biodiesel blends on 3100 HP locomotive engine that was performed in Research Designs and Standards Organization(RDSO), Lucknow.
Due to increase demand of energy, increasing price
of petroleum fuels, depletion of petroleum fuels, and
environmental pollution by these fuel emissions, it is very
necessary to find the alternative fuels. This work focused on use
of hybrid blends of Karanja and Cottonseed oil Biodiesels. In this
work 20% and 25% blends are used and the performance and
emission tests were conducted on single cylinder, 4-stroke, water
cooled CI engine by running the engine at a speed of 1500rpm, at
a compression ratio of 16.5:1 and at an injection pressure of
205bar and performance parameters like BP, BSFC, BTE and
the emissions like CO, HC and NOx are compared. It was found
that the blends gave comparatively good results in respect of
performance and emissions.
A Study On The Performance And Combustion Of A Diesel Engine Fuelled With B...theijes
This paper highlights the performance and combustion of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine operated on blends of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. An additive Diethyl ether (DEE) has been added in three different proportions to B20 blended fuel to study the effect of additive on the performance and combustion of the diesel engine. Our results conclude that the break thermal efficiencies of the diesel engine show an increasing trend with both blended fuels and additive mixed blended fuels, slightly higher than the case of pure diesel fuel.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Pongamia Pinnata is the scientific name of Karanja. It is a medium sized tree that is plentily found alloverOdisha. There are a lot of research is going on regarding production of Biodiesel from Karanja oil but the main objective of the paper is the production and implementation of Glycerol from Karanja oil. Alcohol glycerol, a clear, colorless, viscous, sweet-tasting liquid belonging to the family of organic compounds; molecular formula HOCH2CHOHCH2OH. In this experiment we have produced Biodiesel as well as Glycerol as a byproduct but we have focused mainly on the formation of the Glycerol and its application. So in a different view point,if the production of value added glycerol can be increased within the same cost of biodiesel production, overall cost of biodiesel can be reduced to an optimum level. The effective utilization of crude glycerol will contribute to the viability of biodiesel. In this experiment, we have taken non edible Karanja oil for preparation of Glycerol by transesterification of crude oil with methanol in presence of NaOH/KOH as catalyst and yielded of approximately 11% (w/w) glycerol.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
performance and emission radiation using of indianIJAEMSJORNAL
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio – fuels, for this fruit like Indian Pomegranate seed oil as bio – diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Pomegranate fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Indian Pomegranate seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Indian Jujube seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
Emission Analysis of Sapodilla seed oil as bio-dieselIJCMESJOURNAL
The study in made to replace the existing diesel fuel with the bio – fuels, for this fruit like Sapodilla seed oil as bio – diesel is utilized. The main objective of this work is to discuss the impact of biodiesel from Sapodilla fruit seed oil bio-diesel on performance, combustion and emission characteristics diesel. In this study, the effect of bio-diesel from fruit seed oil [Sapodilla seed oil] and its blends on a single cylinder Kirloskar TV-1 diesel engine were investigated. In this work, the performance, combustion and emission analysis were conducted. The tests were performed at steady state conditions with the blend ratio of B25, B50, B75 and B100. These represent the ratio of biodiesel in the blend and the rest diesel. The aim of this investigation was to reformulate the fuel to utilize the biodiesel and its blend to enhance the fuels performance, combustion characteristic and to reduce the pollution from the engine. In this work only Sapodilla seed oil bio-diesel is utilized for the experimental work. The experimental results reveal a marginal decrease in brake thermal efficiency when compared to that of sole fuel. In this investigation, the emission test were done with the help of AVL DI gas analyzer, in which CO, HC and NOx are appreciably reduced on the other hand smoke, CO2 have marginal increased when compared to that of sole fuel. In this work combustion analysis also made with the help of AVL combustion analyzer in which bio diesel blend shows the better result when compared with diesel.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIODIESEL ON A 4 STROKE DIESEL EN...NAGADARSHAN REDDY
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS ON A FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE BY USING BIODIESEL BLENDS AS FUEL
SV UNIVERSITY, TIRUPATI
This presentation shows the chemical reaction involved in preparation of biodiesel (ie. transesterification of long chained fatty acids). Jatropha is the most popular and most suitable oil seed in India for producing Biodiesel. This presentation shows Jatropha availability in India. Further, it also shows the test results of different biodiesel blends on 3100 HP locomotive engine that was performed in Research Designs and Standards Organization(RDSO), Lucknow.
Due to increase demand of energy, increasing price
of petroleum fuels, depletion of petroleum fuels, and
environmental pollution by these fuel emissions, it is very
necessary to find the alternative fuels. This work focused on use
of hybrid blends of Karanja and Cottonseed oil Biodiesels. In this
work 20% and 25% blends are used and the performance and
emission tests were conducted on single cylinder, 4-stroke, water
cooled CI engine by running the engine at a speed of 1500rpm, at
a compression ratio of 16.5:1 and at an injection pressure of
205bar and performance parameters like BP, BSFC, BTE and
the emissions like CO, HC and NOx are compared. It was found
that the blends gave comparatively good results in respect of
performance and emissions.
