Classical Conditioning Theory of Learning
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•4,192 views
This slide will help learners to understand basics of classical conditioning theory given by Pavlov. It is among one of the initial learning theories.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Classical conditioning
power point presentation on classical conditioning theory-theory of classical conditioning-Pavlov's classical conditioning
Theory of Operant Conditioning - B F Skinner
Operant conditioning is a theory of learning developed by B.F. Skinner that states organisms learn by reinforcing behaviors that lead to desirable outcomes or avoiding undesirable ones. Skinner conducted experiments using rat cages and levers to show rats learned to press levers more frequently when rewarded with food. He distinguished between elicited responses controlled by stimuli and emitted operant behaviors that are reinforced. Operant conditioning involves reinforcing desired behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement to increase their frequency.
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is a type of learning where organisms learn to associate stimuli. Ivan Pavlov, a famous Russian physiologist, discovered classical conditioning through his dog experiments. He found that a dog could learn to associate a neutral stimulus, like a bell, with an unconditioned stimulus, like food, which elicits an unconditioned response, like salivation. After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus alone could elicit the conditioned response of salivation. Pavlov's experiments demonstrated key concepts of classical conditioning like acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and discrimination. Classical conditioning principles can be applied to areas like teaching and advertising.
Theory of Learning (Classical Conditioning)
Topic: Theory of Learning (Classical Conditioning)
Student Name: Sunena Imtaiz
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (III)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism.Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.
Classical Conditioning
1. Classical conditioning theories by Pavlov and Watson are discussed. Pavlov's dog experiment showed that a neutral stimulus paired with an unconditioned stimulus can elicit a conditioned response.
2. Watson's experiment on "Little Albert" demonstrated emotional conditioning by pairing a white mouse with a loud noise, causing the child to fear the mouse.
3. Implications for teaching include using positive reinforcement to condition desirable behaviors and relating concepts systematically to help students learn and generalize skills.
Operant Conditioning Theory
Operant condition theory is one among prominent behaviorist theories proposed by Skinner. The slides will help to unfold basic ideas about this theory.
Skinner learning theory
Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning to explain how behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences. He identified reinforcement, punishment, and extinction as processes that influence whether behaviors increase or decrease. Skinner argued that behaviors can be shaped through differential reinforcement by gradually moving an organism closer to a desired behavior. Behavior modification techniques apply operant conditioning principles to change behaviors by reinforcing wanted actions and reducing unwanted ones.
Recommended
Classical conditioning
power point presentation on classical conditioning theory-theory of classical conditioning-Pavlov's classical conditioning
Theory of Operant Conditioning - B F Skinner
Operant conditioning is a theory of learning developed by B.F. Skinner that states organisms learn by reinforcing behaviors that lead to desirable outcomes or avoiding undesirable ones. Skinner conducted experiments using rat cages and levers to show rats learned to press levers more frequently when rewarded with food. He distinguished between elicited responses controlled by stimuli and emitted operant behaviors that are reinforced. Operant conditioning involves reinforcing desired behaviors through positive or negative reinforcement to increase their frequency.
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is a type of learning where organisms learn to associate stimuli. Ivan Pavlov, a famous Russian physiologist, discovered classical conditioning through his dog experiments. He found that a dog could learn to associate a neutral stimulus, like a bell, with an unconditioned stimulus, like food, which elicits an unconditioned response, like salivation. After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus alone could elicit the conditioned response of salivation. Pavlov's experiments demonstrated key concepts of classical conditioning like acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and discrimination. Classical conditioning principles can be applied to areas like teaching and advertising.
Theory of Learning (Classical Conditioning)
Topic: Theory of Learning (Classical Conditioning)
Student Name: Sunena Imtaiz
Class: B.Ed. Hons Elementary Part (III)
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Classical conditioning
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism.Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.
Classical Conditioning
1. Classical conditioning theories by Pavlov and Watson are discussed. Pavlov's dog experiment showed that a neutral stimulus paired with an unconditioned stimulus can elicit a conditioned response.
2. Watson's experiment on "Little Albert" demonstrated emotional conditioning by pairing a white mouse with a loud noise, causing the child to fear the mouse.
3. Implications for teaching include using positive reinforcement to condition desirable behaviors and relating concepts systematically to help students learn and generalize skills.
