Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, in its second edition, provides phylogenetic classifications of bacteria and archaea based on rRNA sequencing, categorizing them into various phyla. It includes five volumes detailing characteristics, classifications, and important genera across numerous bacterial and archaeal groups. Notable phyla discussed include Aquificae, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, highlighting their ecological significance and diverse physiological traits.

1. BERGEY’S MANUAL OF SYSTEMATIC
BACTERIOLOGY 2ND EDITION
Presented by,
Irfan M

2. HISTORY
• DAVID HENRICKS BERGEY (1860-1937).
• IN 1923 BERGEY’S MANUAL OF DETERMINATIVE BACTERIOLOGY
INITIATED.
• IN 1936 BERGEY’S MANUAL TRUST.
• IN 1984 1ST EDITION OF BERGEY’S MANUAL OF SYSTEMATIC
BACTERIOLOGY.
• IN 2011 2ND EDITION OF BERGEY’S MANUAL OF SYSTEMATIC
BACTERIOLOGY.

3. WHAT IS BMSB ?
IT PROVIDES PHYLOGENETIC INFORMATION ON BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA BASED ON
RRNA SEQUENCING.
THE VOLUMES ARE ORGANIZED ACCORDING TO MOLECULAR CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEMS INCLUDING 16S RRNA SEQUENCES RATHER THAN BY PHENOTYPIC
CHARACTERISTICS.

4. HOW BMSB IS ARRANGED ?
Divisions Example
Edition 1st and 2nd
Volumes
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 [1st edition have 4 volumes; 2nd edition have 5
volumes]
Parts
Volume 2 have 3 parts (2A, 2B and 2C)
Volume 5 have 2 parts (5A and 5B)
Others have no parts.
Chapters Volume 2A contain 24 chapters

5. Vol1-(2001) TheArchaeaand the deeply branching
andphototrophic Bacteria
Vol 2-(2005) The Proteobacteria
Vol 3-(2009) The Firmicutes
Vol 4-(2011) The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes,
Tenericutes, Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres,
Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Fusobacteria,
Lentisphaerae, Chlamydiae,and Planctomycetes
Vol 5-(2012) The Actinobacteria
Second Edition - published in 5 volumes

6. VOLUME I
Phylum Crenarchaeota
Class: Thermoprotei
• Originally containing thermophilic and hyperthermophilic
sulfur-metabolizing archaea
• Thermoproteales, Desulfurococclaes, Sulfolobales
• Recently discovered Crenarchaeota are inhibited by sulfur &
grow at lower temperatures
• Eg. Sulfolobus
Domain: Archaea

7. Domain: Archaea
Phylum Euryarchaeota
Differ in rRNA from other archaeans
Eight classes and twelve orders
Methanogenic archaea - Methanococcus
Halophilic archaea -Halobacterium
Thermophilic - Thermococcus
Sulfur-reducing archaea - Archaeoglobus

8. Domain: Bacteria
The 2nd edition of Bergey’s Manual of Systematic
Bacteriology divides domain Bacteria into 23 phyla. Some
notable phyla are:
1. Phylum Aquificae
The earliest branch of the Bacteria
Contains genera Aquiflex and Hydrogenobacter that can
obtain energy from hydrogen via chemolithotrophic
pathways
Also thermophilic
Ether-linked lipids

9. 2. Phylum Thermotogae
Anaerobic, thermophilic, fermentative, gram-negative
Contains unusual fatty acids and ether linked lipids
Also thermophilic
E.g. Thermotoga
3. Phylum Deinococcus-Thermus
Radiation resistant
Stains Gram-positive
High carotenoid contents
4. Phylum Chloroflexi
Gram negative green nonsulfur bacteria
Gliding motility
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Unusual peptidoglycans and lack LPS
Chloroflexus,
Herpetosiphon (Nonphotosynthetic)

10. 5. Phylum Cyanobacteria
Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria
Chlorophyll a and phycobilins
Unicellular or filamentous
Some are Nitrogen fixers
Nostoc, Spirulina
6. Phylum Chlorobi
The “green sulfur bacteria”
Anoxygenic photosynthesis
Includes genus Chlorobium

