This document discusses biodiesel production through transesterification of vegetable oils. Transesterification involves reacting triglycerides with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce glycerin and fatty acid esters known as biodiesel. Biodiesel has benefits like being renewable and reducing emissions but also drawbacks such as potentially higher NOx emissions and reduced performance compared to petroleum diesel. Using waste vegetable oils as a feedstock can help reduce the costs of biodiesel production while providing environmental benefits.

1. ABSTRACT
Petroleum product resources are limited and Trans esterification is the process of reacting a triglyceride
their consumption is increasing very fast molecule with an excess of alcohol in the presence of a catalyst
with globalization and high technology (KOH, NaOH, NaOCN3, etc.) to produce glycerin and fatty esters.
development since last decade. Since the
The mixture of fatty esters produced by this reaction is known as
prices of these products are on the rise at any
biodiesel.The properties of the biodiesel fuel are determined by the
given time, there is a need to search for an
alternate or unconventional source of amounts of each fatty acid used to produce the esters.
energy, which would fuel our vehicles
without any major vehicle modification .The BENEFITS DRAWBACKS
solution to these problems can be obtained • Substitute or extender for petroleum • NOx emissions are
by utilizing the vegetable oils. diesel. higher, since bio-diesel tends
Especially, some vegetable oils like • No need of any special pumps or high to increase NOx emissions.
Jatropha, Mahua, Neem are chosen because pressure equipment for fueling. • Engine performance (fuel
some of their properties resembled diesel. • No need to buy special vehicles or economy, torque, and
Even waste cooking oil from restaurants and engines to run on bio-diesel. power) is less than that of
food chains are considered viable feedstock • 100 % bio diesel reduces carbon dioxide diesel by 8% to 15%, because
for biodiesel production .Moreover biodiesel emissions by more than 75 %compared to of the lower energy content
production has become more attractive due petroleum diesel. of the bio-diesel (121,000 Btu
to its environmental benefits as plant and compared to 135,000 Btu for
• Using a blend of 20 % bio-diesel reduces
vegetable oils are renewable biomass diesel fuel).
carbon dioxide emissions by 15 %.
sources .The use of biodiesel will not be
• Biodiesel is an oxygenated fuel, so it • Since its pour point and
good for environment but also will help
contributes to a more complete fuel burn cloud point is around -10, it
reduce fuel prices as its production costs are
lesser than conventional sources of and a greatly improved emissions profile. solidifies at that temperature
petroleum. • Biodiesel produces fewer during winter in European
Keywords:-Biodiesel ,Vegetable oil particulate, carbon monoxide, greenhouse and American Countries.
, Feedstock ,Unconventional sources. gases and sulfur dioxide emissions • Gum formation and piston
, reducing public health risks. sticking would occur under
• It will reduce the country's dependence long-term use due to the
on imported oil. presence of glycerin.
• Its flash point is > 150°C, compared to
bio diesel production cost 77°C for petroleum diesel. Hence, it is safe
to handle, store, and transport.
8 • Has superior lubrication capabilities and
increases engine life.
7 • Easily decomposes biologically and in the
6 case of an accident. No harm is done to
5 soil or ground water.
4
3 Conclusion :-Oil feedstock cost is the major cost of bio diesel production
2 so by using waste cooking oil as feedstock will not only help to reduce
1 production cost but will also help to solve the problems faced during the
0 disposal of waste oils . Also we can reduce our dependency on the fossil fuels
which will help to solve many environmental issues and also will help
oil feed depreciation labour energy chemical maintenance
improve the biodiesel economics .
feedstock
Poster prepared by UPES Students