Operant Conditioning Theory
Operant condition theory is one among prominent behaviorist theories proposed by Skinner. The slides will help to unfold basic ideas about this theory.
Skinner learning theory
Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning to explain how behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences. He identified reinforcement, punishment, and extinction as processes that influence whether behaviors increase or decrease. Skinner argued that behaviors can be shaped through differential reinforcement by gradually moving an organism closer to a desired behavior. Behavior modification techniques apply operant conditioning principles to change behaviors by reinforcing wanted actions and reducing unwanted ones.
Skinner’s operant conditioning theory
Skinner's operant conditioning theory posits that behavior is shaped by its consequences rather than driven by internal processes or stimuli. Through experiments using a Skinner box, he found that rats would learn to press a lever when rewarded with food pellets. Their behavior was conditioned and reinforced through positive reinforcement. Operant conditioning is a process of learning whereby behaviors are strengthened if followed by rewarding consequences or weakened if followed by unpleasant consequences, with the goal of increasing or decreasing certain behaviors.
Kohler Insightful learning theory
Gestalt psychology began in Germany in the early 20th century and focused on the idea of "learning by insight". Key founders included Wertheimer, Kohler, and Koffka. Kohler conducted experiments with chimpanzees that demonstrated insight learning. In one experiment, a chimpanzee used boxes to reach a banana hung out of reach, and in another used sticks of different lengths combined to reach a banana outside its cage. The experiments showed that learning could occur through sudden insights into solving problems rather than just trial and error. Teachers should present material in a way that allows students to gain insights into relationships and concepts as a whole rather than focusing only on separate parts.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning was elucidated by Ivan Pavlov through his famous dog experiments. Pavlov found that a neutral stimulus could be paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. For example, Pavlov paired the sound of a tone (neutral stimulus) with the presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus), which caused dogs to salivate (unconditioned response). After conditioning, the dogs learned to salivate to the tone alone (conditioned response). Pavlov's work provided the basis for later behaviorists like John Watson and B.F. Skinner.
Operant conditioning
Positive reinforcement. Wearing makeup is being reinforced by receiving attention from others.
Cognitive theory Insight learning –Gestalt School
Gestalt theory emphasizes that learning involves perceiving situations as organized wholes rather than as collections of parts. Insight learning or Gestalt learning occurs when a learner understands relationships within a problem and suddenly realizes a solution without trial and error. Kohler's experiments with chimpanzees demonstrated insight learning, such as when a chimp used sticks and boxes as tools to reach food. Insight learning relies on cognition rather than behaviorism and involves understanding problems as organized wholes.
Operant conditioning - skinner
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on his experiments using reward and punishment schedules with animals. He found that behaviors followed by rewarding consequences tended to be repeated, while behaviors followed by punishing consequences tended to decrease. Key aspects of operant conditioning include reinforcement, which increases behaviors; and punishment, which decreases behaviors. Skinner applied these principles to understanding complex learning in humans.
Insightful learning...
This document discusses insightful learning, also known as insight learning. Insightful learning involves understanding relationships between parts of a problem rather than trial and error. Wolfgang Kohler conducted experiments observing insightful learning in animals. Insightful learning can result in an "aha moment" or "eureka" experience. It depends on factors like intelligence, learning situation, and initial efforts. Insightful learning involves higher mental processes and sudden understanding, while trial and error learning is gradual habit formation through chance. Kohler's experiment showed insightful learning results from perceiving relationships and restructuring perceptions to find solutions.
Classical conditioning
This document provides an overview of classical conditioning. It begins with an introduction that describes Ivan Pavlov's famous experiments with dogs where he conditioned them to salivate in response to a stimulus other than food. The terminology section defines key terms like unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. The experiment section then describes Pavlov's specific experiment where he conditioned dogs to salivate when they heard a bell, due to pairing the bell with food. It also includes a diagram illustrating the stages of classical conditioning - before, during, and after - and how a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus. Finally, it discusses applications of classical conditioning theory including language learning and the treatment of phobias.
Classical conditioning theory
Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment involved pairing a neutral stimulus (the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food) for dogs. Through repeated pairings, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Pavlov's experiment demonstrated the learning process of classical conditioning and identified the key components of an unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. Classical conditioning principles like acquisition, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery help explain how associations are formed between stimuli and responses through learning.
