This document summarizes two important theories of learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning, proposed by Ivan Pavlov, involves associating an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a conditioned stimulus, until the conditioned stimulus comes to elicit the response on its own. Operant conditioning, proposed by B.F. Skinner, is based on the idea that learning is a function of changes in behavior due to consequences. Reinforcement and punishment are used to modify occurrences of behaviors.

3. • Related to learning theory
• Include 2 most important theory
• Classical conditioning theory
• Operant conditioning theory

4. • Behaviourism is also known as “behavioural
psychology”
• Behavioural psychology is a theory of learning
• This theory of learning based on the idea that all
behaviours are acquired through condition.
• We can learning through various condition.

5. • Any action that is a behaviour is called behaviour.
• Behaviour can be studied in a systematic and
observational manner regardless of internal
mental stress.
• Observable manner should be considered –
cognitions, emotions and moods are far too
subjective.

6. • Different scientist give different theories about
behaviours.
• But I can focused on 2 major types of behavioural
theory.
1. Classical conditioning theory
2. Operant conditioning theory

7. • This theory was given by “IVAN PAVLOR”
• “Pavlor” experiment on Dog
• Observer are hidden
• Food given through automatic devices.
• Salivary glands were operated and connected with
the tubes to collect the saliva test and measure.
• Site of food is work to (as a natural) stimulus & we
take natural response
NS (Natural stimulus) NR (Natural response)
Food (Salivation)

8. N. S + A.S N.R
Food Bell (Salivation)
Substituted by A.S.
(Ringing of Bell)

9. • Natural Stimulus + Artificial stimulus
Association
Natural response
(Salivation)
• Association is must in conditioning and after that we can
remove natural stimulus (food) and we will see natural response
(Salivation)
(Food) Natural stimulus Artificial stimulus (Bell)
Natural response

10. • Is also known as S type conditioning (stimulus
type conditioning)
• Because firstly we can give stimulus and after that
we get natural response study.
• Associate with natural stimulus + Artificial
stimulus & after that remove artificial stimulus we
get natural response.

11. • This theory was given by B.F. skinner.
• Theory of B.F. skinner is based upon the idea that learning is
a function of change in our behaviour.
• The distinctive characteristics of operant conditioning
relative to previous forms of behaviorism.
• The theory also covers negative reinforcement any stimulus
that result in the increases frequency of a response when it
is with drawn (different from adversive stimuli – punishment
– which result in reduced responses)
• A great deal of attention was given to schedules of
reinforcement.

12. e.g :
• Internal rersus ratio and their effects on
establishing and maintaining behaviour.
“CONCLUSION OF OPERANT CONDITIONING”
• Appropriate behaviour is achieved by building a
chain of response. Things or step by other called
shaping of behaviour.
• Shaping of behaviour through reinforcement.
• R-type of conditioning.