A Study On The Performance And Combustion Of A Diesel Engine Fuelled With B...theijes
This paper highlights the performance and combustion of a single cylinder four stroke diesel engine operated on blends of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. An additive Diethyl ether (DEE) has been added in three different proportions to B20 blended fuel to study the effect of additive on the performance and combustion of the diesel engine. Our results conclude that the break thermal efficiencies of the diesel engine show an increasing trend with both blended fuels and additive mixed blended fuels, slightly higher than the case of pure diesel fuel.
Evaluation of Biodiesel as an Alternate Fuel to Compression Ignition Engine a...IJMER
To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternate fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel offer a very promising alternate to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Further it can be used with/without any modifications to the engine. It is an oxygenated fuel and emissions of carbon monoxide are less unlike fossil fuels, the use of biodiesel does not contribute to global warming as CO2 emitted is once again absorbed by the plants grown for vegetable oil/biodiesel production, thus CO2 balance is maintained. In the present work the Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil (Biodiesel) at various blends is used with pure diesel to study its effect on performance and emission characteristics of the engine. The performance of the engine under different operating conditions and blends are compared by calculating the brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption by using pure diesel and adding various blends of Honge and Jatropha Curcas oil to diesel. The exhaust gas analyzers and smoke meters are used to find the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions.
Pongamia Pinnata is the scientific name of Karanja. It is a medium sized tree that is plentily found alloverOdisha. There are a lot of research is going on regarding production of Biodiesel from Karanja oil but the main objective of the paper is the production and implementation of Glycerol from Karanja oil. Alcohol glycerol, a clear, colorless, viscous, sweet-tasting liquid belonging to the family of organic compounds; molecular formula HOCH2CHOHCH2OH. In this experiment we have produced Biodiesel as well as Glycerol as a byproduct but we have focused mainly on the formation of the Glycerol and its application. So in a different view point,if the production of value added glycerol can be increased within the same cost of biodiesel production, overall cost of biodiesel can be reduced to an optimum level. The effective utilization of crude glycerol will contribute to the viability of biodiesel. In this experiment, we have taken non edible Karanja oil for preparation of Glycerol by transesterification of crude oil with methanol in presence of NaOH/KOH as catalyst and yielded of approximately 11% (w/w) glycerol.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
d9biodiesel-pydideviprasad-210725043343.pdf
1.
2. • RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: Renewable energy is energy that
has been derived from earth's natural resources that are not finite or
exhaustible,a journey to Infinity are termed as Renewable Energy
Sources.
• BIOFUEL : Biofuel is a fuel that is produced through contemporary
biological processes rather than a fuel produced by geological processes
over long period of time (like fossil fuels produced from prehistoric
biological matter),Biodiesel's physical properties are similar to those of
petroleum diesel.
3. ●In May 2018, Union Government of India approved the National Biofuel
Policy to encourage sustainable and alternative fuels and also to cut down
its dependence on imports of fossil fuel oils. In August 2018, India has
joined elite group of countries (others being US, Canada and Australia)
that operate biofuel powered flights.
●Aviation sector is one of the largest emitters of Green House Gas
worldwide (at 2% of the total human induced GHG emissions). So, the
sector’s transition to sustainable and renewable fuels is crucial to meet
international climate targets as said in 2015 Paris Agreement.
● It is said that net Carbon emissions in using biofuel is very low (as the
CO2 produced in burning the fuel is neutralized by CO2 used in growing
plants for biofuels in there photosynthesis process). So it is a good
alternative to Aviation Turbine Fuel.Also, Biofuel is said to increase the
fuel efficiency
4. • The Biofuel used to fly the aircraft
of Spice Jet from Dehradun to Delhi
was developed by Indian Institute
of Petroleum, Dehradun using
Jatropha plant seeds.Farmers from
Chhattisgarh were involved in
growing the plants.
5. :- It is conventional biofuel derived from food crops
grown on arable land. Biodiesel or Ethanol is obtained by
transesterification/ fermentation of sugar, starch or vegetable oil. It is a
clean has and is widely used in Brazil to run vehicles.
:- These are advanced biofuel manufactured by
chemical and physical treatments of biomass. Feedstock like Jatropha,
Soyabeans, Rapseed, animal fats, etc are used.
:- It uses Algae as a source of energy.
- It includes electrofuel and photobiological solar
fuel. They do not require destruction of biomass.
6.
7.