Behavioural approach to learning
1) Behaviourism is a learning theory that proposes that behaviour can be modified through consequences like reinforcement or punishment. It focuses on observable behaviours rather than internal mental states.
2) Classical conditioning involves associating an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a neutral conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Pavlov's famous experiment conditioned dogs to salivate when a bell was rung.
3) Operant conditioning, proposed by Skinner, is learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviours. Positive reinforcement strengthens behaviours by rewarding them, while negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour.
B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning is a theory of learning that focuses on how environmental interactions influence behavior. B.F. Skinner developed operant conditioning which explains that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. There are four principles of operant conditioning: immediacy of consequences, deprivation and satiation, contingency between behavior and consequence, and effectiveness being determined by size of consequence. Reinforcement and punishment are used to shape behaviors through positive or negative consequences.
Classical conditioning IVAN PAVLOV
Classical Conditioning by Ivan Pavlov and its contribution and effects to human behaviors.
made by:
julie ann alegre
Behaviorism Theory of Learning
The document discusses the behaviorist theory of learning. [1] Behaviorism assumes that learning is influenced by environmental stimuli and responses are reinforced through positive and negative consequences. [2] Important behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who studied classical conditioning in dogs, and B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment. [3] Teachers can apply behaviorist principles by breaking tasks into small steps, providing clear instructions, and using positive reinforcement.
Trial and error learning theory
1) Edward Thorndike's trial and error learning theory proposes that learning occurs through a process of testing different responses and retaining those that are successful.
2) In Thorndike's experiments with cats in puzzle boxes, the cats initially responded randomly but eventually learned to open the door by pulling a string, eliminating unsuccessful responses over time.
3) Thorndike identified factors in trial and error learning as motives, stimuli, responses, consequences, and fixation on successful responses. His laws of learning also addressed readiness, exercise, effect, use and disuse.
PAVLOV'S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY
This is the presentation which was presented in PPT CONTEST on TCP PRESENTO 2020 Organized byThiagarajar College of Preceptors-Madurai.
Operant Conditioning by BF Skinner
Burrhus Frederic Skinner was an influential American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning states that behavior is learned through reinforcement and consequences from past experiences. There are key principles of operant conditioning: behaviors followed by rewarding consequences like rewards or removal of negative stimuli will likely be repeated, while behaviors followed by negative consequences like punishment or removal of rewards will likely not be repeated. Behavior modification applies these principles of reinforcement to strengthen desired behaviors.
GUTHRIE’S CONTIGUOUS CONDITIONING
The document summarizes the work and learning theory of Edwin Guthrie. It discusses that Guthrie proposed one law of learning - the law of contiguity, which states that stimuli and responses become associated based on their closeness in time and space. Guthrie believed that learning occurred through a single pairing of a stimulus and response, in contrast to theorists like Thorndike who argued learning required repetition. The document also describes Guthrie's experiments with cats in a puzzle box and how they informed his views on learning, forgetting, and the lack of need for reinforcement. Overall, the document provides an overview of Guthrie's influential law of contiguity and its implications for understanding learning.
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning is a method of learning through reinforcement and punishment. Behavior is strengthened when followed by a reinforcer or weakened when followed by a punisher. B.F. Skinner coined the term and studied operant conditioning using animal experiments. Reinforcers can be positive like praise or negative like escaping an unpleasant stimulus. Punishers are consequences that weaken behavior and can be positive by applying an unpleasant stimulus or negative by removing a desirable one. The timing and schedule of reinforcement impacts how effectively behaviors are learned through operant conditioning.
Ppt educational psychology
This document provides an overview of educational psychology. It begins with an introduction to the field and various methods used in psychology, including introspection, observation, experimentation, case studies, and interviews. It then covers key topics like growth and development across the lifespan, intelligence and theories of intelligence, and cognitive development in children. The document also discusses theories of needs, individual differences, and approaches to intelligence like Spearman's two-factor theory and Guilford's structure of intellect. Overall, the document serves as an introductory guide to major concepts and approaches within educational psychology.
Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory
It includes comparison of various behaviour theories of learning, concept of Reinforcement and Punishment, Reinforcement schedule, Mechanism of Operant Conditioning etc.
