The B-H curve plots the magnetic flux density (B) and magnetic field strength (H) of a magnetic material. It forms a hysteresis loop where the area inside represents energy lost due to magnetic hysteresis during the magnetization and demagnetization process. Key points on the loop include saturation, where additional field strength does not increase flux density, and retentivity, where some flux is retained after removal of the field. Soft magnetic materials have narrow hysteresis loops, making them suitable for applications requiring easy magnetization changes like transformers.
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This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject ELECTRICAL MACHINES and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;)
It covers all the Maxwell's Equation for Point form(differential form) and integral form. It also covers Gauss Law for Electric Field, Gauss law for magnetic field, Faraday's Law and Ampere Maxwell law. It also covers the reason why Gauss Laws are also known as Maxwell's Equation.
Magnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materialsMagnetic properties of materials
This Presentation can be used by the Students of Engineering who Deals with the Subject ELECTRICAL MACHINES and use it for Refrence (Anyways you Guys will Copy Paste or Download it) ;)
It covers all the Maxwell's Equation for Point form(differential form) and integral form. It also covers Gauss Law for Electric Field, Gauss law for magnetic field, Faraday's Law and Ampere Maxwell law. It also covers the reason why Gauss Laws are also known as Maxwell's Equation.
The three terminals of the FET are known as Gate, Drain, and Source.
It is a voltage controlled device, where the input voltage controls by the output current.
In FET current used to flow between the drain and the source terminal. And this current can be controlled by applying the voltage between the gate and the source terminal.
So this applied voltage generate the electric field within the device and by controlling these electric field we can control the flow of current through the device.
Its my PPT presentation about Single Phase Transformer.
In it only cover few point about single phase transformer like construction, working principle, emf equation and Transformer on load.
Field Effect Transistor, JFET, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, Depletion MOSFET, Enhancement MoSFET, Construction, Basic operation, Regions of Operation, Drain Characteristics, Transfer Characteristics, Biasing, Non-Ideal Characteristics of E-MOSFET, DC Analysis, AC equivalent circuit and Parameters, E-MOSFET as an Amplifier, AC analysis, MOSFET as a Switch, MOSFET as a diode, MOSFET as a resistor, High frequency equivalent circuit, Miller Capacitance, Frequency Response, NMOS and CMOS inverter
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET). It has an insulated gate, whose voltage determines the conductivity of the device. This ability to change conductivity with the amount of applied voltage can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. Although FET is sometimes used when referring to MOSFET devices, other types of field-effect transistors also exist.
Stanley A Meyer Legacy Back up Secret Docs Save all Protect Spread print and give to schools NEVER STOP!!!!!!! Join Support here https://www.patreon.com/securesupplies/shop
Stanley A Meyer Legacy Back up Secret Docs Save all Protect Spread print and give to schools NEVER STOP!!!!!!! Join Support here https://www.patreon.com/securesupplies/shop
The three terminals of the FET are known as Gate, Drain, and Source.
It is a voltage controlled device, where the input voltage controls by the output current.
In FET current used to flow between the drain and the source terminal. And this current can be controlled by applying the voltage between the gate and the source terminal.
So this applied voltage generate the electric field within the device and by controlling these electric field we can control the flow of current through the device.
Its my PPT presentation about Single Phase Transformer.
In it only cover few point about single phase transformer like construction, working principle, emf equation and Transformer on load.
Field Effect Transistor, JFET, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor, Depletion MOSFET, Enhancement MoSFET, Construction, Basic operation, Regions of Operation, Drain Characteristics, Transfer Characteristics, Biasing, Non-Ideal Characteristics of E-MOSFET, DC Analysis, AC equivalent circuit and Parameters, E-MOSFET as an Amplifier, AC analysis, MOSFET as a Switch, MOSFET as a diode, MOSFET as a resistor, High frequency equivalent circuit, Miller Capacitance, Frequency Response, NMOS and CMOS inverter
The metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, or MOS FET) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET). It has an insulated gate, whose voltage determines the conductivity of the device. This ability to change conductivity with the amount of applied voltage can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. Although FET is sometimes used when referring to MOSFET devices, other types of field-effect transistors also exist.
Stanley A Meyer Legacy Back up Secret Docs Save all Protect Spread print and give to schools NEVER STOP!!!!!!! Join Support here https://www.patreon.com/securesupplies/shop
Stanley A Meyer Legacy Back up Secret Docs Save all Protect Spread print and give to schools NEVER STOP!!!!!!! Join Support here https://www.patreon.com/securesupplies/shop
Before approaching any kind of toroidal chokes manufacturers in India, it is better to understand cores, chokes, and losses, so that you can make a better decision about the choice of chokes you want for your application.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. BH CURVE
• A B-H curve plots changes in a magnetic circuit's flux density
to magnetic field strength, as the magnetic field strength is
gradually increased or decreased. The resulting shape
indicates how the flux density increases or decreases due to
the gradual alignment of the magnetic domains (atoms, that
behave like tiny magnets) within the magnetic circuit material.
3. • H is the symbol for magnetic field strength, which is defined
as the magneto motive force per unit length of a magnetic
circuit, where the magneto motive force is provided by a
current-carrying coil, wound around that magnetic circuit.