11. *Exclusive for Gram-negative bacteria
1. Phylum Proteobacteria
The largest group of gram-negative bacteria
Extremely complex group, with over 538 genera and
2000 species
All major nutritional types are represented: phototrophy,
heterotrophy, and several types of chemolithotrophy
Many species are important in medicine, industry and
biological research
Five classes – (i) Alphaproteobacteria,
(ii) Betaproteobacteria,
(iii)Gammaproteobacteria,
(iv)Deltaproteobacteria,
(v)Epsilonproteobacteria
VOLUME II

12. o Metabolic resemblance with alphaproteobacteria
o Use Organically decomposed materials in anoxic zones
o Hydrogen (Alcaligenes)
o Ammonia (Nitrosomonas)
o Methane (Methylobacillus)
o Volatile fatty acids (Burkholderia)
o Pathogen -Neisseria
Alphaproteobacteria
o Largest class contains14 orders and 28 families
o Many facultative anaerobes
o Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae andPasteurellaceae
Use EMP and HMPpathways
o The family Enterobacteriaceae, the “gram-negative enteric
bacteria,” include genera Escherichia, Proteus, Enterobacter,
Klebsiella, Salmonella, Shigella, Serratia, and others
Betaproteobacteria

13. o The family Pseudomonadaceae, which includes genus
Pseudomonas and related genera
o Pseudomonadaceae, Azotobacteraceae use ED and HMP
pathways
o Few are photosynthetic – Chromatium
o Methylotrophic - Methylococcus
Gammaproteobacteria
o Eight orders and 20 families
oPredators - Bdellovibrio
oMyxococcales (Slime
bacteria) - Myxococcus,
Polyangium
oAnaerobic sulfate reducers -
Desulfovibrio
o Only one order –
Campylobacterales
o Campylobacter,
Helicobacter
o Many are microaerophilic
Deltaproteobacteria Epsilonproteobacteria

14. VOLUME III
Phylum Firmicutes
“Low G + C gram-positive” bacteria (less than 50%)
Divided into 3 classes
Class I – Clostridia
o Includes genera Clostridium and Desulfotomaculum and others
o Anaerobic
o Forms endospores

15. Class II – Mollicutes
o Called as mycoplasmas
o Lack cell wall
o Cell membrane –sterols are present
o Pleomorphic
o Require sterols for growth
o Normally non motile, but some exhibit gliding movement
o Most are Animal and plant pathogens
o E.g. Mycoplasma, Spiroplasma

16. Class III – Bacilli
o Gram positive
o Can be rods or cocci
o Mostly aerobic, some are facultative
o Two orders – Bacillales, Lactobacillales
o Medically and Industrially important genera
o Require sterols for growth
o E.g. Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus,
Staphylococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus

17. VOLUME IV
1. Phylum Planctomycetes
o Aquatic habitats
o Coccoid, ovoid or pear shaped
o Some have membrane-enclosed nucleoid
o Most of them lack peptidoglycan
o Unicellular as well as chains
o Division by budding
o Stalks - non-prosthecate appendages
o Flagellar or giding motility
o E.g. Isophaera

18. 2. Phylum – Chlamydiae
Obligate intracellular parasites
Coccoid
Very small in size
Two stages in life cycle – elementary bodies and bodies
Most of them lack peptidoglycan

19. 3. Phylum – Spirochaetes
Characterized by flexible, helical cells with a modified
outer membrane (the outer sheath) and modified flagella
(axial filaments) located within the outer sheath
Gram negative
Chemoheterotrophs
Free living, symbiotic or parasitic
Important pathogenic genera include Treponema, Borrelia,
and Leptospira

20. 4. Phylum – Bacteroidetes
Gram negative, non spore forming anaerobic, rods
Wide distribution – soil, sea, guts and skin of animals
Fecal Indicator
Beneficial microbe in the gut
Some are opportunistic pathogens
Are resistant to wide range of antibiotics
Includes genera Bacteroides, Flavobacterium, Flexibacter, and
Cytophaga; Flexibacter and Cytophaga are motile by means
of “gliding motility”

21. VOLUME V
1. Phylum – Actinobacteria
“High G + C gram-positive” bacteria (50-55%)
Terrestrial or aquatic
Only one class, but 5 subclasses, six orders and 44
families
Often form complex branching filaments called hyphae
Even complex life cycles are found in some genera
Forms asexual spores

22. 2.Phylum – Actinobacteria
Secondary metabolite producers
Geosmin production
Varied difference in their cell walls, e.g. mycolic acid
Largest genus Streptomyces – 150 species
Includes genera Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium,
Actinomyces, Micrococcus,
Streptomyces, Mycobacterium