Classical conditioning theory and social learning theory
Classical conditioning and social learning theory are two theories of learning. Classical conditioning involves associating an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a neutral stimulus so that the neutral stimulus eventually elicits the same response. Social learning theory proposes that people learn from observing others via attention, retention, and motivation. Bandura's Bobo doll experiment provided evidence that children's aggressive behavior can be influenced by observing and modeling adult behavior.
Classic conditioning
The document summarizes classical conditioning, which was discovered by Ivan Pavlov in 1903 when studying dog digestion. Pavlov found that dogs learned to associate food with the ringing of a bell and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Later, John Watson applied classical conditioning principles to infants. The key aspects of classical conditioning are the unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and respondent conditioning in which a previously neutral stimulus takes on a specific response.
More Related Content
What's hot
Skinner’s operant conditioning theory
Skinner's operant conditioning theory posits that behavior is shaped by its consequences rather than driven by internal processes or stimuli. Through experiments using a Skinner box, he found that rats would learn to press a lever when rewarded with food pellets. Their behavior was conditioned and reinforced through positive reinforcement. Operant conditioning is a process of learning whereby behaviors are strengthened if followed by rewarding consequences or weakened if followed by unpleasant consequences, with the goal of increasing or decreasing certain behaviors.
Kohler Insightful learning theory
Gestalt psychology began in Germany in the early 20th century and focused on the idea of "learning by insight". Key founders included Wertheimer, Kohler, and Koffka. Kohler conducted experiments with chimpanzees that demonstrated insight learning. In one experiment, a chimpanzee used boxes to reach a banana hung out of reach, and in another used sticks of different lengths combined to reach a banana outside its cage. The experiments showed that learning could occur through sudden insights into solving problems rather than just trial and error. Teachers should present material in a way that allows students to gain insights into relationships and concepts as a whole rather than focusing only on separate parts.
Classical Conditioning
Classical conditioning was elucidated by Ivan Pavlov through his famous dog experiments. Pavlov found that a neutral stimulus could be paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. For example, Pavlov paired the sound of a tone (neutral stimulus) with the presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus), which caused dogs to salivate (unconditioned response). After conditioning, the dogs learned to salivate to the tone alone (conditioned response). Pavlov's work provided the basis for later behaviorists like John Watson and B.F. Skinner.
Operant conditioning
Positive reinforcement. Wearing makeup is being reinforced by receiving attention from others.
Cognitive theory Insight learning –Gestalt School
Gestalt theory emphasizes that learning involves perceiving situations as organized wholes rather than as collections of parts. Insight learning or Gestalt learning occurs when a learner understands relationships within a problem and suddenly realizes a solution without trial and error. Kohler's experiments with chimpanzees demonstrated insight learning, such as when a chimp used sticks and boxes as tools to reach food. Insight learning relies on cognition rather than behaviorism and involves understanding problems as organized wholes.
Operant conditioning - skinner
B.F. Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning based on his experiments using reward and punishment schedules with animals. He found that behaviors followed by rewarding consequences tended to be repeated, while behaviors followed by punishing consequences tended to decrease. Key aspects of operant conditioning include reinforcement, which increases behaviors; and punishment, which decreases behaviors. Skinner applied these principles to understanding complex learning in humans.
Insightful learning...
This document discusses insightful learning, also known as insight learning. Insightful learning involves understanding relationships between parts of a problem rather than trial and error. Wolfgang Kohler conducted experiments observing insightful learning in animals. Insightful learning can result in an "aha moment" or "eureka" experience. It depends on factors like intelligence, learning situation, and initial efforts. Insightful learning involves higher mental processes and sudden understanding, while trial and error learning is gradual habit formation through chance. Kohler's experiment showed insightful learning results from perceiving relationships and restructuring perceptions to find solutions.
Classical conditioning
This document provides an overview of classical conditioning. It begins with an introduction that describes Ivan Pavlov's famous experiments with dogs where he conditioned them to salivate in response to a stimulus other than food. The terminology section defines key terms like unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. The experiment section then describes Pavlov's specific experiment where he conditioned dogs to salivate when they heard a bell, due to pairing the bell with food. It also includes a diagram illustrating the stages of classical conditioning - before, during, and after - and how a neutral stimulus can become a conditioned stimulus. Finally, it discusses applications of classical conditioning theory including language learning and the treatment of phobias.
