Biodiesel is an elective fuel like regular or 'fossil' diesel. Biodiesel can be delivered from straight vegetable oil, creature oil/fats, fat and waste cooking oil. The procedure used to change over these oils to Biodiesel is called transesterification. This procedure is depicted in more detail beneath. The biggest conceivable wellspring of appropriate oil originates from oil yields, for example, rapeseed, palm or soybean. In the UK rapeseed speaks to the best potential for biodiesel creation. Most biodiesel created at present is delivered from squander vegetable oil sourced from eateries, chip shops, modern nourishment makers, for example, Birdseye and so forth. Despite the fact that oil directly from the horticultural business speaks to the best potential source it isn't being delivered economically essentially in light of the fact that the crude oil is excessively costly. After the expense of changing over it to biodiesel has been included it is basically too costly to even think about competing with fossil diesel. Squander vegetable oil can regularly be sourced for nothing or sourced effectively treated at a little cost.

1. BIODIESELPRODUCTIONFROMWASTECOOKING OIL
Submitted by
TUHIN SAMANTA

2. INTRODUCTION
Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain
alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by transesterification of waste cooking oil
or animal fat. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engine. It is a renewable
energy. All used waste cooking oil are suitable for biodiesel. It produced from
renewable plant or animal feedstock's which contain long chain fatty acid.
Cooking oil have lower carbon content then diesel. Cooking oil have higher
density then diesel, but lower energy content.
Definition- Biodiesel is a clean renewable fuel derived from plant and animal oils
and fats.

3. AIM AND OBJECTIVE
To production of biodiesel by transesterification of waste cooking oil.
 To analyses physiochemical properties of the biodiesel.
 Biodiesel as an alternative fuel without much alternation in existing vehicle
technologies.
 Comparative study with Diesel.
 Biodiesel as a fuel and industry for Emerging India.
 Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi said Biofuel is very important for India, then
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) launched
RUCO(Repurpose Used Cooking Oil) initiative to enable collection and conversion
of used cooking oil to biodiesel.

4. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
• Waste cooking oil-revolution biodiesel production.
A. Jha (Journal of Fermentation Technology, 2017, Vol 6, 143.)
In this manner searching for the ecofriendly way to create trade for the petroleum based fuel like diesel is the current
undertaking for green technologists. Remembering these issues, Biodiesel, a clean sustainable power source has
drawn attention to the world owing to its non-toxicity, biodegradability, and superior efficiency.
• Different techniques for the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil .
A. A. Refaat (International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2010, Vol 7, 183-213.)
This study highlights the main changes occurring in the oil during frying in order to identify the characteristics of oil
after frying and the anticipated effects of the products formed in the frying process on biodiesel quality and
attempts to review the different techniques used in the production of biodiesel from recycled oils, stressing the
advantages and limitations of each technique and the optimization conditions for each process.

5. ADVANTAGES
 Biodiesel is environmental friendly.
 It is safer than conventional diesel.
 It can be made from waste products.
 Renewable fuel.
 Low harmfulness.
 Lubricity is improved over that of regular diesel.
 Nontoxic.

6. MATERIALS
Waste cooking oil: Diesel has a chain of 11-13 carbons and new cooking oil has a chain of
about 18 but wasted cooking oil which is heated has chains of up to 32 carbons. To burn
in an engine, the chain needs to be broken down to be similar in length to diesel.
Source- Collected from India mart & local restaurant.
Potassium Hydroxide : It is the catalyst for transesterification and works by cracking the
cooking oil molecules, splitting the triglyceride from the hydrocarbons and shortening the
carbon chain.
Source- Collected from Medinee Biotech shop.
Methanol: a little amount of methanol is necessary in order to get the highest yield. If 90%
yield is obtain that means 90% fatty acids have been eliminated from the cooking oil.
Source- Collected from Medinee Chemicals shop.

7. METHOD
Transesterification
Transesterification is a chemical reaction where triglyceride is reacted with
alcohol in the presence of catalyst to produce alkyl esters. Biodiesel is
produced by the transesterification process.
Every 100 gallons of oil produces about 100 gallons of biodiesel and 10 gallons
of glycerol.

