This document discusses biodiesel production from karanja oil. It introduces biodiesel as an alternative fuel made from vegetable oils and animal fats that can substitute for or be blended with diesel fuel. It then discusses different methodologies for biodiesel production, including direct use/blending of vegetable oils, microemulsions, pyrolysis, and transesterification. The document focuses on transesterification, the most common process, where triglycerides from oils react with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst to produce fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerol. It notes various catalysts used, advantages of biodiesel, and non-edible oil resources in

1. Kalyani Charitable Trust’s
Late G. N. SAPKAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
Kalyani Hills, Anjaneri, Nashik – 422 212
Production Of Biodiesel Engine
From Karanja Oil
Student Name:-
Hire Kunal Sandip.
Third Year Mechanical Engineering.
Roll no.: 34A30
Guide Name:
Prof. Praful Bhramhe.
A Seminar on

2. INTRODUCTION
The demand for oil in India is expected to grow at an
average rate of 3.6 per cent over the next 5 y, which will
be higher than the average growth rate of around 2 per
cent in the world.
 Import dependence of oil in India, which is presently
about 70 per cent, is likely to increase further during the
next 10 y.
 Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel made from
vegetable oil and animal fats. It can act both as
substitute and an additive to diesel fuel.

3. DIRECT USE/BLENDING
Vegetable oil can be directly used as diesel fuel without any
changes to engine.
The very first engine was tested using vegetable oil as fuel. The
primary concern with vegetable oil as fuel is its high
viscosity,which leads to problems in the long run:
Advantages
(i) Liquid nature and portability,
(ii) High heat content (80 per cent of diesel fuel),
(iii) Ready availability, and
(iv) Renewability.
DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES USED FOR PRODUCTION OF
BIODIESEL ARE:

4. MICRO-EMULSION
Micro emulsion is defined as colloidal dispersion of fluid
microstructures (1-150 nm) in solvent forming two
immiscible phases.
The common solvents used are methanol and ethanol.
Micro-emulsions is the probable solution to high viscosity
of vegetable oil.
Their atomization is relatively easy because of lower
viscosity.

5. PYROLYSIS
Pyrolysis means conversion of one substance to another by
application of heat.
Catalysts are used to speed up the process.
Different products can be obtained from the same material.
Transesterification:-
Transesterification is a kind of organic reaction where alcohol
group in ester is substituted.
The applicability of transesterification is not restricted to
laboratory.
Example:-production of PET. (polyethyleneterephthalate)

6. Biodiesel Production
Biodiesel is made from straight vegetable oil (soy, canola,
palm, castor); waste vegetable oil; or animal fats and
reacted with methanol using a high performance organic
base catalyst like Green Catalysts' SMO 30 to produce a
methyl ester (biodiesel) and glycerine.
Biodiesel production uses an organic chemical process
called transesterification .

7. TRANSESTERIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OILS
In transesterification of vegetable oils, a triglyceride reacts with
three molecules of alcohol in the presence of catalyst, producing
a mixture of fatty acids alkyl esters and glycerol.

8. ACID CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION
Transesterification is catalyzed by Brosted acids.
These catalysts give very high yields in alkyl esters.
Biodiesel fuel burns up to 75% cleaner than conventional diesel
fuel made from fossil fuels.
 Biodiesel substantially reduces unburned hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide and particulate matter in exhaust fumes
Sulphur dioxide emissions are eliminated (biodiesel contains
no sulphur)
 Biodiesel is plant-based and adds no CO2 to the atmosphere

9. BASE CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION
 The base-catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oils
proceeds faster than the acid-catalyzed reaction.
 Because of above reason, together with fact that the bases
are less corrosive than acidic catalyst.
 Industrial processes usually use base catalysts such as,
alkaline metal alcoxides and hydroxides as well as sodium or
potassium carbonates.

10. NON EDIBLE OIL RESOURCES IN INDIA
 India has rich and abundant forest resources with a
wide range of plants and oilseeds.
Oil Botanical name Oil potential
1. Neem Azadirachta indica 100000
2.Karanja Pongamia pinnata 55000
3. Kusum Schleichera oleosa 25000
4. Phulware Cheura 3000
5. Kokum Garcinia indica 500
6. Jojoba Simmondsia chinesis -----
7. Sal Shorea robusta 180000