8. • This Project deals with the study of the potential substitution of Olive oil
methyl ester (OME) blends for diesel as fuel for automobiles and other
industrial purposes. Biodiesel was prepared from the Olive oil by
transesterification with methanol in the presence of NaOH or KOH as
catalyst.
• The objective of this study is the analysis of the performance and
emission characteristics of the olive oil and comparing with petroleum
diesel. The tests were carried out on a single cylinder, direct injection,
Water-cooled diesel engine. The fuel properties of olive oil and its blend
with diesel fuel from 10% to 40% by volume are studied by using
results. Engine tests have been carried out with the aim of obtaining
comparative measures of Brake power, specific fuel consumption,
brake thermal efficiency and emissions such as CO2, CO, HC, O2 and
NOX to evaluate and compute the behaviour of the diesel engine.
13. ▪MOTOR
TYPE:12 V DC
SPEED : 500RPM
TORQUE : 2 KG-CM
▪HEATER
POWER : 6000 W
▪THERMOSTAT
RANGE : 30-1100C
▪THERMOMETER
RANGE: -10 TO 2500C
▪GLASS BEAKERS
CAPACITY : 1LITRE
▪POTENTIOMETER
Range : 0 to 220 v.
14.
15. Initially, take Olive oil (500ml) in a beaker.
Heat the oil for about 60 min at 54˚c.
Now mix the NaOH pellets (1.9grams) with methanol (100ml) in a beaker and allow it to
dissolve.
Now dissolve the solution slowly in heated oil and stir it continuously, until they mix each
other.
16. Separate the oil from the glycerin.
Obtained oil is treated with water, so that soap bubbles are removed.
This process is repeated for 4-5 times.
Now again this solution is heated about 105°c.
Finally, biofuel is obtained.
17. ►
Initially, 1.9g of NaOH (catalyst)
is blended with100ml of
methanol then this solution is
added to Olive oil (500ml) and
heated with the help of heating
setup about 55°-58°C.
During heating ,place a
thermometer in the oil for
knowing the temperature of oil.
Heat the oil until glycerin is
formed.
18. ►
After heating, glycerin is formed
at the bottom and then we have
to separate the oil and glycerin.
20. ►
After separation of bubbles formation then heat
the oil to remove the water content from the oil
about (110°C).
21. COMPARISION OF PROPERTIES OF BIO DIESEL FROM JULIFLORA OIL
(B100),B10,B20,B30,B40 WITH STANDARD BIO DIESEL
Olive
oil
22. The setup enables study of engine
performance for brake power,
indicated power, frictional power,
BMEP, IMEP, brake thermal efficiency,
indicated thermal efficiency,
Mechanical efficiency, volumetric
efficiency, specific fuel consumption,
A/F ratio.
23. •Online measurements and performance analysis
•PΘ-PV plots, performance plots and tabulated results
•Data logging, editing, printing and export
•Configurable graphs
•IP, IMEP, FP indication
•Combustion analysis
•Valve timing diagram study
24. B-0 blend means 0% of biodiesel and 100% of pure diesel
B-10 blend means 10% of biodiesel and 90% of pure diesel
B-20 blend means 20% of biodiesel and 80% of pure diesel
B-30 blend means 30% of biodiesel and 70% of pure diesel
B-40 blend means 40% of biodiesel and 60% of pure diesel
25. • Load acting .
•Time taken for 20 grams fuel consumption in seconds(t).
•Manometer reading (cm).
•Inlet & Exhaust temperature of air.
•Emission values (CO2, CO, HC, NOx).
•The experiment is repeated for different loads.
•All the above values are noted for different blends.
26.
27.
28. NOx
Brake Power KW
Brake Power vs NOx
DIESEL
B10 JFME
B20 JFME
B30 JFME
B40 JFME
Brake
Thermal
Efficiency
Brake Power KW
Brake Power vs Brake Thermal Efficiency
DIESEL
B10 JFME
B20 JFME
B30 JFME
B40 JFME
29. A research has been conducted regarding use of vegetable oils as fuel.
So many journals are available on this context. Many of them conducted
various tests on it such as using it as alternate fuel source etc. Some of
them conducted tests and found the best configuration to arrange the
setup based on those test results and trial and error methods. The
following are the that are related to the project.
● “Biodiesel production from palm oil” by G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao
→Palm oil was transesterified using NaOH as catalyst and methanol to
form biodiesel. The conversion was 92% at 60◦c.
30. ● “Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil by Alkali
Catalysed Transesterification Process” by Venkata Ramesh
Mamilla, G. Lakshmi Narayana Rao and G.Deepa Lakshmi
→Bio Diesel was prepared from used vegetable oil, the properties
resembled closely to that of commercial Diesel. Hence it can be used
as an alternate for diesel. It is relatively economic than diesel and emits
less pollutants. It can be used for Vehicular use, Railway usage, as
heating oil when blended with other fuel oil in proportion.