8. • Filter waste cooking oil by using filter paper.
• 400 ml of waste cooking oil was measured and poured into 500 ml conical flask and
heated to a temperature of (50°C-60°C) for 10 minutes.
• A solution of potassium methoxide was prepared in a 250 ml beaker using 4 gm of
potassium hydroxide pellet and 60 ml of methanol. The solution was appropriately
stirred until potassium hydroxide pellet was totally dissolved. The potassium
methoxide solution poured into the waste cooking oil .
• The mixed solution was placed in the water bath for (60-90) minutes to bring its
temperature to 60°C.
• Then the mixture was then allowed to settle for 24 hours in a burette.
• While the lower layer of Glycerol and Soap, and the upper layer is crude biodiesel.

9. • Then collect crude biodiesel and glycerol to separate container.
• Water was then used to wash the crude biodiesel to remove any excess glycerol and
soap. This was done until the clear water was seen below the biodiesel in the
burette/separating funnel.
• The washed sample was dried by placing it on a hot plate and excess water still in the
biodiesel was removed.
• Then the quantity of pure biodiesel collected was measured and recorded.

10. FLOW DIAGRAM FOR BIODIESEL
PRODUCTION

11. RESULT & DISCUSSION
Laboratory evaluations of synthesized on diesel were conducted using standard
methods and comparing the values with Indian standards for biodiesel.
Property Unit Limits Waste cooking
dieselMinimum Maximum
Density at 150
c
Kg/m3 860 900 878
Viscosity at
400c
mm2/s 2.0 6.0 4.415
Acid value KOH/g - 0.5 0.6
Carbon
residue
% mass - 0.3 0.2
Pour point C - 6 6
Flash point C 120 - 135

12.  Density- The relation between mass and volume.
 Viscosity- Viscosity is defined as the resistance to flow of a liquid or gas.
 Acid Value- It is the number of milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the
free fatty acids present in one gram of fat. It is a measure of the free fatty
acids (FFA) present in the fat or oil.
 Carbon residue - It is defined as the carbonaceous residue formed after
thermal destruction of a sample.
 Pour Point- The pour point of a liquid is the temperature below which the
liquid loses its flow characteristics.
 Flash Point- The lowest temperature at which a liquid produces enough vapor
to ignite.

13. ECONOMICS
Quality(ml) Rate/L Cost(Rs) Revenue(Rs)
Oil 400ml 25₹/L 10 -
Reagents 4gm 520₹/kg 2.08 -
Methanol 60ml 480₹/L 28.8 -
Glycerin 40ml 420₹/L - 16.8
Total Cost = (10+2.08+28.8) -16.8
= 40.88-16.8
= 24.08
Biodiesel= 360ml = 24.08₹
1000ml = 66.88₹
Glycerin= 40ml
= 16.8₹

14. FUTURE PLAN
 Biodiesel oil sample will send to the laboratory for test.
 Biodiesel sample will testing in Diesel engine.
 And after complete the work then will published this work.

15. CONCLUSIONS
In this study, biodiesel was successfully produced using waste cooking oil by using
transesterification. These fuel can be used in any diesel engine without any
modification. It is eco-friendly, degradable, non toxic and free from sulphur.
Biodiesel is clean burning alternative fuel. It’s provide superior lubricating
properties and help to extend engine life.

16. REFERENCES
• Jha. A. and Das. A. (2017). Waste cooking oil-revolution biodiesel production. Journal of
Fermentation Technology, 6(2). 143.
• Refaat. A. (2010). Different techniques for the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable
oil. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(1). 183-213.
• Shereena. K. M. and Thangaraj. T. (2009). Biodiesel: an alternative fuel produced from
vegetable oils by transesterification. Electronic Journal of Biology, 5(5). 67-74.
• Udeh. A. B. (2017). Biodiesel production from waste vegetable oil (Sunflower) obtained from
fried chicken and plantain. Journal of Petroleum and Environmental Biotechnology, 8(2). 1-4.
• Abed. A. K. and Sayed. M. M. (2018). Effect of waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance
and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(4). 985-989.
• Musa. A. I. (2016). The effects of alcohol to oil molar rations and type of alcohol on biodiesel
production using transesterification process. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 25(1). 21-31.
• Sudhir. C. V. and Mohanan. P. (2007). Potential of waste cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock.
Emirates Journal for Engineering Research, 12(3). 69-75.