Classical conditioning theory
Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment involved pairing a neutral stimulus (the sound of a bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food) for dogs. Through repeated pairings, the dogs learned to associate the bell with food and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Pavlov's experiment demonstrated the learning process of classical conditioning and identified the key components of an unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response. Classical conditioning principles like acquisition, generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery help explain how associations are formed between stimuli and responses through learning.
Behavioural approach to learning
1) Behaviourism is a learning theory that proposes that behaviour can be modified through consequences like reinforcement or punishment. It focuses on observable behaviours rather than internal mental states.
2) Classical conditioning involves associating an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a neutral conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. Pavlov's famous experiment conditioned dogs to salivate when a bell was rung.
3) Operant conditioning, proposed by Skinner, is learning through reinforcement and punishment of behaviours. Positive reinforcement strengthens behaviours by rewarding them, while negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour.
B. F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning
Operant conditioning is a theory of learning that focuses on how environmental interactions influence behavior. B.F. Skinner developed operant conditioning which explains that behaviors are strengthened or weakened based on consequences. There are four principles of operant conditioning: immediacy of consequences, deprivation and satiation, contingency between behavior and consequence, and effectiveness being determined by size of consequence. Reinforcement and punishment are used to shape behaviors through positive or negative consequences.
Classical conditioning IVAN PAVLOV
Classical Conditioning by Ivan Pavlov and its contribution and effects to human behaviors.
made by:
julie ann alegre
Behaviorism Theory of Learning
The document discusses the behaviorist theory of learning. [1] Behaviorism assumes that learning is influenced by environmental stimuli and responses are reinforced through positive and negative consequences. [2] Important behaviorist theorists include Ivan Pavlov, who studied classical conditioning in dogs, and B.F. Skinner, who developed operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment. [3] Teachers can apply behaviorist principles by breaking tasks into small steps, providing clear instructions, and using positive reinforcement.
Trial and error learning theory
1) Edward Thorndike's trial and error learning theory proposes that learning occurs through a process of testing different responses and retaining those that are successful.
2) In Thorndike's experiments with cats in puzzle boxes, the cats initially responded randomly but eventually learned to open the door by pulling a string, eliminating unsuccessful responses over time.
3) Thorndike identified factors in trial and error learning as motives, stimuli, responses, consequences, and fixation on successful responses. His laws of learning also addressed readiness, exercise, effect, use and disuse.
PAVLOV'S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING THEORY
This is the presentation which was presented in PPT CONTEST on TCP PRESENTO 2020 Organized byThiagarajar College of Preceptors-Madurai.
Operant Conditioning by BF Skinner
Burrhus Frederic Skinner was an influential American psychologist who developed the theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning states that behavior is learned through reinforcement and consequences from past experiences. There are key principles of operant conditioning: behaviors followed by rewarding consequences like rewards or removal of negative stimuli will likely be repeated, while behaviors followed by negative consequences like punishment or removal of rewards will likely not be repeated. Behavior modification applies these principles of reinforcement to strengthen desired behaviors.
GUTHRIE’S CONTIGUOUS CONDITIONING
The document summarizes the work and learning theory of Edwin Guthrie. It discusses that Guthrie proposed one law of learning - the law of contiguity, which states that stimuli and responses become associated based on their closeness in time and space. Guthrie believed that learning occurred through a single pairing of a stimulus and response, in contrast to theorists like Thorndike who argued learning required repetition. The document also describes Guthrie's experiments with cats in a puzzle box and how they informed his views on learning, forgetting, and the lack of need for reinforcement. Overall, the document provides an overview of Guthrie's influential law of contiguity and its implications for understanding learning.
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning is a method of learning through reinforcement and punishment. Behavior is strengthened when followed by a reinforcer or weakened when followed by a punisher. B.F. Skinner coined the term and studied operant conditioning using animal experiments. Reinforcers can be positive like praise or negative like escaping an unpleasant stimulus. Punishers are consequences that weaken behavior and can be positive by applying an unpleasant stimulus or negative by removing a desirable one. The timing and schedule of reinforcement impacts how effectively behaviors are learned through operant conditioning.
Ppt educational psychology
This document provides an overview of educational psychology. It begins with an introduction to the field and various methods used in psychology, including introspection, observation, experimentation, case studies, and interviews. It then covers key topics like growth and development across the lifespan, intelligence and theories of intelligence, and cognitive development in children. The document also discusses theories of needs, individual differences, and approaches to intelligence like Spearman's two-factor theory and Guilford's structure of intellect. Overall, the document serves as an introductory guide to major concepts and approaches within educational psychology.
Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory
It includes comparison of various behaviour theories of learning, concept of Reinforcement and Punishment, Reinforcement schedule, Mechanism of Operant Conditioning etc.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Classical Conditioning Theory of Learning
Classical conditioning theory and social learning theory
Classical conditioning and social learning theory are two theories of learning. Classical conditioning involves associating an unconditioned stimulus that naturally elicits a response with a neutral stimulus so that the neutral stimulus eventually elicits the same response. Social learning theory proposes that people learn from observing others via attention, retention, and motivation. Bandura's Bobo doll experiment provided evidence that children's aggressive behavior can be influenced by observing and modeling adult behavior.
Classic conditioning
The document summarizes classical conditioning, which was discovered by Ivan Pavlov in 1903 when studying dog digestion. Pavlov found that dogs learned to associate food with the ringing of a bell and would salivate upon hearing the bell alone. Later, John Watson applied classical conditioning principles to infants. The key aspects of classical conditioning are the unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, and respondent conditioning in which a previously neutral stimulus takes on a specific response.
Lecture PPTs_Ch6
The document summarizes key concepts from Chapter 6 of the textbook Psychological Science on the topic of learning. It discusses:
1) The influential work of B.F. Skinner and John Watson in establishing behaviorism as the dominant paradigm for studying learning through the early 1960s.
2) The difference between classical and operant conditioning, with classical conditioning involving associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus through repeated pairings, while operant conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing behaviors to increase or decrease their likelihood.
3) How concepts from classical and operant conditioning can help explain phenomena like phobias, drug addiction, and the effects of different reinforcement schedules on behavioral persistence.
PAVLOV’S CLASSICAL CONDITIONING .pptx
Who is Pavlov
What is Learning
Theories of Learning
The "Pavlov's Dog" Experiment
What is Classical Conditionin
Definition of Stimulus
Key Concepts of Classical Conditioning
Define Conditioning
Key principles of Classical Conditioning
Conclusion
Classical Conditioning in the Classroom
My Own Teaching
The behavioristic theory
The document discusses the behaviorist theory of learning. It traces the origins and development of behaviorism from Pavlov's studies of classical conditioning to its establishment by Watson. The key idea of behaviorism is that learning can be understood through observable changes in behavior due to conditioning processes without reference to internal mental states. While behaviorism was influential in the early 20th century, it lost prominence in the 1950s due to limitations in explaining complex human learning and cognition. However, classical and operant conditioning remain important concepts in psychology.
Psychology of Learning Ageze Belete PPT
This document provides an overview of learning processes and theories. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience. Key points include:
- John Watson established behaviorism, which studies how learning affects behavior.
- Characteristics of learning include being continuous, pervasive, involving the whole person, and often changing experiences.
- Principles of learning state that individuals learn best when ready physically/mentally and with meaningful practice.
- Classical and operant conditioning are two major behavioral theories of learning. Classical conditioning associates stimuli to elicit responses, while operant conditioning associates behaviors to consequences.
- Reinforcement and punishment impact the probability that behaviors will occur. Schedules of reinforcement determine when
Burmester theory
Behaviorism is the theory that human behavior can be studied scientifically without consideration of internal mental states. It focuses on observable behaviors and conditioning through rewards and punishments. Ivan Pavlov conducted classic conditioning experiments on dogs, showing that a neutral stimulus could produce the same response as a natural stimulus after repeated pairing. B.F. Skinner developed operant conditioning and showed that behaviors are dependent on consequences rather than preceding stimuli. A behaviorist classroom uses environmental stimuli and reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors, though the teacher disagrees with strictly behaviorist approaches and believes students should be allowed independent thinking.
learning and conditioning.pptx
The conditioning theory of learning describes a form of learning where learning occurs s a result of associating a condition or stimulus with a particular reaction .
Classical Conditioning according to Pavlov and J.b Waston
It includes introduction to learning with Classical Conditioning , further experiments of Pavlov and J.b Waston.
Classical Conditioning in Education.