Magneto motive force is the product of the current flowing
through the coil and the number of turns, expressed in
amperes (although often spoken as "ampere turns").
• The magneto motive force gives rise to the magnetic flux
within the magnetic circuit, the intensity of which is termed
flux density (symbol B), expressed in teslas.
4. • The complete B-H curve is usually described as a hysteresis
loop. The area contained within a hysteresis loop indicates the
energy required to perform the 'magnetize - demagnetize'
process.
5. SOME TERMS RELATED
TO BH CURVE
• 1) MAGNETIC SATURATION
• 2) RETENTIVITY
• 3) COERSIVE FORCE
• 4) MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS
6. MAGNETIC SATURATION
• when a magnetization current flows through a coil the
domains in the coil get aligned. When all the domains have
aligned, the B-H curve reaches a plateau and the magnetic
circuit is said to be saturated. At this point, any further
increase in magnetic field strength has no further effect on
the flux density. This is known as magnetic saturation point.
7. • Saturation occurs because the random haphazard
arrangement of the molecule structure within the core
material changes as the tiny molecular magnets within the
material become "lined-up".
• You may notice that the flux density increases in proportion to
the field strength until it reaches a certain value were it can
not increase any more becoming almost level and constant as
the field strength continues to increase.
8. • This is because there is a limit to the amount of flux density
that can be generated by the core as all the domains in the
iron are perfectly aligned. Any further increase will have no
effect on the value of M, and the point on the graph where
the flux density reaches its limit is called Magnetic Saturation,
also known as Saturation of the Core.
9. RETENTIVITY
• The ability to retain some magnetism in the core after
magnetization has stopped is called Retentivity or Remanence
while the amount of flux density still present in the core is
called Residual Magnetism.
• The reason for this that some of the tiny molecular magnets
do not return to a completely random pattern and still point
in the direction of the original magnetizing field giving them a
sort of "memory".
10. • One way to reduce this residual flux density to zero is by
reversing the direction of the current flowing through the coil,
thereby making the value of H, the magnetic field strength
negative.
11. COERSIVE FORCES
• To reduce the flux density we need to reverse the current
flowing through the coil, the magnetizing force which must be
applied to null the residual flux density is called coersive
forces.
• It reverses the magnetic field rearranging the molecular
magnets until the core becomes unmagnetised.
12. • For materials having low Retentivity (i.e. soft ferromagnetic
materials) coercive forces are also low and for materials having
high Retentivity (hard ferromagnetic materials) coercive forces
are large.
13. MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS
• The lag or delay of a magnetism due to the magnetization
properties of a material by which it firstly becomes
magnetized and then de-magnetised is known as magnetic
hysteresis.
16. HOW HYSTERESIS LOOP WORKS ?
• The Magnetic Hysteresis loop
shows the behavior of a
ferromagnetic core graphically
as the relationship between B
and H is non-linear.
• Starting with an unmagnetised
core both B and H will be at
zero, point 0 on the
magnetization curve.
17. • If the magnetization current, i is increased in a positive
direction to some value the magnetic field strength H
increases linearly with i and the flux density B will also increase
as shown by the curve from point 0 to point a as it heads
towards saturation.
• Now if the magnetizing current in the coil is reduced to zero
the magnetic field around the core reduces to zero but the
magnetic flux does not reach zero due to the residual
magnetism present within the core and this is shown on the
curve from point a to point b.
18. • To reduce the flux density at point b to zero we need to
reverse the current flowing through the coil.
• An increase in the reverse current causes the core to be
magnetised in the opposite direction and increasing this
magnetisation current will cause the core to reach saturation
but in the opposite direction, point d on the cure which is
symmetrical to point b.
• If the magnetising current is reduced again to zero the
residual magnetism present in the core will be equal to the
previous value but in reverse at point e.
19. • Again reversing the magnetising current flowing through the
coil this time into a positive direction will cause the magnetic
flux to reach zero, point f on the curve and as before
increasing the magnetisation current further in a positive
direction will cause the core to reach saturation at point a.
• Then the B-H curve follows the path of a-b-c-d-e-f-a as the
magnetising current flowing through the coil alternates
between a positive and negative value such as the cycle of an
AC voltage.
• This path is called a Magnetic Hysteresis Loop.
20. USE OF BH CURVE
• soft ferromagnetic materials such as iron or silicon steel have
very narrow magnetic hysteresis loops resulting in very small
amounts of residual magnetism making them ideal for use in
relays, solenoids and transformers as they can be easily
magnetised and demagnetised.
• Magnetic Hysteresis results in the dissipation of wasted
energy in the form of heat with the energy wasted being in
proportion to the area of the magnetic hysteresis loop.
21. • Hysteresis losses are always a problem in AC transformers
where the current is constantly changing direction and thus
the magnetic poles in the core will cause losses because they
constantly reverse direction.
• Rotating coils in DC machines also incur hysteresis losses as
they alternately pass from north to south magnetic poles.
22. • Thus B-H Curves and Hysteresis Loops are a valuable
tools for comparing the characteristics and behavior of
different magnetic materials, in order to select them for
an appropriate application.