Topic 6 learning theory.pptx
Open sidebar
Reproductive Physiology Overview
User
Reproductive system physiology
ChatGPT
The reproductive system is responsible for the production and development of offspring. It includes various organs and structures that differ between males and females. In this response, I will provide an overview of the reproductive system physiology for both males and females.
Male Reproductive System Physiology:
Testes: The testes are the primary male reproductive organs. They produce sperm cells through a process called spermatogenesis and secrete the hormone testosterone.
Epididymis: The epididymis is a coiled tube located on the surface of each testis. It serves as a site for sperm maturation and storage.
Vas Deferens: The vas deferens is a muscular tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation.
Seminal Vesicles, Prostate Gland, and Bulbourethral Glands: These accessory glands produce seminal fluid, which nourishes and protects the sperm. The seminal fluid is combined with sperm to form semen.
Urethra: The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder and also serves as a passage for semen during ejaculation.
Female Reproductive System Physiology:
Ovaries: The ovaries are the primary female reproductive organs. They produce ova (eggs) through a process called oogenesis and secrete hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.
Fallopian Tubes: The fallopian tubes are ducts that connect the ovaries to the uterus. They serve as the site for fertilization, where the sperm meets and fertilizes the egg.
Uterus: The uterus, also known as the womb, is a hollow, muscular organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus. It undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle in preparation for pregnancy.
Cervix: The cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It contains a small opening called the os, which allows the passage of menstrual blood and sperm.
Vagina: The vagina is a muscular canal that connects the cervix to the external genitalia. It serves as the birth canal during childbirth and also receives the penis during sexual intercourse.
Mammary Glands: While not directly part of the reproductive system, the mammary glands in the breasts produce milk for nourishing newborns after childbirth.
Hormonal Regulation:
The reproductive system is regulated by hormones that coordinate and control its functions. In males, the hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). LH stimulates the production of testosterone in the testes, while FSH promotes sperm production.
In females, the hypothalamus releases GnRH, which triggers the release of LH and FSH from the pituitary gland. FSH stimulates the development of ovarian follicles and the production of estrogen. LH causes ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum, which produces pro
Learning
Learning involves a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. The three main theories of learning are classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive learning. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a response. Operant conditioning uses reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease a behavior. Cognitive learning occurs through observation rather than direct experience.
LEARNING.pptx
This document discusses learning and various theories of learning. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. It outlines several characteristics of learning, including that it is a change in behavior as a result of experience. It also discusses the importance of learning for adapting to new environments. The document then covers various learning theories, including Thorndike's connectionism, Pavlov's classical conditioning, and Skinner's operant conditioning. It also discusses Gestalt field theories, Hull's drive reduction theory, and Tolman's sign learning theory. Finally, it touches on metacognition and the importance of helping students self-regulate their learning.
Week 4 Behaviourism
This document discusses learning theories of behaviorism, including classical and operant conditioning. It summarizes the key experiments and concepts from theorists like Pavlov, Watson, Thorndike, and Skinner. Specifically, it describes Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment with dogs, Watson's classical conditioning experiment with Little Albert, and Thorndike's early experiments with puzzle boxes that helped establish the laws of exercise and effect related to operant conditioning.
Behaviorism school of thought in psychology
Ishallah this video help you to comprehend about behaviorism school of thought, its major thinker, major experiment, advantages and disadvantages and much more
Principles and Applications of Classical and operant conditioningppt.pptx
Classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli and responses. Ivan Pavlov's famous experiments with dogs demonstrated this, showing that dogs could associate the sound of a bell (conditioned stimulus) with the delivery of food (unconditioned stimulus) and learn to salivate in response to the bell alone. Three key principles of classical conditioning are acquisition, where the association is formed; extinction, where the response weakens without reinforcement; and spontaneous recovery, where an extinguished response briefly returns. Stimulus generalization also occurs, where similar stimuli to the original conditioned stimulus can elicit the same response.
LEARNING.pptx
This document provides an overview of learning theories including:
- Thorndike's law of effect and law of exercise which state that behaviors followed by satisfaction are strengthened while behaviors followed by dissatisfaction are weakened.
- Pavlov's classical conditioning which explains how neutral stimuli become conditioned stimuli through repeated pairing with unconditioned stimuli.
- Skinner's operant conditioning where behaviors are reinforced or punished to increase or decrease the likelihood they will occur again.
- Tolman's purposive behaviorism which posits that learning involves acquiring purpose and expectations rather than just responses to stimuli.
- Lewin's force field analysis which views behavior as resulting from the totality of psychological forces.
LEARNING.pptx
This document provides information on learning and learning theories. It defines learning as a relatively permanent change in behavior resulting from experience or practice. It discusses several theories of learning including:
- Thorndike's law of effect and law of exercise which propose that behaviors followed by satisfaction are strengthened while those followed by discomfort are weakened.
- Pavlov's classical conditioning which demonstrates how neutral stimuli can become conditioned stimuli through repeated pairing with unconditioned stimuli.
- Skinner's operant conditioning where behaviors are strengthened or weakened through reinforcement or punishment.
- Cognitive theories including Gestalt, which emphasize insight and problem solving, and Tolman's purposive behaviorism which proposes learning has direction and purpose toward goals.
The theories ob
The document discusses several theories of learning: behaviourist theories including classical conditioning, operant conditioning; cognitive theories including Edward Tolman's cognitive framework; and social learning and social cognitive theories. Classical conditioning involves associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response. Operant conditioning focuses on consequences influencing behaviour. Tolman believed cognition preceded behaviour through cue-expectancy associations. Social learning integrates behaviourist and cognitive concepts, emphasizing reciprocal cognitive, behavioural and environmental determinants. Social cognitive theory extends this with concepts like self-regulation. Learning principles can help managers guide employee behaviour and performance.
Behaviorism
behavioral theory formed the basis of most of the learning theory applied in child rearing and in classrooms. Parents and teachers still find that, in many instances, individuals do learn when provided with the appropriate blend of stimuli, rewards, negative reinforcement, and punishments. Especially with small children and simpler tasks, behavioral principles are often effective.
Eventually, however, educators began to feel that although stimulus-response does explain many human behaviors and has a legitimate place in instruction, behaviorism alone was not sufficient to explain all the phenomena observed in learning situations. The teacher’s are able to use this approach but they have to consider about the weaknesses and try to solve the weaknesses.
learning
1. There are three main types of learning: classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning.
2. Classical conditioning involves forming an association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response, as discovered by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments with dogs.
3. Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behaviors are modified by reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease the likelihood of those behaviors reoccurring, as proposed by B.F. Skinner.
Similar to Classical Conditioning Theory of Learning (20)
Classical conditioning theory and social learning theory
Classical conditioning theory and social learning theory
Classical Conditioning according to Pavlov and J.b Waston
Classical Conditioning according to Pavlov and J.b Waston
Principles and Applications of Classical and operant conditioningppt.pptx
Principles and Applications of Classical and operant conditioningppt.pptx
Recently uploaded
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS Template 2023-2024 by: Irene S. Rueco
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
Types of Herbal Cosmetics its standardization.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar KanvariaA Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.DRUGS AND ITS classification slide share
Any substance (other than food) that is used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or relieve symptoms of a
disease or abnormal condition
ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF HIP JOINT.pdf
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Recently uploaded (20)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
RPMS TEMPLATE FOR SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024 FOR TEACHER 1 TO TEACHER 3
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Classical Conditioning Theory of Learning
- 2. Classical Conditioning • Pavlov was a physiologist. • He was studying digestive system. . • It is a behaviorist theory. • It talks about connection between stimulus and response. • Being the first, it is also known as classical. Ivan Pavlov
- 3. Main Terminology Natural stimulus Conditioned Response Natural response Neutral stimulus Conditioned Stimulus
- 9. Processes During Conditioning • Behavior occurs in presence of other stimulus similar to the conditioned one Generalization • Learning to discriminate between main conditioned stimulus and other related stimulus Discrimination
- 10. Processes During Conditioning • Fading of desired behavior on repeated presentation of conditioned stimulus without associating with unconditioned one Extinction • If after extinction, the unconditioned stimulus is being associated again with conditioned stimulus, the behavior reoccurs immediately. Spontaneous Recovery
- 11. Educational Implications •For developing good habits •Developing positive attitude towards learning •To eradicate tension and fear among children •Re-adjustment of maladjusted children in classroom
- 12. LIMITATIONS • No explanation of learning of gifted/intelligent children • Too much stress on repetition • Generally, learnt facts are not stable • Sometimes, student forget when reinforcement is withdrawn • No clarity on role of insight, understanding, interests, aptitude, etc.
- 13. THANKS